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Judges 8

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1The men of Ephraim said to him, “Why have you treated us this way, that you didn’t call us when you went to fight with Midian?” They rebuked him sharply. 2He said to them, “What have I now done in comparison with you? Isn’t the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer? 3God has delivered into your hand the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb! What was I able to do in comparison with you?” Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that. 4Gideon came to the Jordan, and passed over, he, and the three hundred men who were with him, faint, yet pursuing. 5He said to the men of Succoth, “Please give loaves of bread to the people who follow me; for they are faint, and I am pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, the kings of Midian.” 6The princes of Succoth said, “Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand, that we should give bread to your army?” 7Gideon said, “Therefore when Yahweh has delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into my hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers.” 8He went up there to Penuel, and spoke to them in the same way; and the men of Penuel answered him as the men of Succoth had answered. 9He spoke also to the men of Penuel, saying, “When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower.” 10Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their armies with them, about fifteen thousand men, all who were left of all the army of the children of the east; for there fell one hundred twenty thousand men who drew sword. 11Gideon went up by the way of those who lived in tents on the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and struck the army; for the army was secure. 12Zebah and Zalmunna fled; and he pursued them. He took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and confused all the army. 13Gideon the son of Joash returned from the battle from the ascent of Heres. 14He caught a young man of the men of Succoth, and inquired of him: and he described for him the princes of Succoth, and its elders, seventy-seven men. 15He came to the men of Succoth, and said, “See Zebah and Zalmunna, concerning whom you taunted me, saying, ‘Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand, that we should give bread to your men who are weary?’” 16He took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth. 17He broke down the tower of Penuel, and killed the men of the city. 18Then he said to Zebah and Zalmunna, “What kind of men were they whom you killed at Tabor?” They answered, “They were like you. Each one resembled the children of a king.” 19He said, “They were my brothers, the sons of my mother. As Yahweh lives, if you had saved them alive, I would not kill you.” 20He said to Jether his firstborn, “Get up, and kill them!” But the youth didn’t draw his sword; for he was afraid, because he was yet a youth. 21Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, “Rise and fall on us; for as the man is, so is his strength.” Gideon arose, and killed Zebah and Zalmunna, and took the crescents that were on their camels’ necks. 22Then the men of Israel said to Gideon, “Rule over us, both you, and your son, and your son’s son also; for you have saved us out of the hand of Midian.” 23Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you. Yahweh shall rule over you.” 24Gideon said to them, “I do have a request, that you would each give me the earrings of his plunder.” (For they had golden earrings, because they were Ishmaelites.) 25They answered, “We will willingly give them.” They spread a garment, and every man threw the earrings of his plunder into it. 26The weight of the golden earrings that he requested was one thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold, besides the crescents, and the pendants, and the purple clothing that was on the kings of Midian, and besides the chains that were about their camels’ necks. 27Gideon made an ephod out of it, and put it in Ophrah, his city. Then all Israel played the prostitute with it there; and it became a snare to Gideon, and to his house. 28So Midian was subdued before the children of Israel, and they lifted up their heads no more. The land had rest forty years in the days of Gideon. 29Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and lived in his own house. 30Gideon had seventy sons conceived from his body, for he had many wives. 31His concubine who was in Shechem also bore him a son, and he named him Abimelech. 32Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age, and was buried in the tomb of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the Abiezrites. 33As soon as Gideon was dead, the children of Israel turned again, and played the prostitute following the Baals, and made Baal Berith their god. 34The children of Israel didn’t remember Yahweh their God, who had delivered them out of the hand of all their enemies on every side; 35neither did they show kindness to the house of Jerubbaal, that is, Gideon, according to all the goodness which he had shown to Israel.

World English Bible (public domain)

And Gideon made an ephod of it and put it in his city, Ophrah, and all Israel whored after it there, and it became a snare to Gideon and to his family.

Judges 8:27

Summary

In Judges chapter 8, Gideon continues his military campaign against the Midianites, having already achieved a significant victory. After defeating the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna, Gideon confronts the Israelites who had previously questioned his leadership. He emphasizes God's sovereignty and the importance of not seeking glory for himself. The chapter also illustrates Gideon's humility and reliance on God as he refuses to take the kings' treasures for himself. Instead, he focuses on the redemption of Israel and the spiritual restoration of his people. Additionally, the chapter highlights the dangers of idolatry, as the people later turn toward the golden ephod that Gideon makes, leading to their eventual downfall. Ultimately, it serves as a reminder of God's providence and the need for faithful leadership and devotion to Him.

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Chapter outline

How Judges 8 unfolds

  1. Judges 8:1–3 Ephraim's Discontent

    The men of Ephraim confront Gideon, questioning why they were not called to battle. Gideon downplays his actions compared to their contributions, defusing their anger.

  2. Judges 8:4–9 Pursuing Midian

    Gideon and his 300 men continue their pursuit of the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna. He requests provisions from Succoth and Penuel, but they refuse.

  3. Judges 8:10–21 Defeating Zebah and Zalmunna

    Gideon surprises the Midianite forces and captures Zebah and Zalmunna, who mockingly request to be killed by him. Gideon obliges after revealing their past crimes.

  4. Judges 8:22–27 Refusal of Kingship and Idolatry

    The Israelites ask Gideon to rule over them, but he declines, stating that God alone is their ruler. He then makes an ephod from the spoils of war.

  5. Judges 8:28–32 Gideon's Legacy

    Midian is subdued for forty years under Gideon’s leadership, who has many sons but faces challenges in maintaining faithfulness after his death.

  6. Judges 8:33–35 Israel’s Apostasy

    After Gideon's death, Israel turns to Baal worship and forgets God's deliverance. This shift highlights their unfaithfulness and lack of gratitude.

Key verses

  • Judges 8:27Judges 8:27 encapsulates the chapter's themes of idolatry and the consequences of turning away from God.

Main themes in Judges 8

Divine Sovereignty

God's sovereignty is central in Gideon's victory over Midian, emphasized when Gideon attributes the victory to divine intervention in verses 2-3. The narrative complicates this theme through Gideon's later actions, as he creates an ephod that leads Israel into idolatry. This highlights the tension between human leadership and God's ultimate authority.

Leadership and Humility

Gideon's leadership is marked by humility as he declines the offer to rule Israel, asserting that Yahweh should lead in verse 23. This theme is complicated by his later creation of the ephod, indicating a failure to uphold true humility. It raises questions about the nature of leadership and the responsibility to guide others towards faithfulness.

Idolatry

Idolatry emerges when Gideon creates an ephod, leading Israel to worship it and forget Yahweh in verses 27-34. The chapter illustrates how even well-intentioned actions can lead to spiritual downfall, as Gideon’s ephod becomes a snare. It serves as a warning against turning to physical representations of faith rather than maintaining direct devotion to God.

The Consequences of Disobedience

The chapter highlights the consequences of disobedience as Israel quickly turns to idolatry after Gideon’s death in verses 33-35. This shift underscores the fragility of their allegiance to God and the cycle of sin they repeatedly experience. The narrative demonstrates that forgetting God's deeds leads to detrimental consequences for the community.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Judges 8

Study questions

Questions for studying Judges 8

  1. What prompts the men of Ephraim to confront Gideon?
  2. How does Gideon respond to Ephraim's anger in verses 1-3?
  3. What consequences does Gideon threaten the men of Succoth with?
  4. What does Gideon do with Zebah and Zalmunna after capturing them?
  5. Why does Gideon refuse to rule over Israel?
  6. What becomes of the ephod Gideon made, according to the chapter?
  7. How does Israel's behavior change after Gideon's death?

Judges 8: frequently asked questions

What is Judges 8 about?+
In Judges chapter 8, Gideon continues his military campaign against the Midianites, having already achieved a significant victory. After defeating the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna, Gideon confronts the Israelites who had previously questioned his leadership. He emphasizes God's sovereignty and the importance of not seeking glory for himself. The chapter also illustrates Gideon's humility and reliance on God as he refuses to take the kings' treasures for himself. Instead, he focuses on the redemption of Israel and the spiritual restoration of his people. Additionally, the chapter highlights the dangers of idolatry, as the people later turn toward the golden ephod that Gideon makes, leading to their eventual downfall. Ultimately, it serves as a reminder of God's providence and the need for faithful leadership and devotion to Him.
What is the key verse in Judges 8?+
Judges 8:27: "Gideon made an ephod out of it, and put it in Ophrah, his city. Then all Israel played the prostitute with it there; and it became a snare to Gideon, and to his house."
What are the main themes of Judges 8?+
The main themes of Judges 8 are Divine Sovereignty, Leadership and Humility, Idolatry, The Consequences of Disobedience.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Judges 8

Study Notes