ScriptureDepth's study of Exodus 3
“God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM,” and he said, “You shall tell the children of Israel this: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’”
Exodus 3:14
God speaks to Moses, revealing His identity as 'I AM', which establishes His authority and initiates the mission to deliver the Israelites from Egypt.
What Exodus 3 is about
Moses was keeping Jethro's flock when he encountered a burning bush at Horeb (vv. 1-2). Curious about the sight, Moses approached, and Yahweh called to him, instructing him to remove his sandals as the ground was holy (vv. 3-5). God identified Himself as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, causing Moses to hide his face in fear (vv. 6). Yahweh revealed that He had seen the affliction of His people in Egypt and planned to deliver them (vv. 7-10). Moses hesitated, questioning his worthiness for the task (vv. 11). God assured him, stating that He would be with him and confirming that Moses and the people would worship Him on the mountain (vv. 12-14). He commissioned Moses to gather the elders of Israel and tell them about His promise of deliverance (vv. 15-18). God foretold the resistance from Pharaoh and promised to perform wonders to compel their release (vv. 19-22).
Yahweh promises to deliver Israel from Egypt and instructs Moses to gather the elders to inform them of His plan.
Exodus 3 at a glance
- Exodus 3:1–2Moses and the Burning Bush
- Exodus 3:3–5God's Call to Moses
- Exodus 3:6–10God Reveals His Identity
- Exodus 3:11–14Moses' Hesitation and God's Assurance
- Exodus 3:15–18Commissioning Moses
- Exodus 3:19–22God's Promises of Deliverance
Key verse: Exodus 3:14
One thing to notice
The phrase 'the God of your fathers' occurs in verses 6, 15, and 16. This repetition connects God's identity to the covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Moses is reminded of this relationship as he prepares for his mission to Israel.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Exodus 3 (WEB)
Moses and the Burning Bush Exodus 3:1–2
1Verse 1. Now Moses was keeping the flock of Jethro, his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the back of the wilderness, and came to God’s mountain, to Horeb. 2Verse 2. Yahweh’s angel appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the middle of a bush. He looked, and behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed.
God's Call to Moses Exodus 3:3–5
3Verse 3. Moses said, “I will go now, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burned.” 4Verse 4. When Yahweh saw that he came over to see, God called to him out of the middle of the bush, and said, “Moses! Moses!” He said, “Here I am.” 5Verse 5. He said, “Don’t come close. Take off your sandals, for the place you are standing on is holy ground.”
God Reveals His Identity Exodus 3:6–10
6Verse 6. Moreover he said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look at God. 7Verse 7. Yahweh said, “I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt, and have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows. 8Verse 8. I have come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land to a good and large land, to a land flowing with milk and honey; to the place of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.
9Verse 9. Now, behold, the cry of the children of Israel has come to me. Moreover I have seen the oppression with which the Egyptians oppress them. 10Verse 10. Come now therefore, and I will send you to Pharaoh, that you may bring my people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt.”
Moses' Hesitation and God's Assurance Exodus 3:11–14
11Verse 11. Moses said to God, “Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring the children of Israel out of Egypt?” 12Verse 12. He said, “Certainly I will be with you. This will be the token to you, that I have sent you: when you have brought the people out of Egypt, you shall serve God on this mountain.” 13Verse 13. Moses said to God, “Behold, when I come to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you;’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ What should I tell them?”
14Verse 14. God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM,” and he said, “You shall tell the children of Israel this: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’”
Commissioning Moses Exodus 3:15–18
15Verse 15. God said moreover to Moses, “You shall tell the children of Israel this, ‘Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’ This is my name forever, and this is my memorial to all generations. 16Verse 16. Go and gather the elders of Israel together, and tell them, ‘Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, has appeared to me, saying, “I have surely visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt; 17Verse 17. and I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, to a land flowing with milk and honey.”’
18Verse 18. They will listen to your voice, and you shall come, you and the elders of Israel, to the king of Egypt, and you shall tell him, ‘Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Now please let us go three days’ journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to Yahweh, our God.’
God's Promises of Deliverance Exodus 3:19–22
19Verse 19. I know that the king of Egypt won’t give you permission to go, no, not by a mighty hand. 20Verse 20. I will reach out my hand and strike Egypt with all my wonders which I will do among them, and after that he will let you go. 21Verse 21. I will give this people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, and it will happen that when you go, you shall not go empty-handed. 22Verse 22. But every woman shall ask of her neighbor, and of her who visits her house, jewels of silver, jewels of gold, and clothing; and you shall put them on your sons, and on your daughters. You shall plunder the Egyptians.”
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Exodus 3
God's holiness
In v. 5, God instructs Moses to take off his sandals because he is standing on 'holy ground.' This moment signifies the sacredness of God’s presence and the need for reverence in approaching Him. The burning bush, which burns yet is not consumed, further illustrates this holiness. This theme establishes the distinction between God and humanity, framing Moses' encounter with divine authority.
Divine calling and empowerment
In vv. 10-12, God calls Moses to deliver the Israelites from Egypt, assuring him, 'Certainly I will be with you.' Despite Moses' doubts about his worthiness, God empowers him for the mission ahead. This calling illustrates God’s initiative in choosing leaders and providing them with the necessary support. The chapter moves forward as Moses gradually accepts his role as a leader chosen by God.
Covenant faithfulness
In verses 6 and 15, God identifies Himself as 'the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.' This identification connects the present suffering of Israel to the promises made to their ancestors. By announcing His intention to deliver His people from oppression, God reaffirms His commitment to the covenant established with the patriarchs. This chapter asserts the continuity of God’s promises across generations.
The personal name of God
In v. 14, God reveals His name to Moses as 'I AM WHO I AM.' This declaration signifies God's eternal and self-sufficient nature. In vv. 15-16, God instructs Moses to tell the Israelites that 'Yahweh' has sent him, establishing a personal connection with His people. This name becomes central to God's identity and mission, emphasizing His presence and authority in the unfolding narrative.
Chapter outline
How Exodus 3 unfolds
Exodus 3:1–2 Moses and the Burning Bush
Moses tends Jethro's flock and arrives at Horeb, where Yahweh's angel appears in a burning bush that is not consumed (vv. 1-2). This extraordinary sight prompts Moses to investigate.
Exodus 3:3–5 God's Call to Moses
Moses approaches the burning bush, saying, 'I will go now, and see this great sight' (verse 3). God calls to him from the bush, instructing him to take off his sandals because the ground is holy (verses 4-5).
Exodus 3:6–10 God Reveals His Identity
Yahweh identifies Himself as ‘the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’ (v. 6) and expresses His knowledge of Israel's suffering in Egypt (vv. 7-10). This establishes His authority and concern for His people.
Exodus 3:11–14 Moses' Hesitation and God's Assurance
Moses questions his own worthiness to confront Pharaoh and lead Israel out of Egypt (v. 11). God assures Moses of His presence, promising him a sign once the people are freed (vv. 12-14).
Exodus 3:15–18 Commissioning Moses
God instructs Moses to gather the elders of Israel and informs him of the message to deliver regarding His appearance and intention to free them (vv. 15-18). This step is crucial for gaining the people's support.
Exodus 3:19–22 God's Promises of Deliverance
God warns that Pharaoh will resist their request but promises to perform wonders to compel his release (vv. 19-20). Additionally, He assures Moses that the Israelites will leave Egypt with valuables, turning their oppression into a form of plunder (vv. 21-22).
Key verses
Exodus 3:14God speaks to Moses, revealing His identity as 'I AM', which establishes His authority and initiates the mission to deliver the Israelites from Egypt.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Exodus 3
- observeIn v2, what does Moses see that prompts his curiosity about the bush?
- observeIn v8, what promise does God make about the land He will bring the Israelites to?
- interpretMoses' question in v11, 'Who am I,' expresses what deeper concern he has about his mission?
- interpretIn v14, what does God's name 'I AM WHO I AM' indicate about His nature?
- applyWhen have you felt unprepared for a task, like Moses did in v11?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Exodus 3
- Acts 7Exodus 3:2 and Acts 7:30Both describe an angel appearing in a flame: Exodus 3:2 states the bush burned with fire, while Acts 7:30 notes an angel of the Lord appeared in a flame.
- John 8Exodus 3:14 and John 8:58Both declare the name 'I AM': Exodus 3:14 states 'I AM WHO I AM,' while John 8:58 notes Jesus saying, 'before Abraham came into existence, I AM.'
- Exodus 4Exodus 3:12 and Exodus 4:12Both promise God's presence: Exodus 3:12 states, 'I will be with you,' while Exodus 4:12 assures Moses that God will be with his mouth.
- Revelation 1Exodus 3:14 and Revelation 1:8Both declare God's eternal nature: Exodus 3:14 uses 'I AM,' while Revelation 1:8 describes the Lord as 'who is and who was and who is to come.'
- Exodus 6Exodus 3:14 and Exodus 6:3Both reveal God's identity: Exodus 3:14 states 'I AM WHO I AM,' while Exodus 6:3 notes God appeared as Almighty but was not known by the name Yahweh.
- Hebrews 13Exodus 3:14 and Hebrews 13:8Both affirm God's unchanging nature: Exodus 3:14 says 'I AM WHO I AM,' while Hebrews 13:8 states, 'Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever.'
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