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Judges 5

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1Then Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam sang on that day, saying, 2“Because the leaders took the lead in Israel, because the people offered themselves willingly, be blessed, Yahweh! 3“Hear, you kings! Give ear, you princes! I, even I, will sing to Yahweh. I will sing praise to Yahweh, the God of Israel. 4“Yahweh, when you went out of Seir, when you marched out of the field of Edom, the earth trembled, the sky also dropped. Yes, the clouds dropped water. 5The mountains quaked Yahweh’s presence, even Sinai at the presence of Yahweh, the God of Israel. 6“In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied. The travelers walked through byways. 7The rulers ceased in Israel. They ceased until I, Deborah, arose; Until I arose a mother in Israel. 8They chose new gods. Then war was in the gates. Was there a shield or spear seen among forty thousand in Israel? 9My heart is toward the governors of Israel, who offered themselves willingly among the people. Bless Yahweh! 10“Speak, you who ride on white donkeys, you who sit on rich carpets, and you who walk by the way. 11Far from the noise of archers, in the places of drawing water, there they will rehearse Yahweh’s righteous acts, the righteous acts of his rule in Israel. “Then Yahweh’s people went down to the gates. 12‘Awake, awake, Deborah! Awake, awake, utter a song! Arise, Barak, and lead away your captives, you son of Abinoam.’ 13“Then a remnant of the nobles and the people came down. Yahweh came down for me against the mighty. 14Those whose root is in Amalek came out of Ephraim, after you, Benjamin, among your peoples. Governors come down out of Machir. Those who handle the marshal’s staff came out of Zebulun. 15The princes of Issachar were with Deborah. As was Issachar, so was Barak. They rushed into the valley at his feet. By the watercourses of Reuben, there were great resolves of heart. 16Why did you sit among the sheepfolds? To hear the whistling for the flocks? At the watercourses of Reuben, there were great searchings of heart. 17Gilead lived beyond the Jordan. Why did Dan remain in ships? Asher sat still at the haven of the sea, and lived by his creeks. 18Zebulun was a people that jeopardized their lives to the death; Naphtali also, on the high places of the field. 19“The kings came and fought, then the kings of Canaan fought at Taanach by the waters of Megiddo. They took no plunder of silver. 20From the sky the stars fought. From their courses, they fought against Sisera. 21The river Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the river Kishon. My soul, march on with strength. 22Then the horse hoofs stamped because of the prancing, the prancing of their strong ones. 23‘Curse Meroz,’ said Yahweh’s angel. ‘Curse bitterly its inhabitants, because they didn’t come to help Yahweh, to help Yahweh against the mighty.’ 24“Jael shall be blessed above women, the wife of Heber the Kenite; blessed shall she be above women in the tent. 25He asked for water. She gave him milk. She brought him butter in a lordly dish. 26She put her hand to the tent peg, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer. With the hammer she struck Sisera. She struck through his head. Yes, she pierced and struck through his temples. 27At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay. At her feet he bowed, he fell. Where he bowed, there he fell down dead. 28“Through the window she looked out, and cried: Sisera’s mother looked through the lattice. ‘Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why do the wheels of his chariots wait?’ 29Her wise ladies answered her, Yes, she returned answer to herself, 30‘Have they not found, have they not divided the plunder? A lady, two ladies to every man; to Sisera a plunder of dyed garments, a plunder of dyed garments embroidered, of dyed garments embroidered on both sides, on the necks of the plunder?’ 31“So let all your enemies perish, Yahweh, but let those who love him be as the sun when it rises in its strength.” Then the land had rest forty years.

World English Bible (public domain)

For the leaders who took the lead in Israel, for the people who offered themselves willingly, bless the Lord!

Judges 5:2

Summary

Judges chapter 5 presents the Song of Deborah, a celebratory hymn that recounts the victory of Israel over the Canaanite oppressor Sisera. After a long period of oppression, Deborah, a prophetess and judge, and Barak, a military leader, join forces to defeat their enemies. The chapter emphasizes the courage and faith of both Deborah and Jael, the woman who ultimately slays Sisera, showcasing women's roles in Israel's deliverance. The song reflects on past events, invoking praise for God’s intervention and the mobilization of Israel's tribes in response to his call for action.

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Chapter outline

How Judges 5 unfolds

  1. Judges 5:1–5 The Song of Celebration Begins

    Deborah and Barak sing praises to God for Israel's leadership and divine intervention, recalling how creation responded to God's presence.

  2. Judges 5:6–11 A Reflection on Israel's State

    Deborah reflects on the oppression in Israel, noting the absence of leaders and the people's plight, emphasizing the need for divine help.

  3. Judges 5:12–18 Call to Action

    Deborah urges Barak to rise and lead, while praising those tribes that joined the fight and critiquing those that did not.

  4. Judges 5:19–23 The Battle Against Canaan

    The narrative describes the battle against Sisera, highlighting God's miraculous aid and the consequences for those who failed to help.

  5. Judges 5:24–27 Jael's Heroic Act

    Jael is blessed for her decisive action in killing Sisera, illustrating the unexpected roles women play in Israel's deliverance.

  6. Judges 5:28–31 The Aftermath and Reflection

    The lament of Sisera's mother contrasts with Israel's victory, culminating in a prayer for the fate of God's enemies and the peace experienced.

Key verses

  • Judges 5:2Judges 5:2 highlights the importance of leadership and willingness among the people, framing the chapter's celebration of divine intervention.

Main themes in Judges 5

Divine deliverance

The theme of divine deliverance is evident as Deborah and Barak celebrate the victory over Sisera by recounting how God intervened in battle. The song highlights God's power, as seen in verses 4-5, where nature itself responds to His presence. This deliverance emphasizes God's ongoing role as protector and savior for Israel during times of crisis.

Women in leadership

Women in leadership is exemplified by Deborah and Jael throughout the chapter, particularly in verses 7 and 24-27, where their actions are pivotal to Israel's success. Deborah's role as both prophetess and judge challenges traditional gender roles, while Jael's decisive act of bravery showcases women's vital contributions in moments of national crisis. This theme underscores the importance of inclusive leadership in fulfilling God's plans.

Praise and worship

Praise and worship permeate the entire chapter as Deborah and Barak lead a song of victory that honors God for His faithfulness, especially in verses 2-3. This joyful expression of gratitude sets a tone of reverence and acknowledgment of God's sovereignty, inviting others to recognize His deeds. The chapter illustrates how worship can respond to divine action and inspire communal identity.

Community response to God's call

The community's response is examined through the varied reactions of Israel's tribes, notably in verses 14-18, where some step forward while others hesitate. The song serves as a reminder of the importance of collective action in fulfilling God's purposes. It shows that individual and communal choices significantly impact the course of Israel's history.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Judges 5

Study questions

Questions for studying Judges 5

  1. Who are the main characters in the Song of Deborah?
  2. What imagery is used to describe God's presence during the battle?
  3. Which tribes are praised or criticized for their actions?
  4. How does Jael's role redefine women's involvement in Israel's history?
  5. What emotions does Sisera's mother's lament evoke in the narrative?
  6. What does the song suggest about the nature of community response to God's call?

Judges 5: frequently asked questions

What is Judges 5 about?+
Judges chapter 5 presents the Song of Deborah, a celebratory hymn that recounts the victory of Israel over the Canaanite oppressor Sisera. After a long period of oppression, Deborah, a prophetess and judge, and Barak, a military leader, join forces to defeat their enemies. The chapter emphasizes the courage and faith of both Deborah and Jael, the woman who ultimately slays Sisera, showcasing women's roles in Israel's deliverance. The song reflects on past events, invoking praise for God’s intervention and the mobilization of Israel's tribes in response to his call for action.
What is the key verse in Judges 5?+
Judges 5:2: "“Because the leaders took the lead in Israel, because the people offered themselves willingly, be blessed, Yahweh!"
What are the main themes of Judges 5?+
The main themes of Judges 5 are Divine deliverance, Women in leadership, Praise and worship, Community response to God's call.

Related chapters

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Study Notes