Nehemiah 13
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1On that day they read in the book of Moses in the hearing of the people; and it was found written in it that an Ammonite and a Moabite should not enter into the assembly of God forever, 2because they didn’t meet the children of Israel with bread and with water, but hired Balaam against them, to curse them; however our God turned the curse into a blessing. 3It came to pass, when they had heard the law, that they separated all the mixed multitude from Israel. 4Now before this, Eliashib the priest, who was appointed over the rooms of the house of our God, being allied to Tobiah, 5had prepared for him a great room, where before they laid the meal offerings, the frankincense, the vessels, and the tithes of the grain, the new wine, and the oil, which were given by commandment to the Levites, the singers, and the gatekeepers; and the wave offerings for the priests. 6But in all this, I was not at Jerusalem; for in the thirty-second year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon I went to the king; and after some days I asked leave of the king, 7and I came to Jerusalem, and understood the evil that Eliashib had done for Tobiah, in preparing him a room in the courts of God’s house. 8It grieved me severely. Therefore I threw all Tobiah’s household stuff out of the room. 9Then I commanded, and they cleansed the rooms. I brought into them the vessels of God’s house, with the meal offerings and the frankincense again. 10I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been given them; so that the Levites and the singers, who did the work, had each fled to his field. 11Then I contended with the rulers, and said, “Why is God’s house forsaken?” I gathered them together, and set them in their place. 12Then all Judah brought the tithe of the grain, the new wine, and the oil to the treasuries. 13I made treasurers over the treasuries, Shelemiah the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and of the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah; for they were counted faithful, and their business was to distribute to their brothers. 14Remember me, my God, concerning this, and don’t wipe out my good deeds that I have done for the house of my God, and for its observances. 15In those days saw I in Judah some men treading wine presses on the Sabbath, bringing in sheaves, and loading donkeys; also with wine, grapes, figs, and all kinds of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the Sabbath day; and I testified against them in the day in which they sold food. 16Some men of Tyre also lived there, who brought in fish and all kinds of wares, and sold on the Sabbath to the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem. 17Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said to them, “What evil thing is this that you do, and profane the Sabbath day? 18Didn’t your fathers do thus, and didn’t our God bring all this evil on us, and on this city? Yet you bring more wrath on Israel by profaning the Sabbath.” 19It came to pass that when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the Sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut, and commanded that they should not be opened until after the Sabbath. I set some of my servants over the gates, so that no burden should be brought in on the Sabbath day. 20So the merchants and sellers of all kinds of wares camped outside of Jerusalem once or twice. 21Then I testified against them, and said to them, “Why do you stay around the wall? If you do so again, I will lay hands on you.” From that time on, they didn’t come on the Sabbath. 22I commanded the Levites that they should purify themselves, and that they should come and keep the gates, to sanctify the Sabbath day. Remember to me, my God, this also, and spare me according to the greatness of your loving kindness. 23In those days I also saw the Jews who had married women of Ashdod, of Ammon, and of Moab; 24and their children spoke half in the speech of Ashdod, and could not speak in the Jews’ language, but according to the language of each people. 25I contended with them, and cursed them, and struck certain of them, and plucked off their hair, and made them swear by God, “You shall not give your daughters to their sons, nor take their daughters for your sons, or for yourselves. 26Didn’t Solomon king of Israel sin by these things? Yet among many nations was there no king like him, and he was beloved of his God, and God made him king over all Israel. Nevertheless foreign women caused even him to sin. 27Shall we then listen to you to do all this great evil, to trespass against our God in marrying foreign women?” 28One of the sons of Joiada, the son of Eliashib the high priest, was son-in-law to Sanballat the Horonite; therefore I chased him from me. 29Remember them, my God, because they have defiled the priesthood, and the covenant of the priesthood and of the Levites. 30Thus I cleansed them from all foreigners, and appointed duties for the priests and for the Levites, everyone in his work; 31and for the wood offering, at times appointed, and for the first fruits. Remember me, my God, for good.
World English Bible (public domain)
“"Remember this also in my favor, O my God, and spare me according to the greatness of your steadfast love."”
Nehemiah 13:22
Summary
In Nehemiah Chapter 13, Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem after being away and discovers the reforms he had instituted were not being maintained. He sees that Eliashib the priest has allowed Tobiah, an enemy of Israel, to occupy a room in the temple. Nehemiah is outraged and immediately throws out all of Tobiah's belongings. Further, he discovers that the Levites, who depended on the people's offerings, had left their work because the people had not been faithful in tithing. Nehemiah rebukes the officials and restores the Levites to their positions. Additionally, he confronts those who were conducting business on the Sabbath, desecrating the holy day, and he reinforces the importance of keeping the Sabbath holy. Another major concern arises with the intermarriages between the people of Judah and foreign nations, which results in children who do not even speak the language of Judah. Nehemiah reacts by reprimanding the people, separating them from foreign influences, and reminding them of Solomon's downfall due to similar sins.
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Chapter outline
How Nehemiah 13 unfolds
Nehemiah 13:1–3 Reading the Law and Separation
The people read from the book of Moses, realizing that Ammonites and Moabites should be excluded from the assembly due to past hostility, leading to their separation from Israel.
Nehemiah 13:4–9 Eliashib's Compromise
Eliashib the priest had allowed Tobiah to occupy a room in the temple, prompting Nehemiah's return and his cleansing of the temple area.
Nehemiah 13:10–14 Restoration of Levite Provisions
Nehemiah discovers that the Levites have not been given their portions, leading him to restore their duties and call for the people's tithes.
Nehemiah 13:15–22 Sabbath Violations Addressed
Nehemiah confronts Judah's leaders for profaning the Sabbath, shutting the gates of Jerusalem to prevent trade on that day.
Nehemiah 13:23–29 Intermarriage Concerns
Nehemiah observes intermarriages with foreign women, leading him to rebuke the people for abandoning their covenant with God.
Nehemiah 13:30–31 Final Cleansing and Remembrance
Nehemiah concludes by cleansing the community of foreign influences, appointing duties for priests, and asking God to remember his efforts.
Key verses
Nehemiah 13:22This verse encapsulates Nehemiah's plea for God's remembrance of his faithfulness amidst the challenges he faced.
Main themes in Nehemiah 13
Covenant faithfulness
Covenant faithfulness emerges notably in Nehemiah 13 when the people are instructed to separate from foreign influences, as seen in verse 3. This separation signifies a commitment to uphold God's commands, which is further reinforced by Nehemiah's strong rebuke against intermarriage found in verses 23-27. The chapter develops this theme by highlighting that loyalty to God's covenant is essential for preserving the community's identity and spiritual purity, ensuring that their practices align with divine expectations.
Purity of worship
Purity of worship is prominently featured in Nehemiah 13, especially when Nehemiah takes decisive action to cleanse the temple of Tobiah's belongings in verses 7-9. This act symbolizes the necessity of maintaining a sacred space for worship that is untainted by corruption and compromise. The chapter illustrates that true worship involves not only reverence for God but also a commitment to uphold His standards, reflecting the seriousness of maintaining holiness in communal practices.
Sabbath observance
Sabbath observance is a central issue in verses 15-22, where Nehemiah confronts the violation of this holy day. His commitment to enforcing the Sabbath laws reflects a deep respect for God's command and the need for rest and worship. The chapter reinforces the significance of dedicated time for God amidst daily life.
Leadership and accountability
Leadership and accountability manifest in Nehemiah's direct confrontations with the nobles and his actions to restore proper worship practices in verses 11-14. Nehemiah's willingness to hold leaders accountable for their failures illustrates effective governance rooted in a desire to honor God. His leadership style demonstrates the necessity of integrity and responsibility in guiding the community.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Nehemiah 13
- Malachi 3Malachi echoes the theme of proper offerings and tithes, emphasizing God's expectation for the faithfulness of His people.
- Nehemiah 10Nehemiah 10 connects as it outlines the commitments made by the people regarding their covenant obligations, including tithing.
- Nehemiah 12Nehemiah 12 develops the theme of worship by detailing the roles and responsibilities of the Levites and priests.
- Nehemiah 5Nehemiah 5 echoes the theme of social justice and accountability, addressing issues of exploitation and community welfare.
- Deuteronomy 23Deuteronomy 23 connects by providing the original prohibition against Ammonites and Moabites in the assembly.
- Ezra 10Ezra 10 develops the theme of intermarriage, highlighting the community's need to separate from foreign influences.
Study questions
Questions for studying Nehemiah 13
- What does the reading of the law reveal about foreign nations in verse 1?
- How does Nehemiah respond to Tobiah's presence in the temple?
- What reasons does Nehemiah give for the Levites leaving their work?
- Why is the Sabbath violation a significant issue in this chapter?
- What does Nehemiah's response to intermarriage signify about covenant faithfulness?
- How does Nehemiah's leadership style reflect accountability to God and the people?
- In what ways does Nehemiah seek God's favor in this chapter?
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