Genesis 43
Read Genesis 43 (WEB)+
1The famine was severe in the land. 2When they had eaten up the grain which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said to them, “Go again, buy us a little more food.” 3Judah spoke to him, saying, “The man solemnly warned us, saying, ‘You shall not see my face, unless your brother is with you.’ 4If you’ll send our brother with us, we’ll go down and buy you food, 5but if you’ll not send him, we’ll not go down, for the man said to us, ‘You shall not see my face, unless your brother is with you.’” 6Israel said, “Why did you treat me so badly, telling the man that you had another brother?” 7They said, “The man asked directly concerning ourselves, and concerning our relatives, saying, ‘Is your father still alive? Have you another brother?’ We just answered his questions. Is there any way we could know that he would say, ‘Bring your brother down?’” 8Judah said to Israel, his father, “Send the boy with me, and we’ll get up and go, so that we may live, and not die, both we, and you, and also our little ones. 9I’ll be collateral for him. From my hand will you require him. If I don’t bring him to you, and set him before you, then let me bear the blame forever, 10for if we hadn’t delayed, surely we would have returned a second time by now.” 11Their father, Israel, said to them, “If it must be so, then do this. Take from the choice fruits of the land in your bags, and carry down a present for the man, a little balm, a little honey, spices and myrrh, nuts, and almonds; 12and take double money in your hand, and take back the money that was returned in the mouth of your sacks. Perhaps it was an oversight. 13Take your brother also, get up, and return to the man. 14May God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may release to you your other brother and Benjamin. If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved.” 15The men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and got up, went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph. 16When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house, “Bring the men into the house, and butcher an animal, and prepare; for the men will dine with me at noon.” 17The man did as Joseph commanded, and the man brought the men to Joseph’s house. 18The men were afraid, because they were brought to Joseph’s house; and they said, “Because of the money that was returned in our sacks the first time, we’re brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, attack us, and seize us as slaves, along with our donkeys.” 19They came near to the steward of Joseph’s house, and they spoke to him at the door of the house, 20and said, “Oh, my lord, we indeed came down the first time to buy food. 21When we came to the lodging place, we opened our sacks, and behold, each man’s money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight. We have brought it back in our hand. 22We have brought down other money in our hand to buy food. We don’t know who put our money in our sacks.” 23He said, “Peace be to you. Don’t be afraid. Your God, and the God of your father, has given you treasure in your sacks. I received your money.” He brought Simeon out to them. 24The man brought the men into Joseph’s house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet. He gave their donkeys fodder. 25They prepared the present for Joseph’s coming at noon, for they heard that they should eat bread there. 26When Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves down to the earth before him. 27He asked them of their welfare, and said, “Is your father well, the old man of whom you spoke? Is he yet alive?” 28They said, “Your servant, our father, is well. He is still alive.” They bowed down humbly. 29He lifted up his eyes, and saw Benjamin, his brother, his mother’s son, and said, “Is this your youngest brother, of whom you spoke to me?” He said, “God be gracious to you, my son.” 30Joseph hurried, for his heart yearned over his brother; and he sought a place to weep. He entered into his room, and wept there. 31He washed his face, and came out. He controlled himself, and said, “Serve the meal.” 32They served him by himself, and them by themselves, and the Egyptians, that ate with him, by themselves, because the Egyptians don’t eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is an abomination to the Egyptians. 33They sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth, and the men marveled one with another. 34He sent portions to them from before him, but Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as any of theirs. They drank, and were merry with him.
World English Bible (public domain)
“And he (Jacob) said, "My son shall not go down with you, for his brother is dead, and he is the only one left. If harm should happen to him on the journey that you are to make, you would bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to Sheol."”
Genesis 43:38
Summary
In Genesis chapter 43, the narrative continues with Jacob and his sons facing the famine that compels them to return to Egypt for more grain. The chapter highlights the tensions within the family, particularly surrounding the favored son, Benjamin, who had to accompany the brothers to avoid suspicion from the Egyptian ruler, Joseph, who they did not recognize. Jacob's initial reluctance to send Benjamin reveals themes of fear and loss, as he is deeply concerned about losing his last remaining son from Rachel. Eventually, after Judah offers to be responsible for Benjamin, Jacob relents and allows the journey to proceed, reflecting a shift towards trust and necessity over fear. As the brothers arrive in Egypt, they are met with Joseph's hospitality, as he prepares a feast for them. This encounter signifies a turning point, where unresolved family dynamics begin to unfold and the brothers' guilt over selling Joseph years before resurfaces. The chapter emphasizes themes of reconciliation, the power of familial bonds, and the sovereignty of God in orchestrating events, as the brothers unknowingly step into a plan that would eventually lead to their salvation and restoration as a family. Theological significance is found in the portrayal of God's providence and grace in the midst of human struggles and failures. The reconciliation process is not only a familial but a divine one, demonstrating God’s redemptive purposes working through the hardships faced by His people. Overall, Genesis 43 sets the stage for significant turning points in the Joseph narrative, highlighting themes of testing, repentance, and the beginnings of forgiveness within a fractured family context.
Go deeper
Ask the AI about Genesis 43
Bring your question about the chapter, the key verse, or how this passage fits the rest of Scripture.
Daily Scripture study
Get a short devotional by email
One passage, one reflection, and one practical question for the day.
Studying Genesis with a print Bible beside you? See our picks for the best study Bibles for women.
Chapter outline
How Genesis 43 unfolds
Genesis 43:1–5 Famine and Family Tension
The severe famine prompts Jacob to instruct his sons to return to Egypt for food, but Judah insists they cannot go without Benjamin.
Genesis 43:6–10 Judah's Plea for Benjamin
Israel questions his sons about their previous actions, revealing his fear of losing Benjamin. Judah offers himself as collateral to ensure Benjamin's safety.
Genesis 43:11–14 Preparations to Return
Israel reluctantly agrees to send Benjamin with gifts and double money, expressing hope for God's mercy in their endeavor.
Genesis 43:15–25 Arrival and Hospitality
The brothers travel to Egypt with Benjamin, where Joseph orders a feast prepared upon seeing them.
Genesis 43:26–30 Joseph's Emotional Reunion
Joseph greets his brothers and is emotionally moved upon seeing Benjamin, leading him to seek a private place to weep.
Genesis 43:31–34 The Feast and Favor
During the meal, Joseph honors his brothers, giving Benjamin a portion five times larger, which causes surprise and joy among them.
Key verses
Genesis 43:38Jacob's declaration underscores the weight of parental fear and love, framing the chapter's emotional and relational conflicts.
Main themes in Genesis 43
family dynamics
Family dynamics are prominent as the brothers navigate their relationships under pressure, especially concerning Benjamin's safety in verses 8-9. The tension reveals underlying guilt and favoritism, as Jacob's attachment to Benjamin complicates decisions. This dynamic ultimately sets the stage for deeper exploration of their past mistakes and the need for healing.
reconciliation
Reconciliation is hinted at when Judah takes responsibility for Benjamin in verses 8-9, showcasing a willingness to mend relationships. The brothers' return to Egypt is fraught with guilt over past actions, creating a complex backdrop for potential healing. The chapter foreshadows a movement towards reconciliation not only among brothers but also between Joseph and his family.
providence of God
The providence of God is evident as the narrative unfolds through Joseph's orchestrated plans and familial reunions, especially in verses 14 and 30. While the brothers operate from fear, God's hand directs their paths toward restoration and sustenance. This chapter illustrates how divine providence can work through human actions and decisions.
fear and trust
Fear and trust are central as Jacob hesitates to send Benjamin due to past losses in verses 6 and 14, reflecting his deep-seated anxiety. The chapter shows a gradual shift from fear to trust as Judah reassures their father and the brothers prepare for their journey. This tension highlights the struggle between human apprehensions and faith in God's provision.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Genesis 43
- Genesis 42This chapter connects as it continues the story of the brothers' initial journey to Egypt and their need for food.
- Genesis 44Genesis 44 develops the theme of familial relationships as the narrative continues with further trials for Joseph's brothers.
- Genesis 37This passage echoes the earlier narrative of Joseph's betrayal by his brothers, setting the stage for their later reconciliation.
- Genesis 45Genesis 45 connects as it ultimately culminates in Joseph revealing his identity and forgiving his brothers.
- Genesis 18This chapter connects through themes of divine intervention and the unfolding of God's promises to Abraham's descendants.
- Genesis 29The familial themes in this chapter echo the dynamics of Jacob's family relationships, particularly with Rachel and Leah.
Study questions
Questions for studying Genesis 43
- What were Jacob's concerns about sending Benjamin to Egypt?
- How does Judah's role shift throughout the chapter?
- What emotions does Joseph display when he sees Benjamin?
- Why did the brothers fear being brought to Joseph's house?
- How does the chapter illustrate the theme of reconciliation?
- What gifts do the brothers bring to Joseph, and why?
- How does the chapter resolve the initial tension between fear and trust?
Genesis 43: frequently asked questions
What is Genesis 43 about?+
What is the key verse in Genesis 43?+
What are the main themes of Genesis 43?+
Related chapters