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Job 21

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1Then Job answered, 2“Listen diligently to my speech. Let this be your consolation. 3Allow me, and I also will speak; After I have spoken, mock on. 4As for me, is my complaint to man? Why shouldn’t I be impatient? 5Look at me, and be astonished. Lay your hand on your mouth. 6When I remember, I am troubled. Horror takes hold of my flesh. 7“Why do the wicked live, become old, yes, and grow mighty in power? 8Their child is established with them in their sight, their offspring before their eyes. 9Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God upon them. 10Their bulls breed without fail. Their cows calve, and don’t miscarry. 11They send out their little ones like a flock. Their children dance. 12They sing to the tambourine and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the pipe. 13They spend their days in prosperity. In an instant they go down to Sheol. 14They tell God, ‘Depart from us, for we don’t want to know about your ways. 15What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? What profit should we have, if we pray to him?’ 16Behold, their prosperity is not in their hand. The counsel of the wicked is far from me. 17“How often is it that the lamp of the wicked is put out, that their calamity comes on them, that God distributes sorrows in his anger? 18How often is it that they are as stubble before the wind, as chaff that the storm carries away? 19You say, ‘God lays up his iniquity for his children.’ Let him recompense it to himself, that he may know it. 20Let his own eyes see his destruction. Let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty. 21For what does he care for his house after him, when the number of his months is cut off? 22“Shall any teach God knowledge, since he judges those who are high? 23One dies in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet. 24His pails are full of milk. The marrow of his bones is moistened. 25Another dies in bitterness of soul, and never tastes of good. 26They lie down alike in the dust. The worm covers them. 27“Behold, I know your thoughts, the plans with which you would wrong me. 28For you say, ‘Where is the house of the prince? Where is the tent in which the wicked lived?’ 29Haven’t you asked wayfaring men? Don’t you know their evidences, 30that the evil man is reserved to the day of calamity, That they are led out to the day of wrath? 31Who shall declare his way to his face? Who shall repay him what he has done? 32Yet he will be borne to the grave. Men shall keep watch over the tomb. 33The clods of the valley shall be sweet to him. All men shall draw after him, as there were innumerable before him. 34So how can you comfort me with nonsense, because in your answers there remains only falsehood?”

World English Bible (public domain)

"They spend their days in prosperity, and in peace they go down to Sheol."

Job 21:13

Summary

In Job chapter 21, Job responds to Zophar's previous speech, challenging the simplistic notion that the wicked are always punished and the righteous are always rewarded in this life. Job observes that the wicked often live long and prosperous lives, dying peacefully without experiencing the calamities that his friends insist inevitably follow unrighteous living. This discrepancy perplexes Job and highlights the limited human understanding of divine justice. Throughout his speech, Job continues to wrestle with the idea of God's justice, expressing frustration at the seeming prosperity of the wicked and questioning the assertion that suffering is an indication of divine displeasure. Job ultimately desires for his friends to critically and fairly consider the complexities of life rather than adhering strictly to their retributive theology.

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Chapter outline

How Job 21 unfolds

  1. Job 21:1–6 Job's challenge to his friends

    Job begins by asking his friends to listen to him, insisting on speaking freely about his feelings. He expresses his impatience and the horror he feels when reflecting on his situation.

  2. Job 21:7–16 Observations on the wicked

    Job questions why the wicked seem to prosper, living long and enjoying prosperity without fear of God. He highlights their carefree lives, contrasting their apparent security with his own suffering.

  3. Job 21:17–26 The fate of the wicked

    Job reflects on the notion that calamity can strike the wicked unexpectedly. He challenges the belief that their iniquities will be passed onto their children, emphasizing that both the wicked and righteous ultimately face death.

  4. Job 21:27–34 A critique of simplistic theology

    Job asserts that his friends' comforting words are based on falsehoods and fails to address his suffering. He urges them to recognize the complexity of life instead of relying on simplistic retributive theology.

Key verses

  • Job 21:13Job 21:13 encapsulates the chapter's focus on the troubling prosperity of the wicked amidst Job's own suffering.

Main themes in Job 21

divine justice

The theme of divine justice surfaces in verses 7-8, where Job questions the reality of the wicked's prosperity and longevity. Throughout the chapter, Job depicts a world where the wicked thrive, complicating the friends' belief in strict divine retribution. This sets the stage for a profound exploration of justice that challenges conventional understandings.

prosperity of the wicked

Job's observations in verses 7-13 reflect the prosperity of the wicked, who seem untroubled while he suffers. The chapter develops this theme by contrasting Job's bleak reality with the seemingly happy lives of the wicked, highlighting a troubling aspect of existence. This prompts readers to reconsider the simplistic equation of righteousness and reward.

mystery of suffering

The mystery of suffering is evident throughout Job's lament, particularly in verses 13-15, where he reflects on the ease of the wicked's lives. Job's speech reveals that suffering cannot be easily attributed to personal failings or divine punishment, deepening the enigma of human suffering. This intricacy invites a more nuanced understanding of pain and its place in life.

human understanding of God

In Job 21, Job's questioning of God's justice is prominently featured in verses 22-23, where he directly confronts the disparity between the fates of the righteous and the wicked. The chapter develops this theme as Job articulates his bewilderment over the seeming prosperity of the wicked, despite their wrongdoings, while the innocent face suffering. This exploration invites readers to engage with the complexities of faith, emphasizing that human understanding of divine wisdom is often limited and fraught with challenges.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Job 21

Study questions

Questions for studying Job 21

  1. What specific question does Job pose about the fate of the wicked in verse 7?
  2. How does Job describe the life experiences of the wicked in verses 12-13?
  3. In what ways does Job challenge his friends' beliefs about God's justice?
  4. What does Job imply about the afterlife in verses 22-26?
  5. How do Job's observations complicate the traditional views presented by his friends?
  6. What does Job ultimately desire from his friends in his closing remarks?

Job 21: frequently asked questions

What is Job 21 about?+
In Job chapter 21, Job responds to Zophar's previous speech, challenging the simplistic notion that the wicked are always punished and the righteous are always rewarded in this life. Job observes that the wicked often live long and prosperous lives, dying peacefully without experiencing the calamities that his friends insist inevitably follow unrighteous living. This discrepancy perplexes Job and highlights the limited human understanding of divine justice. Throughout his speech, Job continues to wrestle with the idea of God's justice, expressing frustration at the seeming prosperity of the wicked and questioning the assertion that suffering is an indication of divine displeasure. Job ultimately desires for his friends to critically and fairly consider the complexities of life rather than adhering strictly to their retributive theology.
What is the key verse in Job 21?+
Job 21:13: ""They spend their days in prosperity, and in peace they go down to Sheol.""
What are the main themes of Job 21?+
The main themes of Job 21 are divine justice, prosperity of the wicked, mystery of suffering, human understanding of God.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Job 21

Study Notes