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Exodus 3

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1Now Moses was keeping the flock of Jethro, his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the back of the wilderness, and came to God’s mountain, to Horeb. 2Yahweh’s angel appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the middle of a bush. He looked, and behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed. 3Moses said, “I will go now, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burned.” 4When Yahweh saw that he came over to see, God called to him out of the middle of the bush, and said, “Moses! Moses!” He said, “Here I am.” 5He said, “Don’t come close. Take off your sandals, for the place you are standing on is holy ground.” 6Moreover he said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look at God. 7Yahweh said, “I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt, and have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows. 8I have come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land to a good and large land, to a land flowing with milk and honey; to the place of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. 9Now, behold, the cry of the children of Israel has come to me. Moreover I have seen the oppression with which the Egyptians oppress them. 10Come now therefore, and I will send you to Pharaoh, that you may bring my people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt.” 11Moses said to God, “Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring the children of Israel out of Egypt?” 12He said, “Certainly I will be with you. This will be the token to you, that I have sent you: when you have brought the people out of Egypt, you shall serve God on this mountain.” 13Moses said to God, “Behold, when I come to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you;’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ What should I tell them?” 14God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM,” and he said, “You shall tell the children of Israel this: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’” 15God said moreover to Moses, “You shall tell the children of Israel this, ‘Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’ This is my name forever, and this is my memorial to all generations. 16Go and gather the elders of Israel together, and tell them, ‘Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, has appeared to me, saying, “I have surely visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt; 17and I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, to a land flowing with milk and honey.”’ 18They will listen to your voice, and you shall come, you and the elders of Israel, to the king of Egypt, and you shall tell him, ‘Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Now please let us go three days’ journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to Yahweh, our God.’ 19I know that the king of Egypt won’t give you permission to go, no, not by a mighty hand. 20I will reach out my hand and strike Egypt with all my wonders which I will do among them, and after that he will let you go. 21I will give this people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, and it will happen that when you go, you shall not go empty-handed. 22But every woman shall ask of her neighbor, and of her who visits her house, jewels of silver, jewels of gold, and clothing; and you shall put them on your sons, and on your daughters. You shall plunder the Egyptians.”

World English Bible (public domain)

God said to Moses, "I AM WHO I AM," and he said, "Say this to the people of Israel: 'I AM has sent me to you.'"

Exodus 3:14

Summary

In Exodus chapter 3, Moses encounters God through the miraculous sight of a burning bush that is not consumed by the flames. As he approaches, God calls to him, instructing him to remove his sandals because he is standing on holy ground. God reveals His identity as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, emphasizing His covenant with the patriarchs. He then communicates His awareness of the suffering of the Israelites in Egypt and declares His intention to deliver them from bondage. God commissions Moses as His chosen instrument to lead the people out of slavery, despite Moses' initial reluctance and self-doubt about his capability. The chapter highlights themes of God’s holiness, His concern for human suffering, and His active involvement in history through human agents. Additionally, God reveals His personal name, 'I AM WHO I AM,' signifying His eternal existence and unchanging nature. This divine revelation is profoundly significant, affirming that God is both transcendent and immanent. The chapter concludes with God providing Moses with signs to validate his mission and assuring him of His presence, which ultimately instills a sense of purpose and authority in Moses. Overall, Exodus 3 sets the stage for the liberation of Israel and serves as a pivotal moment in God's redemptive plan, illustrating His desire to engage with humanity and fulfill His promises.

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Chapter outline

How Exodus 3 unfolds

  1. Exodus 3:1–2 Moses and the Burning Bush

    Moses tends Jethro's flock and approaches Horeb, where God’s angel appears in a burning bush that remains unburned.

  2. Exodus 3:3–5 God's Call to Moses

    Intrigued by the sight, Moses approaches, and God instructs him to remove his sandals due to the holy ground.

  3. Exodus 3:6–10 God Reveals His Identity

    God identifies Himself as the God of the patriarchs and expresses His concern for Israel's suffering, declaring His intent to deliver them.

  4. Exodus 3:11–14 Moses' Hesitation and God's Assurance

    Moses questions his worthiness for the task, and God reassures him with the promise of His presence and reveals His name, 'I AM.'

  5. Exodus 3:15–18 Commissioning Moses

    God instructs Moses to inform the elders of Israel about His plans and the need to petition Pharaoh for a journey into the wilderness.

  6. Exodus 3:19–22 God's Promises of Deliverance

    God acknowledges Pharaoh's resistance but assures Moses of His power to act and the eventual favor they will receive from the Egyptians.

Key verses

  • Exodus 3:14The key verse reveals God's eternal nature and authority, establishing the foundation for Moses' mission and Israel's hope.

Main themes in Exodus 3

God's holiness

God's holiness is vividly displayed during Moses' encounter at Horeb when he is commanded to remove his sandals in verse 5. This directive highlights the extraordinary nature of God's presence and establishes a clear distinction between the divine and the ordinary. The chapter develops this theme by emphasizing the need for reverence and acknowledgment of God's purity, marking the moment as sacred and underscoring the seriousness of Moses' calling.

Divine calling and empowerment

Moses receives his divine calling to lead Israel in verse 10, where God reveals His plan for their deliverance. Although Moses expresses doubt and reluctance, God's assurance that He will be with him provides the necessary empowerment for the daunting task ahead. This theme unfolds through Moses' initial hesitations and God's persistent encouragement, illustrating how divine calling is accompanied by the strength and support required to fulfill it.

Covenant faithfulness

God reaffirms His covenant with the patriarchs in verses 6 and 15, demonstrating His unwavering commitment to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This act of remembrance highlights God's faithfulness, as He expresses His intent to liberate the Israelites from their suffering in Egypt. The theme of covenant faithfulness is crucial in this chapter, as it reassures the people of God's enduring promises and His active involvement in their history.

The personal name of God

The revelation of God's name 'I AM WHO I AM' in verse 14 serves to emphasize His eternal and immutable nature. This name signifies a profound personal relationship with His people and invites them to grasp His character more fully. By declaring His name, God provides Moses with the divine authority needed for his mission and reassures the Israelites of His constant presence among them.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Exodus 3

Study questions

Questions for studying Exodus 3

  1. What does the burning bush signify in the context of Moses' encounter with God?
  2. How does God identify Himself to Moses, and why is this important?
  3. What is Moses' initial reaction to God's call, and what does it reveal about him?
  4. How does God's assurance to Moses show His character and purpose?
  5. What instructions does God give Moses for his mission to Israel?
  6. What are the implications of God's promise regarding the Egyptians' response to the Israelites?

Exodus 3: frequently asked questions

What is Exodus 3 about?+
In Exodus chapter 3, Moses encounters God through the miraculous sight of a burning bush that is not consumed by the flames. As he approaches, God calls to him, instructing him to remove his sandals because he is standing on holy ground. God reveals His identity as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, emphasizing His covenant with the patriarchs. He then communicates His awareness of the suffering of the Israelites in Egypt and declares His intention to deliver them from bondage. God commissions Moses as His chosen instrument to lead the people out of slavery, despite Moses' initial reluctance and self-doubt about his capability. The chapter highlights themes of God’s holiness, His concern for human suffering, and His active involvement in history through human agents. Additionally, God reveals His personal name, 'I AM WHO I AM,' signifying His eternal existence and unchanging nature. This divine revelation is profoundly significant, affirming that God is both transcendent and immanent. The chapter concludes with God providing Moses with signs to validate his mission and assuring him of His presence, which ultimately instills a sense of purpose and authority in Moses. Overall, Exodus 3 sets the stage for the liberation of Israel and serves as a pivotal moment in God's redemptive plan, illustrating His desire to engage with humanity and fulfill His promises.
What is the key verse in Exodus 3?+
Exodus 3:14: "God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM,” and he said, “You shall tell the children of Israel this: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’”"
What are the main themes of Exodus 3?+
The main themes of Exodus 3 are God's holiness, Divine calling and empowerment, Covenant faithfulness, The personal name of God.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Exodus 3

Study Notes