ScriptureDepth

Judges 21

Read Judges 21 (WEB)+

1Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah, saying, “None of us will give his daughter to Benjamin as a wife.” 2The people came to Bethel, and sat there until evening before God, and lifted up their voices, and wept severely. 3They said, “Yahweh, the God of Israel, why has this happened in Israel, that there should be one tribe lacking in Israel today?” 4On the next day, the people rose early, and built an altar there, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. 5The children of Israel said, “Who is there among all the tribes of Israel who didn’t come up in the assembly to Yahweh?” For they had made a great oath concerning him who didn’t come up to Yahweh to Mizpah, saying, “He shall surely be put to death.” 6The children of Israel grieved for Benjamin their brother, and said, “There is one tribe cut off from Israel today. 7How shall we provide wives for those who remain, since we have sworn by Yahweh that we will not give them of our daughters to wives?” 8They said, “What one is there of the tribes of Israel who didn’t come up to Yahweh to Mizpah?” Behold, no one came from Jabesh Gilead to the camp to the assembly. 9For when the people were counted, behold, there were none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead there. 10The congregation sent twelve thousand of the most valiant men there, and commanded them, saying, “Go and strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, with the women and the little ones. 11This is the thing that you shall do: you shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman who has lain with a man.” 12They found among the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead four hundred young virgins, who had not known man by lying with him; and they brought them to the camp to Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan. 13The whole congregation sent and spoke to the children of Benjamin who were in the rock of Rimmon, and proclaimed peace to them. 14Benjamin returned at that time; and they gave them the women whom they had saved alive of the women of Jabesh Gilead. There still weren’t enough for them. 15The people grieved for Benjamin, because Yahweh had made a breach in the tribes of Israel. 16Then the elders of the congregation said, “How shall we provide wives for those who remain, since the women are destroyed out of Benjamin?” 17They said, “There must be an inheritance for those who are escaped of Benjamin, that a tribe not be blotted out from Israel. 18However we may not give them wives of our daughters, for the children of Israel had sworn, saying, ‘Cursed is he who gives a wife to Benjamin.’” 19They said, “Behold, there is a feast of Yahweh from year to year in Shiloh, which is on the north of Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah.” 20They commanded the children of Benjamin, saying, “Go and lie in wait in the vineyards, 21and see, and behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in the dances, then come out of the vineyards, and each man catch his wife of the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin. 22It shall be, when their fathers or their brothers come to complain to us, that we will say to them, ‘Grant them graciously to us, because we didn’t take for each man his wife in battle, neither did you give them to them, otherwise you would now be guilty.’” 23The children of Benjamin did so, and took wives for themselves, according to their number, of those who danced, whom they carried off. They went and returned to their inheritance, built the cities, and lived in them. 24The children of Israel departed from there at that time, every man to his tribe and to his family, and they each went out from there to his own inheritance. 25In those days there was no king in Israel. Everyone did that which was right in his own eyes.

World English Bible (public domain)

And the people of Israel had compassion for Benjamin their brother and said, "One tribe is cut off from Israel this day."

Judges 21:6

Summary

Judges chapter 21 recounts a troubling episode in the aftermath of Israel's civil war against the tribe of Benjamin. The other Israelite tribes mourn the near-extermination of Benjamin and vow not to give their daughters in marriage to them, leading to a dilemma. To remedy this situation, the Israelites devise a plan to provide wives for the remaining Benjamites. They first seek the people of Jabesh-gilead, who had not participated in the conflict, and strike down the city as punishment for their absence, bringing back women captives. Finding the number insufficient, the Israelites then devise a further plan that involves a festival at Shiloh where Benjaminite men are instructed to abduct women during the dance to secure wives. This chapter illustrates themes of desperation, the consequences of sin, and the struggle of God’s people to adhere to covenant fidelity, even amidst chaos and disobedience. The overall theological significance is the demonstration of God's sovereignty and the need for repentance and realignment with divine order—in contrast to the moral decay evident in the actions of the Israelites.

Go deeper

Ask the AI about Judges 21

Bring your question about the chapter, the key verse, or how this passage fits the rest of Scripture.

Ask the AI about Judges 21

Daily Scripture study

Get a short devotional by email

One passage, one reflection, and one practical question for the day.

Subscribe free and instantly get “Depth Without Seminary” — our step-by-step study guide (PDF).

One short email each morning. Unsubscribe anytime.

Studying Judges with a print Bible beside you? See our picks for the best study Bibles for beginners.

Chapter outline

How Judges 21 unfolds

  1. Judges 21:1–2 The Oath Against Benjamin

    The men of Israel vow not to give their daughters to the tribe of Benjamin, expressing their collective grief.

  2. Judges 21:3–5 Seeking God’s Guidance

    The Israelites mourn before God, questioning why one tribe is now lacking in Israel, which leads them to seek a solution.

  3. Judges 21:6–8 Grief for Benjamin

    The people express deep sorrow for Benjamin, realizing the implications of their oath and wanting to help.

  4. Judges 21:9–14 The Destruction of Jabesh-Gilead

    The Israelites discover that Jabesh-Gilead did not participate in the assembly, leading to a decision to attack and kill its inhabitants.

  5. Judges 21:15–18 Finding Wives for Benjamin

    The elders discuss how to ensure the survival of the tribe of Benjamin while adhering to their oath not to give their daughters.

  6. Judges 21:19–22 The Plan at Shiloh

    A suggestion is made to allow the Benjamites to seize wives during a festival at Shiloh, creating a loophole around their vow.

  7. Judges 21:23–25 The Completion of the Plan

    The Benjamites successfully take wives from the festival, and the chapter concludes with a grim reminder of Israel's moral state.

Key verses

  • Judges 21:6Judges 21:6 captures the Israelites' compassion for Benjamin, framing the chapter's tension and their struggle for community.

Main themes in Judges 21

Desperation for Redemption

This theme is evident in verses 6-8 as the Israelites express deep grief over the near destruction of the tribe of Benjamin. Their sorrow leads them to urgently seek a way to ensure the survival of this tribe by finding wives for the remaining men. This desperation illustrates the tension between their previous vows and the pressing need for redemption, emphasizing the fragile state of their community and their commitment to restore what was nearly lost.

Consequences of Sin

The consequences of sin are starkly illustrated in verses 10-11 when the Israelites resolve to destroy Jabesh-Gilead due to their non-participation in the civil conflict. This decision reveals the severe repercussions that arise from their earlier actions and the oaths taken in the heat of battle. The chapter underscores how the cycle of sin not only leads to further violence but also fosters a moral decay that threatens the fabric of their society.

Moral Decay

Moral decay is starkly seen in verses 19-23, where abduction is suggested as a solution to the lack of wives for Benjamin. The willingness to resort to such actions highlights the chaotic moral state of Israel. This decay serves as a backdrop for the need for divine order amidst their struggles.

Divine Sovereignty

Divine sovereignty is subtly highlighted in verses 1-3 as the Israelites turn to God for guidance regarding their troubling situation. Their prayerful acknowledgment of Yahweh’s authority reveals an underlying understanding of His role in their national struggles. The chapter ultimately illustrates that God remains sovereign even amid Israel's chaotic and often misguided decisions, reminding the readers of His persistent influence over the unfolding events.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Judges 21

Study questions

Questions for studying Judges 21

  1. What was the significance of the oath sworn by the men of Israel?
  2. How did the Israelites express their grief for Benjamin in this chapter?
  3. What actions did the Israelites take against Jabesh-Gilead and why?
  4. How did the festival at Shiloh provide a solution for the Benjamites?
  5. What does the last verse reveal about the state of Israel during this time?
  6. How does the chapter illustrate the consequences of the previous civil war?

Judges 21: frequently asked questions

What is Judges 21 about?+
Judges chapter 21 recounts a troubling episode in the aftermath of Israel's civil war against the tribe of Benjamin. The other Israelite tribes mourn the near-extermination of Benjamin and vow not to give their daughters in marriage to them, leading to a dilemma. To remedy this situation, the Israelites devise a plan to provide wives for the remaining Benjamites. They first seek the people of Jabesh-gilead, who had not participated in the conflict, and strike down the city as punishment for their absence, bringing back women captives. Finding the number insufficient, the Israelites then devise a further plan that involves a festival at Shiloh where Benjaminite men are instructed to abduct women during the dance to secure wives. This chapter illustrates themes of desperation, the consequences of sin, and the struggle of God’s people to adhere to covenant fidelity, even amidst chaos and disobedience. The overall theological significance is the demonstration of God's sovereignty and the need for repentance and realignment with divine order—in contrast to the moral decay evident in the actions of the Israelites.
What is the key verse in Judges 21?+
Judges 21:6: "The children of Israel grieved for Benjamin their brother, and said, “There is one tribe cut off from Israel today."
What are the main themes of Judges 21?+
The main themes of Judges 21 are Desperation for Redemption, Consequences of Sin, Moral Decay, Divine Sovereignty.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Judges 21

Study Notes