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1 Samuel 19

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1Saul spoke to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, Saul’s son, greatly delighted in David. 2Jonathan told David, saying, “Saul my father seeks to kill you. Now therefore, please take care of yourself in the morning, and live in a secret place, and hide yourself. 3I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will talk with my father about you; and if I see anything, I will tell you.” 4Jonathan spoke good of David to Saul his father, and said to him, “Don’t let the king sin against his servant, against David; because he has not sinned against you, and because his works have been very good toward you; 5for he put his life in his hand, and struck the Philistine, and Yahweh worked a great victory for all Israel. You saw it, and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against innocent blood, to kill David without a cause?” 6Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan: and Saul swore, “As Yahweh lives, he shall not be put to death.” 7Jonathan called David, and Jonathan showed him all those things. Then Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as before. 8There was war again. David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and killed them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him. 9An evil spirit from Yahweh was on Saul, as he sat in his house with his spear in his hand; and David was playing with his hand. 10Saul sought to pin David to the wall with the spear; but he slipped away out of Saul’s presence, and he stuck the spear into the wall. David fled, and escaped that night. 11Saul sent messengers to David’s house, to watch him, and to kill him in the morning. Michal, David’s wife, told him, saying, “If you don’t save your life tonight, tomorrow you will be killed.” 12So Michal let David down through the window. He went away, fled, and escaped. 13Michal took the teraphim, and laid it in the bed, and put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head, and covered it with clothes. 14When Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, “He is sick.” 15Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him.” 16When the messengers came in, behold, the teraphim was in the bed, with the pillow of goats’ hair at its head. 17Saul said to Michal, “Why have you deceived me thus, and let my enemy go, so that he is escaped?” Michal answered Saul, “He said to me, ‘Let me go! Why should I kill you?’” 18Now David fled and escaped, and came to Samuel at Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. He and Samuel went and lived in Naioth. 19Saul was told, saying, “Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah.” 20Saul sent messengers to seize David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as head over them, God’s Spirit came on Saul’s messengers, and they also prophesied. 21When Saul was told, he sent other messengers, and they also prophesied. Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they also prophesied. 22Then he also went to Ramah, and came to the great well that is in Secu: and he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?” One said, “Behold, they are at Naioth in Ramah.” 23He went there to Naioth in Ramah. Then God’s Spirit came on him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to Naioth in Ramah. 24He also stripped off his clothes, and he also prophesied before Samuel, and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Therefore they say, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”

World English Bible (public domain)

And Michal took an image and laid it in the bed and put a pillow of goat's hair at its head and covered it with the clothes.

1 Samuel 19:13

Summary

In 1 Samuel chapter 19, the tension between Saul and David escalates, providing a backdrop for the deepening conflict driven by jealousy and fear. Saul, enraged by David's growing popularity and success, plots to kill him, demonstrating the destructive nature of envy. Jonathan, Saul's son and David's close friend, intervenes by warning David of his father's dangerous intentions, underscoring the strength of their friendship and loyalty. Jonathan speaks to Saul in defense of David, reminding him of David's faithfulness and accomplishments, which momentarily persuades Saul to spare David’s life. However, the respite is short-lived as Saul’s jealousy resurfaces, and he attempts to kill David once again. David flees, beginning a life marked by peril and uncertainty but also by God's protection. The chapter also introduces Michal, Saul’s daughter and David’s wife, who aids David's escape by lowering him from a window, demonstrating her commitment to David over her father’s ambitions. The themes of friendship, loyalty, and divine providence are woven throughout the narrative, illustrating the complexities of human relationships under divine guidance. God's sovereignty is evident as He continues to protect David, affirming His chosen king despite opposition from Saul. This chapter highlights the profound struggles that accompany divine calling, where God's plans often unfold amidst adversity and betrayal, reminding believers of the importance of trust and allegiance to God’s purpose, even in challenging circumstances.

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Chapter outline

How 1 Samuel 19 unfolds

  1. 1 Samuel 19:1–2 Saul's Plot Against David

    Saul instructs his servants, including Jonathan, to kill David, revealing his deepening jealousy. Jonathan, loyal to David, warns him to hide.

  2. 1 Samuel 19:3–6 Jonathan Defends David

    Jonathan speaks to Saul, reminding him of David's loyalty and past victories. Saul reluctantly swears not to harm David after Jonathan's plea.

  3. 1 Samuel 19:7–8 David's Return to Saul

    Jonathan informs David of the temporary reprieve, and David returns to Saul's service, continuing to fight the Philistines.

  4. 1 Samuel 19:9–10 Saul's Attempt on David's Life

    An evil spirit torments Saul, leading him to throw a spear at David during music. David narrowly escapes, highlighting Saul's volatile state.

  5. 1 Samuel 19:11–16 Michal Helps David Flee

    Saul sends messengers to kill David at home, but Michal deceives them, helping David escape through a window.

  6. 1 Samuel 19:17–19 David Seeks Samuel

    Saul confronts Michal about David's escape; she defends her actions. David flees to Samuel at Naioth for safety.

  7. 1 Samuel 19:20–24 Saul's Messengers Prophesy

    Saul sends messengers to capture David, but they are overtaken by God's Spirit and begin to prophesy instead. Saul attempts to seize David personally.

Key verses

  • 1 Samuel 19:13Michal's deception of Saul signifies the lengths to which individuals will go to protect the innocent.

Main themes in 1 Samuel 19

Jealousy and Anger

The theme of jealousy and anger manifests when Saul plots to kill David due to his success, as seen in verses 1 and 10. Saul's escalating rage highlights the destructive nature of envy, especially as he attempts to murder David. This deepens the conflict and drives the narrative forward, illustrating the impact of unchecked jealousy.

Friendship and Loyalty

Jonathan's loyalty to David is powerfully illustrated when he warns David of Saul's intentions in verses 2 and 4, demonstrating the depth of their bond. This friendship is marked by selflessness and courage, as Jonathan places David's safety above his own familial ties to Saul. The chapter develops this theme by contrasting Jonathan's unwavering loyalty with Saul's betrayal, emphasizing the strength found in true friendship during times of crisis.

Divine Protection

David's escape from Saul's murderous intent, particularly in verses 10 and 12, serves as a clear indication of God's protective hand upon him. Despite the very real threats posed by Saul, David finds refuge, exemplifying the idea that divine sovereignty overshadows human opposition. This theme is crucial in the chapter, as it reassures readers that God remains active and present even in the midst of danger and conflict, providing hope amidst adversity.

Faithfulness in Adversity

David's flight to Samuel in verse 18 illustrates his deep reliance on God and the importance of seeking divine guidance in times of trouble. This moment underscores the necessity of remaining faithful even when circumstances seem dire, as David actively seeks support in his most challenging moments. Throughout the chapter, this theme encourages readers to cultivate steadfastness in their faith, trusting in God's plans despite facing significant challenges.

Cross-references

Passages that echo 1 Samuel 19

Study questions

Questions for studying 1 Samuel 19

  1. What warning does Jonathan give to David about Saul's intentions?
  2. How does Jonathan argue for David's innocence to Saul?
  3. What role does Michal play in David's escape from Saul?
  4. What evidence shows Saul's state of mind when he attacks David?
  5. How does God's Spirit affect Saul's messengers in this chapter?
  6. What does David's flight to Samuel signify about his situation?
  7. In what ways does this chapter illustrate the theme of divine protection?

1 Samuel 19: frequently asked questions

What is 1 Samuel 19 about?+
In 1 Samuel chapter 19, the tension between Saul and David escalates, providing a backdrop for the deepening conflict driven by jealousy and fear. Saul, enraged by David's growing popularity and success, plots to kill him, demonstrating the destructive nature of envy. Jonathan, Saul's son and David's close friend, intervenes by warning David of his father's dangerous intentions, underscoring the strength of their friendship and loyalty. Jonathan speaks to Saul in defense of David, reminding him of David's faithfulness and accomplishments, which momentarily persuades Saul to spare David’s life. However, the respite is short-lived as Saul’s jealousy resurfaces, and he attempts to kill David once again. David flees, beginning a life marked by peril and uncertainty but also by God's protection. The chapter also introduces Michal, Saul’s daughter and David’s wife, who aids David's escape by lowering him from a window, demonstrating her commitment to David over her father’s ambitions. The themes of friendship, loyalty, and divine providence are woven throughout the narrative, illustrating the complexities of human relationships under divine guidance. God's sovereignty is evident as He continues to protect David, affirming His chosen king despite opposition from Saul. This chapter highlights the profound struggles that accompany divine calling, where God's plans often unfold amidst adversity and betrayal, reminding believers of the importance of trust and allegiance to God’s purpose, even in challenging circumstances.
What is the key verse in 1 Samuel 19?+
1 Samuel 19:13: "And Michal took an image and laid it in the bed and put a pillow of goat's hair at its head and covered it with the clothes."
What are the main themes of 1 Samuel 19?+
The main themes of 1 Samuel 19 are Jealousy and Anger, Friendship and Loyalty, Divine Protection, Faithfulness in Adversity.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with 1 Samuel 19

Study Notes