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Matthew 10

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1He called to himself his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every sickness. 2Now the names of the twelve apostles are these. The first, Simon, who is called Peter; Andrew, his brother; James the son of Zebedee; John, his brother; 3Philip; Bartholomew; Thomas; Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus; Lebbaeus, who was also called Thaddaeus; 4Simon the Canaanite; and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. 5Jesus sent these twelve out, and commanded them, saying, “Don’t go among the Gentiles, and don’t enter into any city of the Samaritans. 6Rather, go to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7As you go, preach, saying, ‘The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand!’ 8Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, and cast out demons. Freely you received, so freely give. 9Don’t take any gold, silver, or brass in your money belts. 10Take no bag for your journey, neither two coats, nor shoes, nor staff: for the laborer is worthy of his food. 11Into whatever city or village you enter, find out who in it is worthy; and stay there until you go on. 12As you enter into the household, greet it. 13If the household is worthy, let your peace come on it, but if it isn’t worthy, let your peace return to you. 14Whoever doesn’t receive you, nor hear your words, as you go out of that house or that city, shake the dust off your feet. 15Most certainly I tell you, it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city. 16“Behold, I send you out as sheep among wolves. Therefore be wise as serpents, and harmless as doves. 17But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to councils, and in their synagogues they will scourge you. 18Yes, and you will be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony to them and to the nations. 19But when they deliver you up, don’t be anxious how or what you will say, for it will be given you in that hour what you will say. 20For it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you. 21“Brother will deliver up brother to death, and the father his child. Children will rise up against parents, and cause them to be put to death. 22You will be hated by all men for my name’s sake, but he who endures to the end will be saved. 23But when they persecute you in this city, flee into the next, for most certainly I tell you, you will not have gone through the cities of Israel, until the Son of Man has come. 24“A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his lord. 25It is enough for the disciple that he be like his teacher, and the servant like his lord. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much more those of his household! 26Therefore don’t be afraid of them, for there is nothing covered that will not be revealed; and hidden that will not be known. 27What I tell you in the darkness, speak in the light; and what you hear whispered in the ear, proclaim on the housetops. 28Don’t be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul. Rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna. 29“Aren’t two sparrows sold for an assarion coin? Not one of them falls on the ground apart from your Father’s will, 30but the very hairs of your head are all numbered. 31Therefore don’t be afraid. You are of more value than many sparrows. 32Everyone therefore who confesses me before men, him I will also confess before my Father who is in heaven. 33But whoever denies me before men, him I will also deny before my Father who is in heaven. 34“Don’t think that I came to send peace on the earth. I didn’t come to send peace, but a sword. 35For I came to set a man at odds against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. 36A man’s foes will be those of his own household. 37He who loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; and he who loves son or daughter more than me isn’t worthy of me. 38He who doesn’t take his cross and follow after me, isn’t worthy of me. 39He who seeks his life will lose it; and he who loses his life for my sake will find it. 40He who receives you receives me, and he who receives me receives him who sent me. 41He who receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward. He who receives a righteous man in the name of a righteous man will receive a righteous man’s reward. 42Whoever gives one of these little ones just a cup of cold water to drink in the name of a disciple, most certainly I tell you he will in no way lose his reward.”

World English Bible (public domain)

And do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather fear him who can destroy both soul and body in hell.

Matthew 10:28

Summary

In Matthew 10, Jesus calls His twelve disciples and empowers them to perform miracles and proclaim the Kingdom of Heaven. He sends them out with specific instructions: to go to the lost sheep of Israel and to rely on God's provision through the hospitality of others. He warns them of the persecution they will face, urging them to be shrewd as serpents and innocent as doves. Jesus emphasizes the cost of discipleship, instructing the disciples to prioritize their commitment to Him above all else, including family ties. Jesus also assures the disciples of God's care and presence, even amidst adversity. He encourages them not to fear those who can kill the body but not the soul, and to trust God's attention to their needs, using the metaphor of sparrows to illustrate His attentive care. He reinforces the idea that acknowledging Him before others will result in being acknowledged before the Father, while denial will have the opposite effect. The chapter concludes with Jesus explaining the consequences of His message, which can bring division rather than peace, even within families. He assures them that anyone who receives them receives Him and highlights the rewards of welcoming His disciples as a reflection of welcoming Him. Overall, Matthew 10 emphasizes the commitment, challenges, and rewards associated with being a disciple of Jesus.

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Chapter outline

How Matthew 10 unfolds

  1. Matthew 10:1–4 Jesus Calls and Empowers Disciples

    Jesus gathers His twelve disciples, granting them authority to heal and cast out demons, preparing them for their mission.

  2. Matthew 10:5–15 Instructions for the Mission

    He instructs them to focus on Israel, preaching the Kingdom and relying on hospitality, while warning of judgment for unresponsive cities.

  3. Matthew 10:16–23 Warnings about Persecution

    Jesus forewarns the disciples of impending persecution, advising them to be wise and to flee when necessary, while assuring them of ultimate vindication.

  4. Matthew 10:24–31 Discipleship and Fear

    He teaches that disciples are not above their teacher, encouraging them not to fear threats against their lives, as God values them highly.

  5. Matthew 10:32–39 Confession and Loyalty

    Jesus emphasizes the importance of confessing Him before others, highlighting the cost of true discipleship and the need to prioritize Him above family.

  6. Matthew 10:40–42 Rewards for Reception

    He concludes with reassurance that receiving His disciples is akin to receiving Him, promising rewards for those who support His followers.

Key verses

  • Matthew 10:28Matthew 10:28 encapsulates the chapter's emphasis on prioritizing faith in God over fear of human threats.

Main themes in Matthew 10

Discipleship

Discipleship is central in Matthew 10 as Jesus sends out the twelve apostles to preach the Gospel and perform healings (verses 1-7). The chapter illustrates that true discipleship requires prioritizing Jesus over all other relationships, including family ties, which is emphasized in verses 34-37. This commitment to Jesus not only shapes their calling but also defines their mission, highlighting the serious nature of following Him in service to others.

Persecution

Persecution emerges as a key theme when Jesus warns His disciples about being delivered to councils and facing hatred from others (verses 17-22). He encourages them to remain resilient amidst trials, indicating that such struggles are an expected part of their mission to spread the Gospel. This theme highlights the significant cost associated with being His followers and sets a realistic expectation for their journey ahead.

Faith and Trust in God

Faith and trust in God are underscored when Jesus assures His disciples not to fear, as God is aware of their needs (verse 31). He uses the example of sparrows to illustrate God's attentive care for even the smallest creatures, encouraging the disciples to trust in His provision during challenging times. This emphasis on reliance fosters a deeper understanding of God's sovereignty and faithfulness as they carry out their mission.

The Cost of Following Jesus

The cost of following Jesus is vividly articulated through His call to love Him more than family and to take up one's cross (verses 37-38). He presents the potential division His message can create within households, urging His followers to remain committed despite familial conflicts. This notion challenges readers to reflect on the depth of their devotion and the sacrifices that may be required in their walk with Christ.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Matthew 10

Study questions

Questions for studying Matthew 10

  1. Who are the twelve apostles called in this chapter?
  2. What specific instructions does Jesus give to His disciples?
  3. How does Jesus address the issue of persecution in this chapter?
  4. What does Jesus mean by 'the laborer is worthy of his food'?
  5. In what ways does this chapter illustrate the cost of discipleship?
  6. How does Jesus describe God's care for His disciples?
  7. What reward does Jesus promise for those who receive His disciples?

Matthew 10: frequently asked questions

What is Matthew 10 about?+
In Matthew 10, Jesus calls His twelve disciples and empowers them to perform miracles and proclaim the Kingdom of Heaven. He sends them out with specific instructions: to go to the lost sheep of Israel and to rely on God's provision through the hospitality of others. He warns them of the persecution they will face, urging them to be shrewd as serpents and innocent as doves. Jesus emphasizes the cost of discipleship, instructing the disciples to prioritize their commitment to Him above all else, including family ties. Jesus also assures the disciples of God's care and presence, even amidst adversity. He encourages them not to fear those who can kill the body but not the soul, and to trust God's attention to their needs, using the metaphor of sparrows to illustrate His attentive care. He reinforces the idea that acknowledging Him before others will result in being acknowledged before the Father, while denial will have the opposite effect. The chapter concludes with Jesus explaining the consequences of His message, which can bring division rather than peace, even within families. He assures them that anyone who receives them receives Him and highlights the rewards of welcoming His disciples as a reflection of welcoming Him. Overall, Matthew 10 emphasizes the commitment, challenges, and rewards associated with being a disciple of Jesus.
What is the key verse in Matthew 10?+
Matthew 10:28: "Don’t be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul. Rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna."
What are the main themes of Matthew 10?+
The main themes of Matthew 10 are Discipleship, Persecution, Faith and Trust in God, The Cost of Following Jesus.

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