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Job 15

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1Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered, 2“Should a wise man answer with vain knowledge, and fill himself with the east wind? 3Should he reason with unprofitable talk, or with speeches with which he can do no good? 4Yes, you do away with fear, and hinder devotion before God. 5For your iniquity teaches your mouth, and you choose the language of the crafty. 6Your own mouth condemns you, and not I. Yes, your own lips testify against you. 7“Are you the first man who was born? Or were you brought out before the hills? 8Have you heard the secret counsel of God? Do you limit wisdom to yourself? 9What do you know, that we don’t know? What do you understand, which is not in us? 10With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men, much elder than your father. 11Are the consolations of God too small for you, even the word that is gentle toward you? 12Why does your heart carry you away? Why do your eyes flash, 13That you turn your spirit against God, and let such words go out of your mouth? 14What is man, that he should be clean? What is he who is born of a woman, that he should be righteous? 15Behold, he puts no trust in his holy ones. Yes, the heavens are not clean in his sight; 16how much less one who is abominable and corrupt, a man who drinks iniquity like water! 17“I will show you, listen to me; that which I have seen I will declare 18(which wise men have told by their fathers, and have not hidden it; 19to whom alone the land was given, and no stranger passed among them): 20the wicked man writhes in pain all his days, even the number of years that are laid up for the oppressor. 21A sound of terrors is in his ears. In prosperity the destroyer shall come on him. 22He doesn’t believe that he shall return out of darkness. He is waited for by the sword. 23He wanders abroad for bread, saying, ‘Where is it?’ He knows that the day of darkness is ready at his hand. 24Distress and anguish make him afraid. They prevail against him, as a king ready to the battle. 25Because he has stretched out his hand against God, and behaves himself proudly against the Almighty; 26he runs at him with a stiff neck, with the thick shields of his bucklers; 27because he has covered his face with his fatness, and gathered fat on his thighs. 28He has lived in desolate cities, in houses which no one inhabited, which were ready to become heaps. 29He shall not be rich, neither shall his substance continue, neither shall their possessions be extended on the earth. 30He shall not depart out of darkness. The flame shall dry up his branches. By the breath of God’s mouth shall he go away. 31Let him not trust in emptiness, deceiving himself; for emptiness shall be his reward. 32It shall be accomplished before his time. His branch shall not be green. 33He shall shake off his unripe grape as the vine, and shall cast off his flower as the olive tree. 34For the company of the godless shall be barren, and fire shall consume the tents of bribery. 35They conceive mischief, and produce iniquity. Their heart prepares deceit.”

World English Bible (public domain)

"What is man, that he can be pure? Or he who is born of a woman, that he can be righteous?"

Job 15:14

Summary

In Job chapter 15, Eliphaz the Temanite addresses Job for the second time, responding to Job’s previous speeches with rebuke and criticism. Eliphaz asserts that Job’s words are empty and disrespectful, accusing him of undermining religion and piety. He argues that wisdom and understanding are being neglected by Job, who refuses to learn from the wise and ancient knowledge passed down through generations. Eliphaz paints a stark image of the fate of the wicked, describing their constant turmoil and inevitable ruin. He contends that God’s wrath is reserved for those who turn away from Him, indirectly suggesting that Job’s suffering is a result of his own hidden sins. Eliphaz insists that God does not trust even His angels fully, implying that humans like Job have no reason to claim innocence before God. This chapter highlights the tension between human wisdom and divine justice, as well as the tendency to blame suffering on personal sinfulness. Eliphaz’s speech further emphasizes the belief in retributive justice, where actions directly lead to corresponding rewards or punishments.

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Chapter outline

How Job 15 unfolds

  1. Job 15:1–6 Eliphaz Responds to Job

    Eliphaz begins by criticizing Job's words as lacking wisdom and filled with empty rhetoric. He accuses Job of undermining fear of God and allowing iniquity to influence his speech.

  2. Job 15:7–11 Questioning Job's Knowledge

    Eliphaz questions Job's understanding and knowledge, implying that he is not as wise as he believes. He emphasizes the experience of the aged and challenges Job's authority.

  3. Job 15:12–16 Describing Human Iniquity

    Eliphaz reflects on the nature of humanity, asserting that no one is truly righteous before God. He points out that even angels are not deemed pure, casting doubt on Job's claims.

  4. Job 15:17–24 The Fate of the Wicked

    He describes the relentless suffering of the wicked, illustrating their anguish and impending doom. This portrayal serves as a warning to Job about the consequences of sinful behavior.

  5. Job 15:25–30 Reckoning with God's Judgment

    Eliphaz states that the wicked are proud and defiant against God, which leads to their downfall. He warns that divine judgment is inevitable for those who oppose the Almighty.

  6. Job 15:31–35 The End of the Godless

    The chapter concludes with a depiction of the godless who conceive mischief and deceit. Eliphaz asserts that their ultimate fate is destruction, reinforcing his argument against Job.

Key verses

  • Job 15:14Job 15:14 emphasizes human inadequacy before God, reflecting the chapter's exploration of righteousness and the nature of suffering.

Main themes in Job 15

Retributive Justice

Retributive justice is articulated through Eliphaz's assertion that the wicked face consistent suffering, particularly in verses 20-24. He outlines a grim fate for the wicked, emphasizing that their anguish is a direct result of their sinful actions. This theme serves to frame Job's own suffering as a possible consequence of hidden wrongdoing, reinforcing the belief that divine punishment is meted out in response to human actions.

Human Wisdom vs. Divine Wisdom

Eliphaz contrasts human wisdom with divine wisdom, particularly in verses 7-9, where he questions Job's understanding. By suggesting that true insight is derived from the accumulated wisdom of the elders, Eliphaz implies that Job's perspective is flawed and lacking in depth. This tension illustrates the limitations inherent in human reasoning when attempting to comprehend the broader and more complex nature of divine justice.

Suffering and Sin

The chapter connects suffering directly to personal sin, as Eliphaz insinuates that Job’s afflictions stem from wrongdoing in verses 14-16. This correlation complicates the understanding of Job's plight, emphasizing the belief that suffering serves as a divine response to sin. It sets the stage for the ongoing debate about the nature of suffering.

The Complexity of Righteousness

Eliphaz challenges the notion of human righteousness in verses 14-15, arguing that even angels are not pure before God. This assertion complicates the idea of righteousness and indicates that it cannot be easily claimed by humans, thus undermining Job's defense of his innocence. The discussion encourages a deeper reflection on the nature of righteousness, particularly in the context of suffering and the divine expectations of humanity.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Job 15

Study questions

Questions for studying Job 15

  1. What are Eliphaz's main accusations against Job in this chapter?
  2. How does Eliphaz's view of wisdom reflect his understanding of suffering?
  3. What imagery does Eliphaz use to describe the fate of the wicked?
  4. How does Eliphaz challenge Job's claims of innocence?
  5. What does Eliphaz suggest about the nature of humanity in relation to God?
  6. How is the theme of retributive justice portrayed in Eliphaz's speech?

Job 15: frequently asked questions

What is Job 15 about?+
In Job chapter 15, Eliphaz the Temanite addresses Job for the second time, responding to Job’s previous speeches with rebuke and criticism. Eliphaz asserts that Job’s words are empty and disrespectful, accusing him of undermining religion and piety. He argues that wisdom and understanding are being neglected by Job, who refuses to learn from the wise and ancient knowledge passed down through generations. Eliphaz paints a stark image of the fate of the wicked, describing their constant turmoil and inevitable ruin. He contends that God’s wrath is reserved for those who turn away from Him, indirectly suggesting that Job’s suffering is a result of his own hidden sins. Eliphaz insists that God does not trust even His angels fully, implying that humans like Job have no reason to claim innocence before God. This chapter highlights the tension between human wisdom and divine justice, as well as the tendency to blame suffering on personal sinfulness. Eliphaz’s speech further emphasizes the belief in retributive justice, where actions directly lead to corresponding rewards or punishments.
What is the key verse in Job 15?+
Job 15:14: ""What is man, that he can be pure? Or he who is born of a woman, that he can be righteous?""
What are the main themes of Job 15?+
The main themes of Job 15 are Retributive Justice, Human Wisdom vs. Divine Wisdom, Suffering and Sin, The Complexity of Righteousness.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Job 15

Study Notes