Exodus 2
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1A man of the house of Levi went and took a daughter of Levi as his wife. 2The woman conceived, and bore a son. When she saw that he was a fine child, she hid him three months. 3When she could no longer hide him, she took a papyrus basket for him, and coated it with tar and with pitch. She put the child in it, and laid it in the reeds by the river’s bank. 4His sister stood far off, to see what would be done to him. 5Pharaoh’s daughter came down to bathe at the river. Her maidens walked along by the riverside. She saw the basket among the reeds, and sent her servant to get it. 6She opened it, and saw the child, and behold, the baby cried. She had compassion on him, and said, “This is one of the Hebrews’ children.” 7Then his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, “Should I go and call a nurse for you from the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for you?” 8Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Go.” The young woman went and called the child’s mother. 9Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this child away, and nurse him for me, and I will give you your wages.” The woman took the child, and nursed it. 10The child grew, and she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son. She named him Moses, and said, “Because I drew him out of the water.” 11In those days, when Moses had grown up, he went out to his brothers, and looked at their burdens. He saw an Egyptian striking a Hebrew, one of his brothers. 12He looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there was no one, he killed the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand. 13He went out the second day, and behold, two men of the Hebrews were fighting with each other. He said to him who did the wrong, “Why do you strike your fellow?” 14He said, “Who made you a prince and a judge over us? Do you plan to kill me, as you killed the Egyptian?” Moses was afraid, and said, “Surely this thing is known.” 15Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to kill Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and lived in the land of Midian, and he sat down by a well. 16Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters. They came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock. 17The shepherds came and drove them away; but Moses stood up and helped them, and watered their flock. 18When they came to Reuel, their father, he said, “How is it that you have returned so early today?” 19They said, “An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and moreover he drew water for us, and watered the flock.” 20He said to his daughters, “Where is he? Why is it that you have left the man? Call him, that he may eat bread.” 21Moses was content to dwell with the man. He gave Moses Zipporah, his daughter. 22She bore a son, and he named him Gershom, for he said, “I have lived as a foreigner in a foreign land.” 23In the course of those many days, the king of Egypt died, and the children of Israel sighed because of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up to God because of the bondage. 24God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. 25God saw the children of Israel, and God was concerned about them.
World English Bible (public domain)
“But when she saw that he was a fine child, she hid him three months.”
Exodus 2:2
Summary
Exodus chapter 2 narrates the birth and early life of Moses, an essential figure in the salvation history of Israel. Born to Hebrew parents during a time of oppression, Moses' mother hides him to protect him from Pharaoh's decree to kill all male infants. She ultimately places him in a basket in the Nile, where he is discovered by Pharaoh's daughter. In an act of divine providence, Moses' sister Miriam facilitates his return to his mother for nursing. This chapter marks the beginning of Moses’ journey from a Hebrew child to a leader of his people, highlighting God's protective hand over him from infancy. As Moses grows, he becomes aware of his heritage and the suffering of his people. In a moment of zeal, he kills an Egyptian who was beating a Hebrew slave, leading him to flee to Midian to escape Pharaoh’s wrath. While in Midian, Moses encounters God’s providence once more as he helps the daughters of Jethro, who later gives him his wife, Zipporah. The chapter concludes with the Israelites' cries for help reaching God, setting the stage for their eventual deliverance. This narrative illustrates key themes such as the importance of divine preservation, the call to justice, and God’s attentiveness to the plight of the oppressed. The theological significance of this chapter underscores God's sovereign plan for redemption. It portrays how God uses human actions and circumstances, even those that seem adverse, to fulfill His purposes. In the midst of human suffering and injustice, God's awareness and compassionate response remind the faithful that He sees and hears every cry for help, preparing the way for intervention and liberation. Therefore, Moses' early life is a testament to how God prepares His chosen instruments amidst trials, emphasizing hope and divine purpose even in turbulent times.
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Chapter outline
How Exodus 2 unfolds
Exodus 2:1–2 Moses' Birth and Early Care
A Levite couple gives birth to a son, whose mother hides him for three months due to Pharaoh's decree.
Exodus 2:3–4 Moses in the Basket
Unable to hide him longer, Moses' mother places him in a basket on the riverbank, while his sister watches nearby.
Exodus 2:5–10 Pharaoh's Daughter Finds Moses
Pharaoh’s daughter discovers Moses in the basket, feels compassion, and arranges for his Hebrew mother to nurse him.
Exodus 2:11–15 Moses' First Act of Justice
As an adult, Moses kills an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, leading to his flight from Pharaoh's wrath.
Exodus 2:16–22 Moses in Midian
Moses helps the daughters of Jethro at a well, marries Zipporah, and names his son Gershom, reflecting his foreign status.
Exodus 2:23–25 God Hears Israel's Cry
After many years, God hears the Israelites' cries under oppression, remembering His covenant with their ancestors.
Key verses
Exodus 2:2The key verse highlights Moses’ early significance and God's protective hand, setting the stage for his future role.
Main themes in Exodus 2
Divine Providence
Divine Providence is evident when Moses is hidden in a basket and discovered by Pharaoh's daughter (verses 3-6). This act of protection showcases God’s hand in Moses’ early life, ensuring he survives a decree intended to kill him. Ultimately, it highlights God’s ability to work through people and circumstances for His purposes.
Justice and Advocacy
Moses’ act of killing the Egyptian (verse 12) represents an early response to injustice faced by his Hebrew brothers. His actions reflect a personal struggle with his identity and a desire to advocate for his people, despite the consequences. This theme complicates as it leads to his flight from Egypt, prompting questions about justice.
Identity and Heritage
Moses' identity is significantly influenced by his Hebrew roots and his upbringing in Pharaoh's palace, as highlighted in verses 10 and 11. Throughout Exodus 2, we see Moses grappling with his dual identity as both a Hebrew and a member of the royal family, which complicates his understanding of himself and his place in the world. This internal struggle is crucial as it foreshadows his future leadership role among the Israelites, as he is called to reconcile these two identities.
Hope in Suffering
The cries of the Israelites for help in verse 23, along with God's attentive response in verse 24, illustrate a profound sense of hope amid their suffering. This chapter portrays the harsh conditions faced by the Israelites, yet it also emphasizes that God is acutely aware of their pain and is poised to act on their behalf. The hope generated in this context becomes an essential foundation for the impending deliverance that God will orchestrate for His people.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Exodus 2
- Acts 7Acts 7 recounts Moses' early life and highlights his call to lead Israel, echoing his protective upbringing.
- Hebrews 11Hebrews 11 reflects on Moses' faith and choices, connecting with his identity as a Hebrew and his role in God's plan.
- Exodus 3Exodus 3 develops Moses’ calling, which connects to his early life experiences and God's preparation.
- Exodus 4Exodus 4 continues Moses’ story, focusing on his mission, which stems from his formative experiences outlined here.
- Genesis 29Genesis 29 connects through themes of family and God’s covenant, framing the lineage through which Moses emerges.
- Exodus 6Exodus 6 develops God's promise to Israel, linking back to the covenant remembered in Moses' story.
Study questions
Questions for studying Exodus 2
- Who are Moses' parents and what tribe do they belong to?
- What actions does Moses' mother take to protect him?
- How does Moses end up being raised by Pharaoh's daughter?
- What motivates Moses to kill the Egyptian?
- In what ways does Moses demonstrate justice in Midian?
- What is significant about the name Gershom?
- How does God respond to the Israelites' suffering?
Exodus 2: frequently asked questions
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