ScriptureDepth's study of Judges 6
“Yahweh said to him, “Surely I will be with you, and you shall strike the Midianites as one man.”
Judges 6:16
Yahweh speaks to Gideon, assuring him of divine support, which sets in motion Gideon's mission to deliver Israel from the Midianites.
What Judges 6 is about
The children of Israel did evil, and Yahweh gave them into the hand of Midian for seven years (vv. 1-2). The Midianites destroyed Israel's crops and livestock, causing Israel to cry out to Yahweh for help (vv. 3-6). In response, Yahweh sent a prophet who reminded Israel of their past deliverance and their failure to listen to Him (vv. 7-10). Yahweh called Gideon while he was threshing wheat, telling him he would save Israel (vv. 11-16). Gideon asked for a sign to confirm the message. Yahweh provided a miraculous sign by consuming his offering with fire (vv. 17-24). That night, Yahweh commanded Gideon to destroy his father’s altar to Baal (vv. 25-32). Gideon gathered an army from surrounding tribes, performing a fleece test to confirm Yahweh’s promise of victory (vv. 33-40).
Yahweh assures Gideon of His presence, inspiring faith amid doubt and fear.
Judges 6 at a glance
- Judges 6:1–6Israel's Oppression by Midian
- Judges 6:7–10Prophet's Message to Israel
- Judges 6:11–16Gideon's Call
- Judges 6:17–24Gideon's Signs and Worship
- Judges 6:25–32Destruction of Baal's Altar
- Judges 6:33–40Gathering of Israel and Fleece Test
Key verse: Judges 6:16
One thing to notice
Gideon's hesitations are evident when he interacts with Yahweh's angel. In vv. 13, 15, and 17-18, Gideon expresses doubt, asking why Yahweh has abandoned Israel and requesting signs to confirm his mission. This pattern of questioning shows his struggle with accepting the divine call placed upon him.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Judges 6 (WEB)
Israel's Oppression by Midian Judges 6:1–6
1Verse 1. The children of Israel did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight: and Yahweh delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years. 2Verse 2. The hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made themselves the dens which are in the mountains, and the caves, and the strongholds. 3Verse 3. So it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites, the Amalekites, and the children of the east came up against them. 4Verse 4. They encamped against them, and destroyed the increase of the earth, until you come to Gaza. They left no sustenance in Israel, and no sheep, ox, or donkey.
5Verse 5. For they came up with their livestock and their tents. They came in as locusts for multitude. Both they and their camels were without number; and they came into the land to destroy it. 6Verse 6. Israel was brought very low because of Midian; and the children of Israel cried to Yahweh.
Prophet's Message to Israel Judges 6:7–10
7Verse 7. When the children of Israel cried to Yahweh because of Midian, 8Verse 8. Yahweh sent a prophet to the children of Israel; and he said to them, “Yahweh says, the God of Israel, ‘I brought you up from Egypt, and brought you out of the house of bondage. 9Verse 9. I delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all who oppressed you, and drove them out from before you, and gave you their land. 10Verse 10. I said to you, “I am Yahweh your God. You shall not fear the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you dwell.” But you have not listened to my voice.’”
Gideon's Call Judges 6:11–16
11Verse 11. Yahweh’s angel came, and sat under the oak which was in Ophrah, that belonged to Joash the Abiezrite. His son Gideon was beating out wheat in the wine press, to hide it from the Midianites. 12Verse 12. Yahweh’s angel appeared to him, and said to him, “Yahweh is with you, you mighty man of valor!” 13Verse 13. Gideon said to him, “Oh, my lord, if Yahweh is with us, why then has all this happened to us? Where are all his wondrous works which our fathers told us of, saying, ‘Didn’t Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’ But now Yahweh has cast us off, and delivered us into the hand of Midian.”
14Verse 14. Yahweh looked at him, and said, “Go in this your might, and save Israel from the hand of Midian. Haven’t I sent you?” 15Verse 15. He said to him, “O Lord, how shall I save Israel? Behold, my family is the poorest in Manasseh, and I am the least in my father’s house.” 16Verse 16. Yahweh said to him, “Surely I will be with you, and you shall strike the Midianites as one man.”
Gideon's Signs and Worship Judges 6:17–24
17Verse 17. He said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, then show me a sign that it is you who talk with me. 18Verse 18. Please don’t go away, until I come to you, and bring out my present, and lay it before you.” He said, “I will wait until you come back.” 19Verse 19. Gideon went in and prepared a young goat and unleavened cakes of an ephah of meal. He put the meat in a basket and he put the broth in a pot, and brought it out to him under the oak, and presented it. 20Verse 20. The angel of God said to him, “Take the meat and the unleavened cakes, and lay them on this rock, and pour out the broth.” He did so.
21Verse 21. Then Yahweh’s angel stretched out the end of the staff that was in his hand, and touched the meat and the unleavened cakes; and fire went up out of the rock, and consumed the meat and the unleavened cakes. Then Yahweh’s angel departed out of his sight. 22Verse 22. Gideon saw that he was Yahweh’s angel; and Gideon said, “Alas, Lord Yahweh! Because I have seen Yahweh’s angel face to face!” 23Verse 23. Yahweh said to him, “Peace be to you! Don’t be afraid. You shall not die.” 24Verse 24. Then Gideon built an altar there to Yahweh, and called it “Yahweh is Peace.” To this day it is still in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.
Destruction of Baal's Altar Judges 6:25–32
25Verse 25. That same night, Yahweh said to him, “Take your father’s bull, even the second bull seven years old, and throw down the altar of Baal that your father has, and cut down the Asherah that is by it. 26Verse 26. Then build an altar to Yahweh your God on the top of this stronghold, in an orderly way, and take the second bull, and offer a burnt offering with the wood of the Asherah which you shall cut down.” 27Verse 27. Then Gideon took ten men of his servants, and did as Yahweh had spoken to him. Because he feared his father’s household and the men of the city, he could not do it by day, but he did it by night.
28Verse 28. When the men of the city arose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah was cut down that was by it, and the second bull was offered on the altar that was built. 29Verse 29. They said to one another, “Who has done this thing?” When they inquired and asked, they said, “Gideon the son of Joash has done this thing.” 30Verse 30. Then the men of the city said to Joash, “Bring out your son, that he may die, because he has broken down the altar of Baal, and because he has cut down the Asherah that was by it.”
31Verse 31. Joash said to all who stood against him, “Will you contend for Baal? Or will you save him? He who will contend for him, let him be put to death by morning! If he is a god, let him contend for himself, because someone has broken down his altar!” 32Verse 32. Therefore on that day he named him Jerub-Baal, saying, “Let Baal contend against him, because he has broken down his altar.”
Gathering of Israel and Fleece Test Judges 6:33–40
33Verse 33. Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east assembled themselves together; and they passed over, and encamped in the valley of Jezreel. 34Verse 34. But Yahweh’s Spirit came on Gideon, and he blew a trumpet; and Abiezer was gathered together to follow him. 35Verse 35. He sent messengers throughout all Manasseh; and they also were gathered together to follow him. He sent messengers to Asher, and to Zebulun, and to Naphtali; and they came up to meet them. 36Verse 36. Gideon said to God, “If you will save Israel by my hand, as you have spoken, 37Verse 37. behold, I will put a fleece of wool on the threshing floor; if there is dew on the fleece only, and it is dry on all the ground, then shall I know that you will save Israel by my hand, as you have spoken.”
38Verse 38. It was so; for he rose up early on the next day, and pressed the fleece together, and wrung the dew out of the fleece, a bowl full of water. 39Verse 39. Gideon said to God, “Don’t let your anger be kindled against me, and I will speak but this once. Please let me make a trial just this once with the fleece. Let it now be dry only on the fleece, and on all the ground let there be dew.” 40Verse 40. God did so that night; for it was dry on the fleece only, and there was dew on all the ground.
World English Bible (public domain)
Go deeper
Ask the AI about Judges 6
Bring your question about the chapter, the key verse, or how this passage fits the rest of Scripture. Ask unlimited questions and keep study notes on every chapter. 7 days free, no card.
Main themes in Judges 6
Divine calling
Gideon's calling occurs in vv. 11-16 when 'Yahweh’s angel' finds him threshing wheat in a wine press. The angel addresses Gideon as a 'mighty man of valor' and commands him to save Israel from Midian. Though Gideon expresses doubt about his ability, citing his family's low status, Yahweh assures him, 'Surely I will be with you,' reinforcing the divine backing for his mission.
Faith and doubt
Gideon struggles with faith in vv. 12-13 when he questions the presence of Yahweh amid Israel's oppression. He recalls past acts of deliverance, yet feels abandoned, asking, 'Where are all his wondrous works?' His request for signs in vv. 17-40 further illustrates his uncertainty, as he seeks reassurance from God in the form of the fleece tests, displaying a complex relationship between trust in God and human hesitation.
God's deliverance
In vv. 7-10, a prophet delivers a message from Yahweh to Israel, recalling their past deliverance from Egypt and warning them of their current plight due to disobedience. The situation is dire, as the Midianites have devastated their land, but the cry of the Israelites leads to God's intervention through Gideon. This chapter lays the groundwork for God's emerging plan to rescue His people.
The use of the unlikely
Gideon's role as the deliverer is unexpected, as seen in vv. 15-16 when he describes himself as 'the poorest in Manasseh' and 'the least in my father’s house.' Despite these perceptions of inadequacy, God chooses him to lead Israel against a formidable enemy. This theme recurs as Gideon gathers support and confronts challenges, illustrating how God often chooses unexpected individuals for significant tasks.
Chapter outline
How Judges 6 unfolds
Judges 6:1–6 Israel's Oppression by Midian
Israel did evil, leading to their oppression by Midian for seven years (v. 1), causing them to hide in caves and den (vv. 2-3), until they cried out to Yahweh for help (v. 6).
Judges 6:7–10 Prophet's Message to Israel
Yahweh sent a prophet to Israel, declaring their past deliverance from Egypt and the failure to obey His commands (vv. 8-10), which outlines their current plight as a consequence of disobedience.
Judges 6:11–16 Gideon's Call
Yahweh's angel visited Gideon while he was secretly threshing wheat (v. 11) and called him a 'mighty man of valor' (v. 12), prompting Gideon to question why Israel faced such hardship (v. 13).
Judges 6:17–24 Gideon's Signs and Worship
Gideon requested a sign from Yahweh, bringing a present (vv. 17-19). Yahweh's angel accepted the offering, consumed it with fire, and reassured Gideon of his safety (vv. 20-24).
Judges 6:25–32 Destruction of Baal's Altar
Yahweh commanded Gideon to destroy the altar of Baal and build an altar to Him instead (vv. 25-26). Gideon obeyed at night due to fear, leading to the townspeople's outrage upon discovering the act (vv. 27-30).
Judges 6:33–40 Gathering of Israel and Fleece Test
The Midianites and others assembled against Israel (v. 33). Gideon, empowered by Yahweh's Spirit, gathered warriors from surrounding tribes (vv. 34-35) and tested God's promise with a fleece (vv. 36-40).
Key verses
Judges 6:16Yahweh speaks to Gideon, assuring him of divine support, which sets in motion Gideon's mission to deliver Israel from the Midianites.
Get a short devotional by email, one passage and one question a day.
One short email each morning, with the free study guide. Unsubscribe anytime. By subscribing you agree to our Terms and Privacy Policy. We use your address only to send this email.
Study questions
Questions for studying Judges 6
- observeIn v2, what did the children of Israel do because of Midian's oppression?
- observeWhat does Gideon refer to Yahweh as in v13 when he expresses doubt?
- interpretGideon's actions in v27: what does his fear of his father's household suggest about his character?
- interpretIn v39, why does Gideon ask God for confirmation with the fleece a second time?
- applyWhen have you felt like Gideon, needing confirmation before taking a significant step?
For Bible groups
Study Judges 6 with your group
A free one-page handout with the overview, key verse, outline and discussion questions, ready to print for everyone at the table.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Judges 6
- Joshua 1Judges 6:14 and Joshua 1:9Both speak of God's command: Judges 6:14 Yahweh said, “Go in this your might,” while Joshua 1:9 says, “Be strong and courageous.”
- Luke 1Judges 6:12 and Luke 1:28Both messages of favor: Judges 6:12 Yahweh said, “you mighty man of valor,” while Luke 1:28 says, “Blessed are you among women.”
- Judges 13Judges 6:12 and Judges 13:3Both announce divine presence: Judges 6:12 Yahweh is with you, while Judges 13:3 states, “You shall conceive, and bear a son.”
- Exodus 17Judges 6:24 and Exodus 17:15Both emphasize worship: Judges 6:24 Gideon built an altar to Yahweh, while Exodus 17:15 Moses built an altar called Yahweh our Banner.
- Genesis 22Judges 6:24 and Genesis 22:14Both signify God's provision: Judges 6:24 Gideon called it “Yahweh is Peace,” while Genesis 22:14 Abraham called it “Yahweh Will Provide.”
- Judges 2Judges 6:12 and Judges 2:18Both reveal divine deliverance: Judges 6:12 Yahweh is with you, while Judges 2:18 says Yahweh was with the judge, and saved them.
Related chapters
Chapters that connect with Judges 6
Elsewhere on ScriptureDepth
Where to go from here
- Judges: the whole bookJudges covers the dark centuries between Joshua's death and the rise of the monarchy, and its structure is a…
- Full Year Chronological Bible, day 80Day 80 of 365: Judges 5–8.
- SinWhat the Bible says about sin, with verses.
- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
- Today's devotionalOne verse and a short reflection, new every morning.
Judges 6: frequently asked questions
What is Judges 6 about?+
What is the key verse in Judges 6?+
What are the main themes of Judges 6?+
Studying Judges with a print Bible beside you? See our study Bible guides.