1 Samuel 1
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1Now there was a certain man of Ramathaim Zophim, of the hill country of Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite. 2He had two wives. The name of one was Hannah, and the name of other Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children. 3This man went up out of his city from year to year to worship and to sacrifice to Yahweh of Armies in Shiloh. The two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, priests to Yahweh, were there. 4When the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions; 5but to Hannah he gave a double portion, for he loved Hannah, but Yahweh had shut up her womb. 6Her rival provoked her severely, to irritate her, because Yahweh had shut up her womb. 7As he did so year by year, when she went up to Yahweh’s house. Her rival provoked her; therefore she wept, and didn’t eat. 8Elkanah her husband said to her, “Hannah, why do you weep? Why don’t you eat? Why is your heart grieved? Am I not better to you than ten sons?” 9So Hannah rose up after they had finished eating and drinking in Shiloh. Now Eli the priest was sitting on his seat by the doorpost of Yahweh’s temple. 10She was in bitterness of soul, and prayed to Yahweh, weeping bitterly. 11She vowed a vow, and said, “Yahweh of Armies, if you will indeed look at the affliction of your servant, and remember me, and not forget your servant, but will give to your servant a boy, then I will give him to Yahweh all the days of his life, and no razor shall come on his head.” 12As she continued praying before Yahweh, Eli saw her mouth. 13Now Hannah spoke in her heart. Only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard. Therefore Eli thought she was drunk. 14Eli said to her, “How long will you be drunk? Get rid of your wine!” 15Hannah answered, “No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit. I have not been drinking wine or strong drink, but I poured out my soul before Yahweh. 16Don’t consider your servant a wicked woman; for I have been speaking out of the abundance of my complaint and my provocation.” 17Then Eli answered, “Go in peace; and may the God of Israel grant your petition that you have asked of him.” 18She said, “Let your servant find favor in your sight.” So the woman went her way, and ate; and her facial expression wasn’t sad any more. 19They rose up in the morning early, and worshiped before Yahweh, and returned, and came to their house to Ramah. Then Elkanah knew Hannah his wife; and Yahweh remembered her. 20When the time had come, Hannah conceived, and bore a son; and she named him Samuel, saying, “Because I have asked him of Yahweh.” 21The man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer to Yahweh the yearly sacrifice, and his vow. 22But Hannah didn’t go up; for she said to her husband, “Not until the child is weaned; then I will bring him, that he may appear before Yahweh, and stay there forever.” 23Elkanah her husband said to her, “Do what seems good to you. Wait until you have weaned him; only may Yahweh establish his word.” So the woman waited and nursed her son, until she weaned him. 24When she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bulls, and one ephah of meal, and a bottle of wine, and brought him to Yahweh’s house in Shiloh. The child was young. 25They killed the bull, and brought the child to Eli. 26She said, “Oh, my lord, as your soul lives, my lord, I am the woman who stood by you here, praying to Yahweh. 27I prayed for this child; and Yahweh has given me my petition which I asked of him. 28Therefore I have also given him to Yahweh. As long as he lives he is given to Yahweh.” He worshiped Yahweh there.
World English Bible (public domain)
“And she vowed a vow and said, "O Lord of hosts, if you will indeed look on the affliction of your servant and remember me, and not forget your servant, but will give to your servant a son, then I will give him to the Lord all the days of his life, and no razor shall touch his head."”
1 Samuel 1:11
Summary
1 Samuel chapter 1 introduces us to Hannah, a woman deeply distressed because she is unable to bear children. She is one of the two wives of Elkanah, who also has Peninnah, who has children and taunts Hannah because of her barrenness. In her anguish, Hannah goes to the temple and fervently prays to the Lord, vowing that if He grants her a son, she will dedicate him to the Lord's service. Eli, the priest, initially misinterprets her earnest prayers for drunkenness but later blesses her after she explains her situation. God answers her prayer, and Hannah gives birth to a son named Samuel, fulfilling her vow by dedicating him to the Lord as promised. Key themes in this chapter include the power of prayer and the significance of faithfulness. Hannah's heartfelt petition underscores the importance of bringing our struggles and desires before God, teaching us that God hears our cries. Additionally, the contrast between Hannah and Peninnah illustrates themes of rivalry and the social stigma of childlessness in ancient Israel, while Hannah’s eventual joy reflects God’s ability to bring hope and transformation into our lives. The chapter sets the stage for Samuel’s pivotal role in Israel’s history as both a prophet and leader. Theologically, this chapter invites readers to consider God's sovereignty in our circumstances. Hannah's narrative illustrates that even in moments of deep despair, God is attentive and responsive. Furthermore, the dedication of Samuel foreshadows the transformative impact he will have on Israel, highlighting the idea that God prepares leaders who are set apart for His purposes, echoing throughout the biblical narrative.
Key Themes
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