Isaiah 59
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1Behold, Yahweh’s hand is not shortened, that it can’t save; nor his ear dull, that it can’t hear. 2But your iniquities have separated you and your God, and your sins have hidden his face from you, so that he will not hear. 3For your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with iniquity. Your lips have spoken lies. Your tongue mutters wickedness. 4No one sues in righteousness, and no one pleads in truth. They trust in vanity, and speak lies. They conceive mischief, and give birth to iniquity. 5They hatch adders’ eggs, and weave the spider’s web. He who eats of their eggs dies; and that which is crushed breaks out into a viper. 6Their webs won’t become garments. They won’t cover themselves with their works. Their works are works of iniquity, and acts of violence are in their hands. 7Their feet run to evil, and they hurry to shed innocent blood. Their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity. desolation and destruction are in their paths. 8They don’t know the way of peace; and there is no justice in their ways. They have made crooked paths for themselves; whoever goes in them doesn’t know peace. 9Therefore is justice far from us, and righteousness doesn’t overtake us. We look for light, but see darkness; for brightness, but we walk in obscurity. 10We grope for the wall like the blind. Yes, we grope as those who have no eyes. We stumble at noon as if it were twilight. Among those who are strong, we are like dead men. 11We all roar like bears, and moan bitterly like doves. We look for justice, but there is none; for salvation, but it is far off from us. 12For our transgressions are multiplied before you, and our sins testify against us; for our transgressions are with us, and as for our iniquities, we know them: 13transgressing and denying Yahweh, and turning away from following our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood. 14Justice is turned away backward, and righteousness stands far away; for truth has fallen in the street, and uprightness can’t enter. 15Yes, truth is lacking; and he who departs from evil makes himself a prey. Yahweh saw it, and it displeased him that there was no justice. 16He saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no intercessor. Therefore his own arm brought salvation to him; and his righteousness sustained him. 17He put on righteousness as a breastplate, and a helmet of salvation on his head. He put on garments of vengeance for clothing, and was clad with zeal as a mantle. 18According to their deeds, he will repay as appropriate, wrath to his adversaries, recompense to his enemies; he will repay the islands their due. 19So shall they fear Yahweh’s name from the west, and his glory from the rising of the sun; for he will come as a rushing stream, which Yahweh’s breath drives. 20“A Redeemer will come to Zion, and to those who turn from disobedience in Jacob,” says Yahweh. 21“As for me, this is my covenant with them,” says Yahweh. “My Spirit who is on you, and my words which I have put in your mouth, shall not depart out of your mouth, nor out of the mouth of your offspring, nor out of the mouth of your offspring’s offspring,” says Yahweh, “from henceforth and forever.”
World English Bible (public domain)
“"Behold, the Lord's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save, or his ear dull, that it cannot hear;"”
Isaiah 59:1
Summary
Isaiah 59 addresses the separation between God and the people of Israel due to their sins. Despite God's power and willingness to save, it is their iniquities that have created a barrier. The chapter vividly describes societal injustice, including deceit and violence, and how these sins have left the people estranged from God. There is no justice or peace among the people because they have chosen to follow wicked paths instead of God's righteous ways. However, the chapter shifts to a note of hope as it proclaims that God will intervene. He will bring justice and salvation, not based on the people's righteousness but on His own steadfast love and covenant. The concluding verses speak of a Redeemer coming to Zion and the promise of God's Word and Spirit being with His people eternally.
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Chapter outline
How Isaiah 59 unfolds
Isaiah 59:1–2 God's Ability to Save
The chapter opens with a declaration of God's power to save and hear His people. It establishes that the issue lies with the people's sins, which have created a separation.
Isaiah 59:3–8 Description of Iniquity
This section details the moral and ethical decay within society, highlighting acts of violence, deceit, and the absence of justice. The imagery illustrates the pervasive nature of sin affecting the community.
Isaiah 59:9–11 Despair from Injustice
The people's cries for justice and salvation are met with despair as they acknowledge their sins. They feel lost and without hope, likening their situation to that of the blind.
Isaiah 59:12–15 Recognition of Transgressions
The people confess their transgressions before God, recognizing the depth of their iniquities. They acknowledge the societal decline and God's displeasure due to the absence of justice.
Isaiah 59:16–19 God's Response to Injustice
God observes the lack of righteousness and decides to act on behalf of His people. He embodies the qualities of righteousness and vengeance, preparing to bring justice.
Isaiah 59:20–21 Promise of Redemption
The chapter concludes with a promise of a Redeemer coming to Zion, emphasizing God's ongoing covenant with His people. This assures them of His Spirit and words enduring among them.
Key verses
Isaiah 59:1Isaiah 59:1 captures the chapter's essence, highlighting God's readiness to save despite the people's sins.
Main themes in Isaiah 59
Sin and Separation
Sin and separation emerge early in the chapter, particularly in verses 1-2, where the people's iniquities are identified as the cause of their estrangement from God. The text develops this theme by detailing societal injustices and personal transgressions, illustrating how pervasive sin leads to a lack of justice and peace. Within the larger movement, the acknowledgment of sin sets the stage for God's promise of redemption.
Divine Justice
Divine justice is a recurring theme, surfacing primarily in verses 14-15, where the absence of truth and righteousness is lamented. The chapter complicates this by depicting God as both displeased with the injustice and committed to intervening for His people. This highlights the tension between God’s justice and the people’s sinful reality, ultimately leading to the promise of restoration.
Redemption and Salvation
The theme of redemption and salvation culminates in verses 20-21, where a coming Redeemer is promised to Israel. This promise is significant as it indicates God's initiative in bringing salvation despite the people's failures. It emphasizes that redemption is anchored not in human righteousness, but in God's unwavering covenantal love.
God's Covenant Faithfulness
God's covenant faithfulness is emphasized in the final verses, particularly verse 21, where He assures His ongoing commitment to His people. This faithfulness contrasts sharply with the people's unfaithfulness, which led to their separation. The chapter closes with a reassuring promise that underscores God's enduring presence and the legacy of his words and Spirit.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Isaiah 59
- Isaiah 44Isaiah 44 connects through its themes of God's sovereignty and assurance of salvation, reinforcing His ability to redeem.
- Jeremiah 31Jeremiah 31 echoes the promise of a new covenant, highlighting God's commitment to restore His people despite their sins.
- Hebrews 10Hebrews 10 develops the concept of a new covenant, fulfilling the promises made in Isaiah by emphasizing Christ's redemptive work.
- Jeremiah 32Jeremiah 32 connects as it speaks to God's promises of restoration and the certainty of His plans for His people.
- Ezekiel 36Ezekiel 36 echoes the themes of cleansing and renewal, paralleling the promise of God's Spirit in Isaiah 59.
- John 7John 7 connects by proclaiming Jesus as the source of living water, resonating with the promise of salvation found in Isaiah.
Study questions
Questions for studying Isaiah 59
- What specific iniquities are mentioned in verses 3-4?
- How do the images of blindness in verses 9-10 reflect the people's condition?
- What does verse 15 indicate about God's view of justice?
- How does God plan to bring salvation according to verses 16-19?
- What significance does the promise of a Redeemer in verse 20 hold for Israel?
- In what ways does the covenant described in verse 21 shape Israel's identity?
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