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2 Chronicles 28

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1Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. He didn’t do that which was right in Yahweh’s eyes, like David his father, 2but he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and also made molten images for the Baals. 3Moreover he burned incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burned his children in the fire, according to the abominations of the nations whom Yahweh cast out before the children of Israel. 4He sacrificed and burned incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree. 5Therefore Yahweh his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Syria. They struck him, and carried away from him a great multitude of captives, and brought them to Damascus. He was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who struck him with a great slaughter. 6For Pekah the son of Remaliah killed in Judah one hundred twenty thousand in one day, all of them valiant men, because they had forsaken Yahweh, the God of their fathers. 7Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, killed Maaseiah the king’s son, Azrikam the ruler of the house, and Elkanah who was next to the king. 8The children of Israel carried away captive of their brothers two hundred thousand, women, sons, and daughters, and took also away much plunder from them, and brought the plunder to Samaria. 9But a prophet of Yahweh was there, whose name was Oded; and he went out to meet the army that came to Samaria, and said to them, “Behold, because Yahweh, the God of your fathers, was angry with Judah, he has delivered them into your hand, and you have slain them in a rage which has reached up to heaven. 10Now you intend to degrade the children of Judah and Jerusalem as male and female slaves for yourselves. Aren’t there even with you trespasses of your own against Yahweh your God? 11Now hear me therefore, and send back the captives that you have taken captive from your brothers, for the fierce wrath of Yahweh is on you.” 12Then some of the heads of the children of Ephraim, Azariah the son of Johanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, Jehizkiah the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai, stood up against those who came from the war, 13and said to them, “You must not bring in the captives here, for you intend that which will bring on us a trespass against Yahweh, to add to our sins and to our guilt; for our guilt is great, and there is fierce wrath against Israel.” 14So the armed men left the captives and the plunder before the princes and all the assembly. 15The men who have been mentioned by name rose up and took the captives, and with the plunder clothed all who were naked among them, dressed them, gave them sandals, and gave them something to eat and to drink, anointed them, carried all the feeble of them on donkeys, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, to their brothers. Then they returned to Samaria. 16At that time king Ahaz sent to the kings of Assyria to help him. 17For again the Edomites had come and struck Judah, and carried away captives. 18The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the lowland, and of the South of Judah, and had taken Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco with its villages, Timnah with its villages, and also Gimzo and its villages; and they lived there. 19For Yahweh brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel, because he acted without restraint in Judah and trespassed severely against Yahweh. 20Tilgath Pilneser king of Assyria came to him, and gave him trouble, but didn’t strengthen him. 21For Ahaz took away a portion out of Yahweh’s house, and out of the house of the king and of the princes, and gave it to the king of Assyria; but it didn’t help him. 22In the time of his distress, he trespassed yet more against Yahweh, this same king Ahaz. 23For he sacrificed to the gods of Damascus, which struck him. He said, “Because the gods of the kings of Syria helped them, so I will sacrifice to them, that they may help me.” But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel. 24Ahaz gathered together the vessels of God’s house, and cut the vessels of God’s house in pieces, and shut up the doors of Yahweh’s house; and he made himself altars in every corner of Jerusalem. 25In every city of Judah he made high places to burn incense to other gods, and provoked Yahweh, the God of his fathers, to anger. 26Now the rest of his acts, and all his ways, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. 27Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem, because they didn’t bring him into the tombs of the kings of Israel; and Hezekiah his son reigned in his place.

World English Bible (public domain)

For the leaders of the people were many, and they sacrificed to the idols and caused Judah to sin.

2 Chronicles 28:23

Summary

2 Chronicles 28 recounts the reign of Ahaz, king of Judah, who exhibits a deliberate rejection of God's commands, leading the nation into spiritual chaos. Ahaz not only commits idolatry by sacrificing to pagan gods but also practices human sacrifice, even giving up his own son. As a result of his disobedience, Judah experiences military defeat and oppression from neighboring nations, including Israel, who captures a significant number of his people. This turmoil underscores the consequences of turning away from God and highlights the importance of faithfulness to His covenant. In the face of adversity, the chapter also illustrates the mercy of God, as the prophet Oded intervenes and persuades the captors to release their brethren, reminding them of the dangers of their own actions. This moment of grace emphasizes the theme of divine compassion despite human failures. The chapter closes with a reflection on Ahaz’s reign, noting that his choices led not only to personal downfall but also to the suffering of his people. Overall, 2 Chronicles 28 helps readers understand the theological significance of remaining steadfast in faith, the peril of idol worship, and the hope found in God's willingness to restore those who repent. The narrative serves as a cautionary tale of how straying from God's path invites chaos and suffering, while also highlighting His provision for redemption.

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Chapter outline

How 2 Chronicles 28 unfolds

  1. 2 Chronicles 28:1–3 Ahaz's Reign and Idolatry

    Ahaz becomes king at twenty and leads Judah into idolatry by making molten images and sacrificing children, particularly in the valley of Hinnom.

  2. 2 Chronicles 28:4–8 Consequences of Ahaz's Actions

    Due to Ahaz's unfaithfulness, Judah suffers military defeats, including significant loss of life and the capture of 200,000 people by Israel.

  3. 2 Chronicles 28:9–11 The Prophet Oded's Warning

    Oded warns the Israelite captors about their actions, urging them to return the captives to avoid provoking God’s wrath.

  4. 2 Chronicles 28:12–15 Compassion from Israel's Leaders

    Some leaders of Ephraim oppose the captors, leading to the care and return of the naked and needy captives to Jericho.

  5. 2 Chronicles 28:16–19 Ahaz's Appeal to Assyria

    In distress, Ahaz seeks help from Assyria amid further attacks from Edomites and Philistines, illustrating his reliance on foreign powers.

  6. 2 Chronicles 28:20–23 Ahaz's Continued Rebellion

    Instead of repenting, Ahaz sacrifices to the gods of Damascus, believing they would help him, but instead they lead to his ruin.

  7. 2 Chronicles 28:24–27 Ahaz's Legacy and Death

    Ahaz dismantles the temple's vessels and dies, not honored in burial, leaving a legacy of sin and turmoil for Judah.

Key verses

  • 2 Chronicles 28:23The key verse highlights the collective sin of Judah under Ahaz, emphasizing the community's responsibility in their disobedience.

Main themes in 2 Chronicles 28

Idolatry and its Consequences

Idolatry is prominently highlighted as Ahaz engages in worship of Baals and even sacrifices his children, actions detailed in verses 2-3. These grave offenses lead to dire consequences, including military defeats and the capture of many people from Judah, as seen in verses 5-8. The chapter serves as a stark reminder that turning away from God results in judgment and chaos, affecting not only the leader but the entire nation.

Divine Mercy and Intervention

The theme of divine mercy is illustrated through the intervention of Oded, who calls the Israelites to return the captives, as noted in verse 9. This act of compassion from God underscores that, despite the transgressions of Ahaz and Judah, there remains the opportunity for repentance and restoration. The chapter conveys that divine mercy actively works to counter human failures, providing hope even in times of impending judgment.

Leadership and Responsibility

Ahaz's poor leadership is a central focus, with the consequences of his actions leading to national suffering, as outlined in verses 19-20. His choices foster both spiritual decay and physical decline in Judah, highlighting the heavy burden of accountability that leaders carry. The chapter acts as a cautionary tale about the far-reaching effects of leadership decisions on the well-being of the community and the nation as a whole.

The Importance of Faithfulness to God

Faithfulness to God is a critical theme in this chapter, as Ahaz's unfaithfulness provokes divine anger, particularly noted in verse 19. The stark contrast between his actions and God's mercy towards the captives emphasizes the necessity of remaining steadfast to God's covenant. This chapter underscores that fidelity to God is vital for receiving His blessings and protection, reinforcing the importance of loyalty in the relationship between God and His people.

Cross-references

Passages that echo 2 Chronicles 28

Study questions

Questions for studying 2 Chronicles 28

  1. What actions did Ahaz take that were against Yahweh's commands?
  2. How did the prophet Oded influence the captors' decisions?
  3. What was the outcome of Ahaz's alliance with Assyria?
  4. How did the leaders of Ephraim respond to the situation with the captives?
  5. In what ways did Ahaz's reign affect the people of Judah?

2 Chronicles 28: frequently asked questions

What is 2 Chronicles 28 about?+
2 Chronicles 28 recounts the reign of Ahaz, king of Judah, who exhibits a deliberate rejection of God's commands, leading the nation into spiritual chaos. Ahaz not only commits idolatry by sacrificing to pagan gods but also practices human sacrifice, even giving up his own son. As a result of his disobedience, Judah experiences military defeat and oppression from neighboring nations, including Israel, who captures a significant number of his people. This turmoil underscores the consequences of turning away from God and highlights the importance of faithfulness to His covenant. In the face of adversity, the chapter also illustrates the mercy of God, as the prophet Oded intervenes and persuades the captors to release their brethren, reminding them of the dangers of their own actions. This moment of grace emphasizes the theme of divine compassion despite human failures. The chapter closes with a reflection on Ahaz’s reign, noting that his choices led not only to personal downfall but also to the suffering of his people. Overall, 2 Chronicles 28 helps readers understand the theological significance of remaining steadfast in faith, the peril of idol worship, and the hope found in God's willingness to restore those who repent. The narrative serves as a cautionary tale of how straying from God's path invites chaos and suffering, while also highlighting His provision for redemption.
What is the key verse in 2 Chronicles 28?+
2 Chronicles 28:23: "For he sacrificed to the gods of Damascus, which struck him. He said, “Because the gods of the kings of Syria helped them, so I will sacrifice to them, that they may help me.” But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel."
What are the main themes of 2 Chronicles 28?+
The main themes of 2 Chronicles 28 are Idolatry and its Consequences, Divine Mercy and Intervention, Leadership and Responsibility, The Importance of Faithfulness to God.

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Study Notes