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Romans 1

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1Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, set apart for the Good News of God, 2which he promised before through his prophets in the holy Scriptures, 3concerning his Son, who was born of the offspring of David according to the flesh, 4who was declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5through whom we received grace and apostleship, for obedience of faith among all the nations, for his name’s sake; 6among whom you are also called to belong to Jesus Christ; 7to all who are in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 8First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, that your faith is proclaimed throughout the whole world. 9For God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the Good News of his Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you always in my prayers, 10requesting, if by any means now at last I may be prospered by the will of God to come to you. 11For I long to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift, to the end that you may be established; 12that is, that I with you may be encouraged in you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine. 13Now I don’t desire to have you unaware, brothers, that I often planned to come to you, and was hindered so far, that I might have some fruit among you also, even as among the rest of the Gentiles. 14I am debtor both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15So, as much as is in me, I am eager to preach the Good News to you also who are in Rome. 16For I am not ashamed of the Good News of Christ, because it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes; for the Jew first, and also for the Greek. 17For in it is revealed God’s righteousness from faith to faith. As it is written, “But the righteous shall live by faith.” 18For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness, 19because that which is known of God is revealed in them, for God revealed it to them. 20For the invisible things of him since the creation of the world are clearly seen, being perceived through the things that are made, even his everlasting power and divinity; that they may be without excuse. 21Because, knowing God, they didn’t glorify him as God, neither gave thanks, but became vain in their reasoning, and their senseless heart was darkened. 22Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, 23and traded the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and four-footed animals, and creeping things. 24Therefore God also gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to uncleanness, that their bodies should be dishonored among themselves; 25who exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen. 26For this reason, God gave them up to vile passions. For their women changed the natural function into that which is against nature. 27Likewise also the men, leaving the natural function of the woman, burned in their lust toward one another, men doing what is inappropriate with men, and receiving in themselves the due penalty of their error. 28Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting; 29being filled with all unrighteousness, sexual immorality, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil habits, secret slanderers, 30backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31without understanding, covenant breakers, without natural affection, unforgiving, unmerciful; 32who, knowing the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but also approve of those who practice them.

World English Bible (public domain)

"For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek."

Romans 1:16

Summary

In Romans 1, Paul introduces himself as a servant of Christ Jesus, called as an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God. He highlights the good news about Jesus, who was declared the Son of God in power by his resurrection. Paul expresses his desire to visit the Roman believers to impart spiritual gifts and to be mutually encouraged by their faith. His eagerness to preach the gospel underlines the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, both Jews and Gentiles. Paul moves on to describe the wrath of God revealed against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth. He explains that God's invisible qualities and divine nature have been clearly perceived through creation, leaving humanity without excuse. Despite knowing God, people turned to worship created things instead, leading to a decline into various sins and moral corruption. The chapter concludes with a sobering account of the consequences of abandoning God. Due to this turning away, God gave them over to degrading passions and a depraved mind. The list of sins culminates in a society that not only practices wickedness but also approves of those who do the same. This serves as a powerful critique of humanity's rebellion against God’s truth and the resultant moral decay.

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Chapter outline

How Romans 1 unfolds

  1. Romans 1:1–7 Paul's Introduction and Greeting

    Paul introduces himself as a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, expressing gratitude for the faith of the Roman believers and extending grace and peace to them.

  2. Romans 1:8–15 Desire to Visit Rome

    Paul shares his longing to visit the Roman church, hoping to impart spiritual gifts and be encouraged by their mutual faith.

  3. Romans 1:16–17 The Power of the Gospel

    Paul asserts he is unashamed of the gospel, describing it as the power of God for salvation, revealing God's righteousness from faith.

  4. Romans 1:18–23 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness

    The text shifts to describe God's wrath against those who suppress truth, highlighting the moral decline resulting from rejecting God.

  5. Romans 1:24–32 Consequences of Rebellion

    Paul details the consequences of humanity's rejection of God, including degrading passions and a list of various sins practiced and approved by society.

Key verses

  • Romans 1:16Romans 1:16 encapsulates the chapter's message about the Gospel's essential role in salvation.

Main themes in Romans 1

Gospel power

The theme of Gospel power appears in Paul's assertion that it is the power of God for salvation in verses 16-17. This power is accessible to everyone who believes, emphasizing faith's role in receiving salvation. Within the larger context, this underscores the transformative nature of the Gospel amidst human sinfulness.

Human sinfulness

Human sinfulness is vividly portrayed in Romans 1 through the descriptions of moral decay and rebellion against God's standards, particularly in verses 21-32. Paul illustrates a downward spiral where people exchange the truth of God for lies, leading to a variety of immoral behaviors. This portrayal emphasizes the depth of human depravity and underscores the urgent need for the Gospel, which offers salvation from such sinfulness.

Divine wrath

The theme of divine wrath emerges prominently in verse 18, where Paul asserts that God's anger is revealed against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people. The chapter explains that this wrath is a direct response to humanity's deliberate suppression of the truth, indicating that rejection of God has serious consequences. By detailing the nature of divine wrath, Paul stresses the gravity of sin and the imperative for humanity to seek redemption.

Revelation of God through creation

The revelation of God through creation is articulated in Romans 1, particularly in verses 19-20, where Paul affirms that God's invisible qualities are clearly seen in the world around us. This universal revelation leaves humanity without excuse, as they can perceive God's power and divine nature through creation itself. It serves to highlight the expectation that such knowledge should result in worship and reverence, rather than leading to idolatry.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Romans 1

Study questions

Questions for studying Romans 1

  1. What does Paul call himself in the opening verse?
  2. How does Paul describe his relationship with the Roman believers?
  3. What is the significance of the gospel according to verse 16?
  4. What does Paul identify as the cause of God's wrath?
  5. What are some examples of the sins listed in this chapter?
  6. How does the chapter portray humanity's response to knowledge of God?
  7. What does the phrase 'God gave them up' indicate about divine judgment?

Romans 1: frequently asked questions

What is Romans 1 about?+
In Romans 1, Paul introduces himself as a servant of Christ Jesus, called as an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God. He highlights the good news about Jesus, who was declared the Son of God in power by his resurrection. Paul expresses his desire to visit the Roman believers to impart spiritual gifts and to be mutually encouraged by their faith. His eagerness to preach the gospel underlines the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, both Jews and Gentiles. Paul moves on to describe the wrath of God revealed against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth. He explains that God's invisible qualities and divine nature have been clearly perceived through creation, leaving humanity without excuse. Despite knowing God, people turned to worship created things instead, leading to a decline into various sins and moral corruption. The chapter concludes with a sobering account of the consequences of abandoning God. Due to this turning away, God gave them over to degrading passions and a depraved mind. The list of sins culminates in a society that not only practices wickedness but also approves of those who do the same. This serves as a powerful critique of humanity's rebellion against God’s truth and the resultant moral decay.
What is the key verse in Romans 1?+
Romans 1:16: "For I am not ashamed of the Good News of Christ, because it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes; for the Jew first, and also for the Greek."
What are the main themes of Romans 1?+
The main themes of Romans 1 are Gospel power, Human sinfulness, Divine wrath, Revelation of God through creation.

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