1 Samuel 6
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1Yahweh’s ark was in the country of the Philistines seven months. 2The Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, saying, “What shall we do with Yahweh’s ark? Show us how we should send it to its place.” 3They said, “If you send away the ark of the God of Israel, don’t send it empty; but by all means return a trespass offering to him. Then you will be healed, and it will be known to you why his hand is not removed from you.” 4Then they said, “What should the trespass offering be which we shall return to him?” They said, “Five golden tumors, and five golden mice, for the number of the lords of the Philistines; for one plague was on you all, and on your lords. 5Therefore you shall make images of your tumors, and images of your mice that mar the land; and you shall give glory to the God of Israel. Perhaps he will release his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land. 6Why then do you harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? When he had worked wonderfully among them, didn’t they let the people go, and they departed? 7“Now therefore take and prepare yourselves a new cart, and two milk cows, on which there has come no yoke; and tie the cows to the cart, and bring their calves home from them; 8and take Yahweh’s ark, and lay it on the cart. Put the jewels of gold, which you return him for a trespass offering, in a coffer by its side; and send it away, that it may go. 9Behold; if it goes up by the way of its own border to Beth Shemesh, then he has done us this great evil; but if not, then we shall know that it is not his hand that struck us. It was a chance that happened to us.” 10The men did so, and took two milk cows, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home. 11They put Yahweh’s ark on the cart, and the coffer with the golden mice and the images of their tumors. 12The cows took the straight way by the way to Beth Shemesh. They went along the highway, lowing as they went, and didn’t turn away to the right hand or to the left; and the lords of the Philistines went after them to the border of Beth Shemesh. 13The people of Beth Shemesh were reaping their wheat harvest in the valley; and they lifted up their eyes, and saw the ark, and rejoiced to see it. 14The cart came into the field of Joshua of Beth Shemesh, and stood there, where there was a great stone. Then they split the wood of the cart, and offered up the cows for a burnt offering to Yahweh. 15The Levites took down Yahweh’s ark, and the coffer that was with it, in which the jewels of gold were, and put them on the great stone; and the men of Beth Shemesh offered burnt offerings and sacrificed sacrifices the same day to Yahweh. 16When the five lords of the Philistines had seen it, they returned to Ekron the same day. 17These are the golden tumors which the Philistines returned for a trespass offering to Yahweh: for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, for Ashkelon one, for Gath one, for Ekron one; 18and the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fortified cities and of country villages, even to the great stone, on which they set down Yahweh’s ark. That stone remains to this day in the field of Joshua of Beth Shemesh. 19He struck of the men of Beth Shemesh, because they had looked into Yahweh’s ark, he struck fifty thousand seventy of the men. Then the people mourned, because Yahweh had struck the people with a great slaughter. 20The men of Beth Shemesh said, “Who is able to stand before Yahweh, this holy God? To whom shall he go up from us?” 21They sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kiriath Jearim, saying, “The Philistines have brought back Yahweh’s ark. Come down, and bring it up to yourselves.”
World English Bible (public domain)
“And he struck some of the men of Beth-shemesh, because they looked upon the ark of the LORD. He struck seventy men of them, and the people mourned because the LORD had struck the people with a great blow.”
1 Samuel 6:19
Summary
In 1 Samuel chapter 6, the Philistines return the captured Ark of the Covenant to Israel after experiencing severe afflictions. They devise a plan to send the Ark back while attempting to appease the God of Israel, crafting gold tumors and golden mice as guilt offerings, symbolic of their acknowledgment of wrongdoing. The Ark is placed on a new cart pulled by two milch cows, which leads the way to Beth Shemesh, demonstrating the hand of God guiding the animals as they leave their calves behind. Upon arrival, the people of Beth Shemesh rejoice at the Ark's return, but their joy turns to fear when they look inside the Ark, leading to severe consequences for their irreverence. In response, the residents inquire how to deal with the Ark, ultimately deciding to send it to Kiriath-jearim, emphasizing the holiness of God's presence and the need for reverence in approaching Him. Key themes in this chapter include the sovereignty of God, as He directs the return of the Ark, the significance of reverence for God, and the serious consequences of treating holy things with contempt. The theological implications highlight the distinction between the sacred and the common, reminding believers of the importance of recognizing God’s holiness in their worship. This chapter serves as a potent reminder of the seriousness of our relationship with God and the respect due to His presence among His people.
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Chapter outline
How 1 Samuel 6 unfolds
1 Samuel 6:1–2 Philistines Consult Priests
The Philistines, after suffering from plagues, seek advice from their priests and diviners on how to return the Ark of Yahweh.
1 Samuel 6:3–5 Instructions for the Offering
The priests advise returning the Ark with a trespass offering of golden tumors and mice to acknowledge their wrongs and seek healing.
1 Samuel 6:6–9 Caution Against Hardening Hearts
The priests remind the Philistines of Egypt's fate, urging them to send the Ark back properly to avoid further suffering.
1 Samuel 6:10–12 The Ark's Return
Following the instructions, the Philistines send the Ark on a new cart pulled by two milk cows, which lead directly to Beth Shemesh.
1 Samuel 6:13–15 Joyful Reception in Beth Shemesh
The people of Beth Shemesh rejoice at the sight of the Ark and offer burnt sacrifices upon its return.
1 Samuel 6:16–18 Philistine Lords Depart
After witnessing the Ark's return, the five lords of the Philistines return to Ekron, marking their acknowledgment of Yahweh.
1 Samuel 6:19–21 Consequences of Irreverence
Seventy men of Beth Shemesh die for looking into the Ark, leading the people to question their ability to stand before Yahweh.
Key verses
1 Samuel 6:19The key verse underscores the severe consequences of irreverence, marking a critical point in the narrative about God's holiness.
Main themes in 1 Samuel 6
God's sovereignty
God's sovereignty is evident as He guides the Ark back to Israel through the actions of the cows in verses 10-12. The specific direction taken by the cows suggests divine intervention in the situation. This theme reinforces the understanding that God maintains control over events, even among those who do not worship Him.
Holiness of God
The holiness of God is highlighted when the men of Beth Shemesh realize the danger of approaching the Ark casually, especially in verse 20. Their fear demonstrates a growing awareness of God's sacredness and the seriousness of His presence. Recognizing God’s holiness is a pivotal theme, stressing the need for proper reverence in worship.
Reverence in worship
Reverence in worship emerges as the Philistines attempt to honor God with their offerings and the people of Beth Shemesh celebrate the Ark's return. However, their subsequent actions reveal a lack of understanding of proper reverence, leading to tragic consequences. This theme calls readers to reflect on the importance of approaching God with the honor He is due.
Consequences of irreverence
The consequences of irreverence are prominently illustrated in 1 Samuel 6, particularly in verse 19 where Yahweh strikes down seventy men who looked into the Ark. This act of judgment highlights the gravity of approaching sacred objects without the proper reverence and respect they demand. The chapter develops this theme by showcasing how the Philistines, despite their victory, face dire repercussions for their irreverence towards the Ark, reinforcing the importance of recognizing the holiness of God.
Cross-references
Passages that echo 1 Samuel 6
- 1 Samuel 5This earlier chapter connects by showing the Philistines' suffering caused by the presence of the Ark, leading to their need to return it.
- 2 Samuel 6Later events in this chapter develop the theme of reverence, as David's handling of the Ark continues to emphasize God's holiness.
- 1 Chronicles 13This passage echoes the importance of proper procedures in transporting the Ark, highlighting a later moment of irreverence.
- Numbers 4Instructive details about handling holy objects in this chapter connect to the later actions of the Philistines and the men of Beth Shemesh.
- Exodus 8Similar to the plagues experienced by the Egyptians, the Philistines’ suffering underscores the power of Yahweh against those who oppose Him.
- Joshua 7This chapter connects through themes of irreverence and the consequences faced by those who disobey God's commands.
Study questions
Questions for studying 1 Samuel 6
- What offerings did the Philistines prepare for Yahweh's Ark?
- How did the priests advise the Philistines to handle the Ark?
- What was the response of the people of Beth Shemesh upon seeing the Ark?
- What actions did the Levites take when the Ark arrived?
- What consequences did the men of Beth Shemesh face for their actions?
- Why did the men of Beth Shemesh send messengers to Kiriath Jearim?
- What does this chapter reveal about the nature of reverence for God?
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