2 Kings 17
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1In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah, Hoshea the son of Elah began to reign in Samaria over Israel for nine years. 2He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, yet not as the kings of Israel who were before him. 3Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him, and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute. 4The king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea; for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and offered no tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year. Therefore the king of Assyria seized him, and bound him in prison. 5Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years. 6In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away to Assyria, and placed them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes. 7It was so because the children of Israel had sinned against Yahweh their God, who brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods, 8and walked in the statutes of the nations whom Yahweh cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they made. 9The children of Israel secretly did things that were not right against Yahweh their God; and they built high places for themselves in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fortified city; 10and they set up for themselves pillars and Asherah poles on every high hill, and under every green tree; 11and there they burned incense in all the high places, as the nations whom Yahweh carried away before them did; and they did wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger; 12and they served idols, of which Yahweh had said to them, “You shall not do this thing.” 13Yet Yahweh testified to Israel, and to Judah, by every prophet, and every seer, saying, “Turn from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.” 14Notwithstanding, they would not listen, but hardened their neck, like the neck of their fathers, who didn’t believe in Yahweh their God. 15They rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified to them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and followed the nations that were around them, concerning whom Yahweh had commanded them that they should not do like them. 16They abandoned all the commandments of Yahweh their God, and made molten images for themselves, even two calves, and made an Asherah, and worshiped all the army of the sky, and served Baal. 17They caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, to provoke him to anger. 18Therefore Yahweh was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight. There was none left but the tribe of Judah only. 19Also Judah didn’t keep the commandments of Yahweh their God, but walked in the statutes of Israel which they made. 20Yahweh rejected all the offspring of Israel, afflicted them, and delivered them into the hands of raiders, until he had cast them out of his sight. 21For he tore Israel from David’s house; and they made Jeroboam the son of Nebat king; and Jeroboam drove Israel from following Yahweh, and made them sin a great sin. 22The children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they didn’t depart from them 23until Yahweh removed Israel out of his sight, as he said by all his servants the prophets. So Israel was carried away out of their own land to Assyria to this day. 24The king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, from Cuthah, from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria, and lived in its cities. 25So it was, at the beginning of their dwelling there, that they didn’t fear Yahweh. Therefore Yahweh sent lions among them, which killed some of them. 26Therefore they spoke to the king of Assyria, saying, “The nations which you have carried away and placed in the cities of Samaria don’t know the law of the god of the land. Therefore he has sent lions among them, and behold, they kill them, because they don’t know the law of the god of the land.” 27Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, “Carry there one of the priests whom you brought from there; and let them go and dwell there, and let him teach them the law of the god of the land.” 28So one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria came and lived in Bethel, and taught them how they should fear Yahweh. 29However every nation made gods of their own, and put them in the houses of the high places which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities in which they lived. 30The men of Babylon made Succoth Benoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima, 31and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak; and the Sepharvites burned their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim. 32So they feared Yahweh, and also made from among themselves priests of the high places for themselves, who sacrificed for them in the houses of the high places. 33They feared Yahweh, and also served their own gods, after the ways of the nations from among whom they had been carried away. 34To this day they do what they did before. They don’t fear Yahweh, and they do not follow the statutes, or the ordinances, or the law, or the commandment which Yahweh commanded the children of Jacob, whom he named Israel; 35with whom Yahweh had made a covenant, and commanded them, saying, “You shall not fear other gods, nor bow yourselves to them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to them; 36but you shall fear Yahweh, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt with great power and with an outstretched arm, and you shall bow yourselves to him, and you shall sacrifice to him. 37The statutes and the ordinances, and the law and the commandment, which he wrote for you, you shall observe to do forever more. You shall not fear other gods. 38You shall not forget the covenant that I have made with you. You shall not fear other gods. 39But you shall fear Yahweh your God, and he will deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies.” 40However they did not listen, but they did what they did before. 41So these nations feared Yahweh, and also served their engraved images. Their children likewise, and their children’s children, as their fathers did, so they do to this day.
World English Bible (public domain)
“And this occurred because the people of Israel had sinned against the Lord their God, who had brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt and had feared other gods.”
2 Kings 17:7
Summary
2 Kings chapter 17 details the fall of the Northern Kingdom of Israel as a consequence of their persistent unfaithfulness to God. The chapter begins with Shalmaneser, the king of Assyria, laying siege to Samaria. After three years, the city falls in 722 BC, and the Israelites are taken into exile. The text emphasizes that this calamity is rooted in Israel’s disobedience to God, as they turned to idolatry and walked in the ways of the nations around them rather than adhering to God’s commandments. The chapter highlights the religious corruption of Israel, detailing how they worshiped foreign gods and established high places for idolatrous practices. The prophets had warned the people to return to the Lord, but their hearts remained hardened. This narrative serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the importance of faithfulness to God’s covenant. Furthermore, 2 Kings 17 emphasizes God's justice in punishing unfaithfulness while also showcasing His patience. Even in judgment, there is a hint of hope, as the chapter concludes with a discussion of the foreigners who were resettled in Israel, showing that God's concern extends to all peoples. The theological implications of this chapter center on the themes of divine justice, covenant faithfulness, and the hope for redemption beyond judgment.
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Chapter outline
How 2 Kings 17 unfolds
2 Kings 17:1–2 Hoshea's Reign and Sins
Hoshea becomes king of Israel and does evil in God's sight, though less than his predecessors.
2 Kings 17:3–4 Assyria's Conquest Begins
Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, besieges Samaria after discovering Hoshea's conspiracy with Egypt.
2 Kings 17:5–6 Fall of Samaria
After a three-year siege, Assyria captures Samaria and exiles the Israelites.
2 Kings 17:7–12 Israel's Sins Against God
The chapter details the reasons for Israel's downfall, including idolatry and disobedience to God's commands.
2 Kings 17:13–15 God’s Warnings Ignored
God sends prophets to call Israel back, but they refuse to listen and continue in their ways.
2 Kings 17:16–23 Judgment on Israel
Israel abandons God's commandments, leading to their removal from the land as foretold by prophets.
2 Kings 17:24–41 Foreigners in Samaria
Assyria resettles foreigners in Israel, who mix their worship with the fear of Yahweh but do not fully commit.
Key verses
2 Kings 17:7The key verse encapsulates the reasons for Israel's exile, highlighting their unfaithfulness despite God's deliverance.
Main themes in 2 Kings 17
judgment
Judgment is a central theme as seen in God's decision to remove Israel from His sight due to their unfaithfulness (verse 18). This judgment follows years of warnings and disobedience, culminating in the destruction of Samaria. The chapter illustrates the serious repercussions of turning away from God and serves as a warning about the consequences of sin.
idolatry
Idolatry is highlighted throughout the chapter, notably in verses 7-12, where Israel worships foreign gods and builds high places. Their practices anger God, as they abandon His commandments for the idols of surrounding nations. This theme underscores the dangers of integrating foreign beliefs into worship and the persistent temptation to stray from true devotion.
covenant faithfulness
Covenant faithfulness is evident in God's ongoing call to Israel to return to Him, as seen in verse 13. Despite their rebellion, God remains faithful in warning them through prophets, seeking their repentance. This theme emphasizes the importance of faithfulness to God's covenant and the relationship between divine mercy and judgment.
divine justice
Divine justice manifests in God's actions against Israel for their sins, particularly in verses 20-23, where He removes them from their land. The narrative illustrates that God's justice is both a consequence of His holiness and a response to Israel's persistent disobedience. This theme reinforces the idea that divine justice serves as a corrective measure aimed at restoring faithfulness.
Cross-references
Passages that echo 2 Kings 17
- 2 Kings 18This passage connects through the ongoing narrative of Israel's decline and the eventual impact of Assyrian policies.
- Matthew 6This verse echoes the theme of divided loyalties, as seen in the Israelites serving both Yahweh and idols.
- 1 Kings 12This earlier account sets the stage for Israel's division and the introduction of Jeroboam's idolatrous practices.
- 1 Kings 14This passage develops the theme of judgment against Israel for continuing in the sins of Jeroboam.
- 1 Kings 18This chapter connects by showcasing the spiritual conflict between Yahweh and the idolatrous practices of Israel.
- Nehemiah 9This passage echoes themes of repentance and God's faithfulness, highlighting Israel's recurring unfaithfulness.
Study questions
Questions for studying 2 Kings 17
- What actions led to the downfall of Hoshea's reign as king of Israel?
- How did Israel's idolatry manifest in their worship practices?
- What were the consequences of Israel's refusal to heed God's prophets?
- In what ways did the Assyrian conquest fulfill God's warnings?
- How do the resettled foreigners' practices reflect the spiritual state of Israel?
- What does this chapter suggest about God's relationship with His covenant people?
- How does Israel's history of sin inform the reader about divine justice?
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