Judges 20
Read Judges 20 (WEB)+
1Then all the children of Israel went out, and the congregation was assembled as one man, from Dan even to Beersheba, with the land of Gilead, to Yahweh at Mizpah. 2The chiefs of all the people, even of all the tribes of Israel, presented themselves in the assembly of the people of God, four hundred thousand footmen who drew sword. 3(Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel had gone up to Mizpah.) The children of Israel said, “Tell us, how did this wickedness happen?” 4The Levite, the husband of the woman who was murdered, answered, “I came into Gibeah that belongs to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to spend the night. 5The men of Gibeah rose against me, and surrounded the house by night. They intended to kill me, and they raped my concubine, and she is dead. 6I took my concubine, and cut her in pieces, and sent her throughout all the country of the inheritance of Israel; for they have committed lewdness and folly in Israel. 7Behold, you children of Israel, all of you, give here your advice and counsel.” 8All the people arose as one man, saying, “None of us will go to his tent, neither will any of us turn to his house. 9But now this is the thing which we will do to Gibeah: we will go up against it by lot; 10and we will take ten men of one hundred throughout all the tribes of Israel, and one hundred of one thousand, and a thousand out of ten thousand, to get food for the people, that they may do, when they come to Gibeah of Benjamin, according to all the folly that they have worked in Israel.” 11So all the men of Israel were gathered against the city, knit together as one man. 12The tribes of Israel sent men through all the tribe of Benjamin, saying, “What wickedness is this that has happened among you? 13Now therefore deliver up the men, the wicked fellows, who are in Gibeah, that we may put them to death, and put away evil from Israel.” But Benjamin would not listen to the voice of their brothers the children of Israel. 14The children of Benjamin gathered themselves together out of the cities to Gibeah, to go out to battle against the children of Israel. 15The children of Benjamin were counted on that day out of the cities twenty-six thousand men who drew the sword, besides the inhabitants of Gibeah, who were counted seven hundred chosen men. 16Among all these soldiers there were seven hundred chosen men who were left-handed. Every one of them could sling a stone at a hair and not miss. 17The men of Israel, besides Benjamin, were counted four hundred thousand men who drew sword. All these were men of war. 18The children of Israel arose, went up to Bethel, and asked counsel of God. They asked, “Who shall go up for us first to battle against the children of Benjamin?” Yahweh said, “Judah first.” 19The children of Israel rose up in the morning, and encamped against Gibeah. 20The men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; and the men of Israel set the battle in array against them at Gibeah. 21The children of Benjamin came out of Gibeah, and on that day destroyed twenty-two thousand of the Israelite men down to the ground. 22The people, the men of Israel, encouraged themselves, and set the battle again in array in the place where they set themselves in array the first day. 23The children of Israel went up and wept before Yahweh until evening; and they asked of Yahweh, saying, “Shall I again draw near to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother?” Yahweh said, “Go up against him.” 24The children of Israel came near against the children of Benjamin the second day. 25Benjamin went out against them out of Gibeah the second day, and destroyed down to the ground of the children of Israel again eighteen thousand men. All these drew the sword. 26Then all the children of Israel, and all the people, went up, and came to Bethel, and wept, and sat there before Yahweh, and fasted that day until evening; then they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before Yahweh. 27The children of Israel asked Yahweh (for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days, 28and Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, stood before it in those days), saying, “Shall I yet again go out to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother, or shall I cease?” Yahweh said, “Go up; for tomorrow I will deliver him into your hand.” 29Israel set ambushes all around Gibeah. 30The children of Israel went up against the children of Benjamin on the third day, and set themselves in array against Gibeah, as at other times. 31The children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were drawn away from the city; and they began to strike and kill of the people, as at other times, in the highways, of which one goes up to Bethel, and the other to Gibeah, in the field, about thirty men of Israel. 32The children of Benjamin said, “They are struck down before us, as at the first.” But the children of Israel said, “Let us flee, and draw them away from the city to the highways.” 33All the men of Israel rose up out of their place, and set themselves in array at Baal Tamar. Then the ambushers of Israel broke out of their place, even out of Maareh Geba. 34Ten thousand chosen men out of all Israel came over against Gibeah, and the battle was severe; but they didn’t know that disaster was close to them. 35Yahweh struck Benjamin before Israel; and the children of Israel destroyed of Benjamin that day twenty-five thousand one hundred men. All these drew the sword. 36So the children of Benjamin saw that they were struck; for the men of Israel yielded to Benjamin, because they trusted the ambushers whom they had set against Gibeah. 37The ambushers hurried, and rushed on Gibeah; then the ambushers spread out, and struck all the city with the edge of the sword. 38Now the appointed sign between the men of Israel and the ambushers was that they should make a great cloud of smoke rise up out of the city. 39The men of Israel turned in the battle, and Benjamin began to strike and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons; for they said, “Surely they are struck down before us, as in the first battle.” 40But when the cloud began to arise up out of the city in a pillar of smoke, the Benjamites looked behind them; and behold, the whole city went up in smoke to the sky. 41The men of Israel turned, and the men of Benjamin were dismayed; for they saw that disaster had come on them. 42Therefore they turned their backs before the men of Israel to the way of the wilderness; but the battle followed hard after them; and those who came out of the cities destroyed them in the middle of it. 43They surrounded the Benjamites, chased them, and trod them down at their resting place, as far as near Gibeah toward the sunrise. 44Eighteen thousand men of Benjamin fell; all these were men of valor. 45They turned and fled toward the wilderness to the rock of Rimmon; and they gleaned five thousand men of them in the highways, and followed hard after them to Gidom, and struck two thousand men of them. 46So that all who fell that day of Benjamin were twenty-five thousand men who drew the sword. All these were men of valor. 47But six hundred men turned and fled toward the wilderness to the rock of Rimmon, and stayed in the rock of Rimmon four months. 48The men of Israel turned again on the children of Benjamin, and struck them with the edge of the sword, both the entire city, and the livestock, and all that they found. Moreover all the cities which they found they set on fire.
World English Bible (public domain)
“And the people of Israel went up and wept before the Lord until evening. And they asked of the Lord, 'Shall we go up again to battle against our brothers, the people of Benjamin?' And the Lord said, 'Go up against them.'”
Judges 20:23
Summary
Judges chapter 20 recounts a troubling episode in Israel's history, where the tribe of Benjamin faces a grave crisis after a horrific crime is committed against a Levite's concubine in Gibeah. The Levite discloses the incident to the rest of Israel, prompting the other tribes to assemble. They demand justice against the men of Gibeah, but Benjamin refuses to deliver up the offenders, leading to conflict. After two devastating defeats, the Israelites seek the Lord's guidance, resulting in a decisive strategy that ultimately leads to the near annihilation of the tribe of Benjamin. This chapter reflects the themes of justice, communal responsibility, and the consequences of moral decay when leaders and people stray from God's commands. It serves as a stark reminder of the importance of collective accountability in addressing sin and maintaining righteousness in the community.
Go deeper
Ask the AI about Judges 20
Bring your question about the chapter, the key verse, or how this passage fits the rest of Scripture.
Daily Scripture study
Get a short devotional by email
One passage, one reflection, and one practical question for the day.
Subscribe free and instantly get “Depth Without Seminary” — our step-by-step study guide (PDF).
One short email each morning. Unsubscribe anytime.
Studying Judges with a print Bible beside you? See our picks for the best study Bibles for women.
Chapter outline
How Judges 20 unfolds
Judges 20:1–4 Israel Assembles at Mizpah
The tribes of Israel gather at Mizpah, united in purpose to address a grave injustice. They aim to seek counsel regarding the violence that occurred in Gibeah.
Judges 20:5–13 The Levite's Account of Crime
The Levite recounts the brutal murder of his concubine, conveying the horror of the events in Gibeah. He calls for accountability from the tribe of Benjamin, demanding the surrender of the offenders.
Judges 20:14–21 Conflict Begins with Benjamin
Benjamin refuses to hand over the perpetrators, leading to an armed conflict. The first battle results in significant losses for the Israelites, demonstrating the harshness of the situation.
Judges 20:22–28 Seeking God’s Guidance
After facing defeat, Israel seeks God's guidance at Bethel, demonstrating their reliance on divine direction. God instructs them to continue the fight against Benjamin.
Judges 20:29–39 Ambush Strategy Unfolds
The Israelites devise a strategic ambush around Gibeah, aiming to exploit the Benjamites’ overconfidence in battle. Smoke rising from the city signals their attack.
Judges 20:40–48 Decisive Victory and Devastation
The ambush leads to a crushing defeat for Benjamin, resulting in massive loss of life. The Israelites annihilate the city and its inhabitants, highlighting the drastic consequences of the conflict.
Key verses
Judges 20:23Judges 20:23 encapsulates the chapter's theme of seeking divine guidance in times of crisis and conflict.
Main themes in Judges 20
justice and accountability
The theme of justice and accountability emerges as the tribes of Israel demand retribution for the crime committed in Gibeah, seen in verses 12-13. The collective response of the Israelites underscores the importance of addressing sin within the community. This theme drives the narrative, as their pursuit of justice leads to serious conflict.
moral decline
Moral decline is evident in the horrific events leading to the conflict, particularly in the treatment of the Levite’s concubine in verses 5-6. The Israelites' response reflects a communal desire for justice, yet it also exposes the depths of corruption within their society. This decline emphasizes the need for accountability and restoration within Israel.
divine guidance in conflict
Divine guidance in conflict is evident when the Israelites gather at Bethel to seek God's counsel, especially in verses 18 and 27-28. This act of asking for direction highlights a crucial element of leadership in Israel, particularly during a time of chaos and moral uncertainty. As the chapter unfolds, the emphasis on seeking divine guidance reveals its importance in addressing serious communal and ethical dilemmas faced by the nation.
the consequences of sin
The consequences of sin are starkly illustrated in the violent repercussions faced by the tribe of Benjamin, particularly in verses 35-46. The conflict began with a grave sin and escalated to near-total destruction for Benjamin. This outcome serves as a warning about the far-reaching effects of wrongdoing within the community.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Judges 20
- Judges 19Judges 20 directly connects to Judges 19, as it recounts the initial crime that sparked the conflict among the tribes.
- Joshua 8The battle strategies in Joshua 8 echo similar themes of ambush and divine guidance in military conflict.
- Judges 21Judges 21 continues the narrative by addressing the aftermath of the conflict, highlighting the survival of the Benjamites.
- 1 Samuel 30The pursuit and recovery of the captives in 1 Samuel 30 resonates with themes of communal responsibility and justice.
- Joel 2Joel 2 connects through themes of repentance and divine intervention, reflecting the need for national accountability.
- Judges 8Judges 8 relates as it exhibits God's involvement in Israel's military endeavors, similar to the reliance seen in Judges 20.
Study questions
Questions for studying Judges 20
- What unites the tribes of Israel at Mizpah in Judges 20?
- How does the Levite’s account impact the response of Israel?
- What was Benjamin's initial reaction to the demand for justice?
- What instruction does God provide to the Israelites regarding battle?
- How does the ambush plan illustrate the theme of divine guidance?
- What were the consequences of the battle for the tribe of Benjamin?
Judges 20: frequently asked questions
What is Judges 20 about?+
What is the key verse in Judges 20?+
What are the main themes of Judges 20?+
Related chapters