Jeremiah 49
Read Jeremiah 49 (WEB)+
1Of the children of Ammon. Yahweh says: “Has Israel no sons? Has he no heir? Why then does Malcam possess Gad, and his people dwell in its cities? 2Therefore behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will cause an alarm of war to be heard against Rabbah of the children of Ammon; and it will become a desolate heap, and her daughters will be burned with fire: then Israel will possess those who possessed him,” says Yahweh. 3“Wail, Heshbon, for Ai is laid waste! Cry, you daughters of Rabbah! Clothe yourself in sackcloth. Lament, and run back and forth among the fences; for Malcam will go into captivity, his priests and his princes together. 4Why do you boast in the valleys, your flowing valley, backsliding daughter? You trusted in her treasures, saying, ‘Who will come to me?’ 5Behold, I will bring a terror on you,” says the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, “from all who are around you. All of you will be driven completely out, and there will be no one to gather together the fugitives. 6“But afterward I will reverse the captivity of the children of Ammon,” says Yahweh. 7Of Edom, Yahweh of Armies says: “Is wisdom no more in Teman? Has counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom vanished? 8Flee! Turn back! Dwell in the depths, inhabitants of Dedan; for I will bring the calamity of Esau on him when I visit him. 9If grape gatherers came to you, would they not leave some gleaning grapes? If thieves came by night, wouldn’t they steal until they had enough? 10But I have made Esau bare, I have uncovered his secret places, and he will not be able to hide himself. His offspring is destroyed, with his brothers and his neighbors; and he is no more. 11Leave your fatherless children. I will preserve them alive. Let your widows trust in me.” 12For Yahweh says: “Behold, they to whom it didn’t pertain to drink of the cup will certainly drink; and are you he who will altogether go unpunished? You won’t go unpunished, but you will surely drink. 13For I have sworn by myself,” says Yahweh, “that Bozrah will become an astonishment, a reproach, a waste, and a curse. All its cities will be perpetual wastes.” 14I have heard news from Yahweh, and an ambassador is sent among the nations, saying, “Gather yourselves together! Come against her! Rise up to the battle!” 15“For, behold, I have made you small among the nations, and despised among men. 16As for your terror, the pride of your heart has deceived you, O you who dwell in the clefts of the rock, who hold the height of the hill, though you should make your nest as high as the eagle, I will bring you down from there,” says Yahweh. 17“Edom will become an astonishment. Everyone who passes by it will be astonished, and will hiss at all its plagues. 18As in the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and its neighbor cities,” says Yahweh, “no man will dwell there, neither will any son of man live therein. 19“Behold, he will come up like a lion from the pride of the Jordan against the strong habitation: for I will suddenly make them run away from it; and whoever is chosen, I will appoint him over it. For who is like me? Who will appoint me a time? Who is the shepherd who will stand before me?” 20Therefore hear the counsel of Yahweh, that he has taken against Edom; and his purposes, that he has purposed against the inhabitants of Teman: Surely they will drag them away, the little ones of the flock. Surely he will make their habitation desolate over them. 21The earth trembles at the noise of their fall; there is a cry, the noise which is heard in the Red Sea. 22Behold, he will come up and fly as the eagle, and spread out his wings against Bozrah. The heart of the mighty men of Edom at that day will be as the heart of a woman in her pangs. 23Of Damascus: “Hamath is confounded, and Arpad; for they have heard evil news. They have melted away. There is sorrow on the sea. It can’t be quiet. 24Damascus has grown feeble, she turns herself to flee, and trembling has seized her. Anguish and sorrows have taken hold of her, as of a woman in travail. 25How is the city of praise not forsaken, the city of my joy? 26Therefore her young men will fall in her streets, and all the men of war will be brought to silence in that day,” says Yahweh of Armies. 27“I will kindle a fire in the wall of Damascus, and it will devour the palaces of Ben Hadad.” 28Of Kedar, and of the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck. Yahweh says: “Arise, go up to Kedar, and destroy the children of the east. 29They will take their tents and their flocks. they will carry away for themselves their curtains, all their vessels, and their camels; and they will cry to them, ‘Terror on every side!’ 30Flee! Wander far off! Dwell in the depths, you inhabitants of Hazor,” says Yahweh; “for Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has taken counsel against you, and has conceived a purpose against you. 31Arise! Go up to a nation that is at ease, that dwells without care,” says Yahweh; “that has neither gates nor bars, that dwells alone. 32Their camels will be a booty, and the multitude of their livestock a plunder. I will scatter to all winds those who have the corners of their beards cut off; and I will bring their calamity from every side of them,” says Yahweh. 33Hazor will be a dwelling place of jackals, a desolation forever. No man will dwell there, neither will any son of man live therein.” 34Yahweh’s word that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning Elam, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying, 35“Yahweh of Armies says: ‘Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the chief of their might. 36I will bring on Elam the four winds from the four quarters of the sky, and will scatter them toward all those winds. There will be no nation where the outcasts of Elam will not come. 37I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and before those who seek their life. I will bring evil on them, even my fierce anger,’ says Yahweh; ‘and I will send the sword after them, until I have consumed them. 38I will set my throne in Elam, and will destroy from there king and princes,’ says Yahweh. 39‘But it will happen in the latter days that I will reverse the captivity of Elam,’ says Yahweh.”
World English Bible (public domain)
“"For I have sworn by myself, declares the LORD, that Bozrah shall become a horror, a taunt, a waste, and a curse, and all her cities shall be perpetual wastes."”
Jeremiah 49:13
Summary
Jeremiah 49 presents a series of prophecies against various nations, highlighting God's sovereignty and judgment over the Gentile nations surrounding Israel. Initially, the chapter deals with prophecies against Ammon, warning of upcoming destruction due to their trust in wealth and lands seized from Israel. The arrogance and false security of Ammon will not save them from disaster. The prophecy then turns towards Edom, predicting desolation due to their pride and self-reliance. God emphasizes that no wisdom or understanding from Edom's leadership can shield them from the impending judgment. Following Edom, prophecies are pronounced against Damascus, Kedar, Hazor, and Elam, each facing impending judgments specific to their transgressions but collectively reinforcing the idea of divine retribution against those who act contrary to God’s ways. Despite the severe judgments, there is a recurring theme of hope and restoration. The LORD declares that although these nations will be punished for their iniquities, there is a promise of eventual restoration for some, reflecting the divine attribute of mercy in the midst of justice. This theme underscores the universal claim of God's dominion and the impartial reach of His justice, reminding all nations of their ultimate accountability to Him. Theologically, the chapter emphasizes God's justice and sovereignty, affirming that His judgments extend beyond Israel to all nations. The repeated pattern of sin and divine retribution serves as both a warning and a promise of hope, indicating that God's ultimate plan involves both punishment for wrongdoing and restoration for those who turn back to Him. The chapter illustrates the transient nature of human power and the enduring reality of God's plans. Key lessons include the dangers of pride, reliance on worldly power, and the illusion of security in material wealth. The chapter encourages an understanding of God’s active role in the world, shaping history and calling all nations towards His righteousness.
Go deeper
Ask the AI about Jeremiah 49
Bring your question about the chapter, the key verse, or how this passage fits the rest of Scripture.
Daily Scripture study
Get a short devotional by email
One passage, one reflection, and one practical question for the day.
Subscribe free and instantly get “Depth Without Seminary” — our step-by-step study guide (PDF).
One short email each morning. Unsubscribe anytime.
Studying Jeremiah with a print Bible beside you? See our picks for the best study Bibles for beginners.
Chapter outline
How Jeremiah 49 unfolds
Jeremiah 49:1–6 Prophecy Against Ammon
God questions why Ammon possesses Gad, declaring impending war and destruction, yet promises future restoration for Ammon.
Jeremiah 49:7–20 Judgment on Edom
Edom's pride is challenged as God declares their wisdom is lost; their impending desolation is assured while God's sovereignty is emphasized.
Jeremiah 49:21–27 Destruction of Damascus
Damascus is portrayed as fearful and weak, facing destruction due to the Lord's judgment, with a vivid image of fire consuming its palaces.
Jeremiah 49:28–33 Judgment Against Kedar and Hazor
Prophecy foretells the destruction of Kedar and Hazor by Babylon, emphasizing their vulnerability and ultimate desolation as a result of divine judgment.
Jeremiah 49:34–39 Prophecy Regarding Elam
Elam faces destruction and scattering as God declares His judgment, yet promises future restoration in the latter days.
Key verses
Jeremiah 49:13Jeremiah 49:13 highlights the severity of God's judgment, underscoring the chapter's focus on divine retribution against nations.
Main themes in Jeremiah 49
God's sovereignty
God's sovereignty is evident in His control over the destinies of nations such as Ammon and Edom, particularly in verses 1-20. Throughout this chapter, the unfolding of God's authority in executing judgment illustrates that no nation can evade His plans or alter their appointed outcomes. This theme of sovereignty reinforces the overarching narrative that God holds dominion over all peoples and nations, directing history according to His will.
Divine judgment
Divine judgment prominently surfaces in verses 2-18, where the fates of Ammon and Edom are clearly declared. This section outlines the consequences of their actions, emphasizing that God's justice is both inevitable and impartial, serving as a reminder of divine accountability. The theme of judgment serves as a stark warning to all nations, highlighting that they are subject to God's moral standards and will face the repercussions of their choices.
Pride and humility
Pride is critiqued in Edom's case in verses 7-16, where their false sense of security is dismantled. The chapter illustrates how reliance on earthly power leads to downfall, emphasizing the need for humility before God. This theme is a reminder that human arrogance will ultimately be met with divine correction.
Hope and restoration
The theme of hope emerges in verse 6 and verse 39, where God promises future restoration for Ammon and Elam despite the severe judgments declared throughout the chapter. These verses reveal that even in the midst of judgment, God's mercy remains present, suggesting that redemption and reconciliation are possible. This duality of judgment and hope emphasizes God's desire to restore relationships with His people, highlighting the complexity of His character.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Jeremiah 49
- Jeremiah 30Jeremiah 30 echoes the theme of restoration for Israel, similar to the hope offered for Ammon in this chapter.
- Jeremiah 50Jeremiah 50 connects by illustrating God's judgment against Babylon, paralleling the judgments declared against other nations here.
- Obadiah 1Obadiah 1 develops the theme of Edom's pride and impending judgment, complementing Jeremiah's prophecies.
- Jeremiah 48Jeremiah 48 echoes the warnings against Moab, reminiscent of the judgment themes present throughout this chapter.
- Amos 1Amos 1 connects by showcasing God's judgment on surrounding nations, reinforcing the consistent divine accountability.
- Jeremiah 25Jeremiah 25 develops the theme of divine judgment and the consequences for nations, similar to those outlined in this chapter.
Study questions
Questions for studying Jeremiah 49
- What does God say about Ammon's possession of Gad?
- How does God describe the pride of Edom?
- What fate does Damascus face according to Jeremiah?
- What imagery is used to depict the destruction of Hazor?
- How does the prophecy regarding Elam illustrate God's sovereignty?
- What does God's promise of restoration in verse 39 indicate?
- How do the themes of pride and judgment manifest in this chapter?
Jeremiah 49: frequently asked questions
What is Jeremiah 49 about?+
What is the key verse in Jeremiah 49?+
What are the main themes of Jeremiah 49?+
Related chapters