Luke 1
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1Since many have undertaken to set in order a narrative concerning those matters which have been fulfilled among us, 2even as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word delivered them to us, 3it seemed good to me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the first, to write to you in order, most excellent Theophilus; 4that you might know the certainty concerning the things in which you were instructed. 5There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the priestly division of Abijah. He had a wife of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth. 6They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord. 7But they had no child, because Elizabeth was barren, and they both were well advanced in years. 8Now while he executed the priest’s office before God in the order of his division, 9according to the custom of the priest’s office, his lot was to enter into the temple of the Lord and burn incense. 10The whole multitude of the people were praying outside at the hour of incense. 11An angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing on the right side of the altar of incense. 12Zacharias was troubled when he saw him, and fear fell upon him. 13But the angel said to him, “Don’t be afraid, Zacharias, because your request has been heard, and your wife, Elizabeth, will bear you a son, and you shall call his name John. 14You will have joy and gladness; and many will rejoice at his birth. 15For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and he will drink no wine nor strong drink. He will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb. 16He will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord, their God. 17He will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, ‘to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children,’ and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to prepare a people prepared for the Lord.” 18Zacharias said to the angel, “How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man, and my wife is well advanced in years.” 19The angel answered him, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God. I was sent to speak to you, and to bring you this good news. 20Behold, you will be silent and not able to speak, until the day that these things will happen, because you didn’t believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their proper time.” 21The people were waiting for Zacharias, and they marveled that he delayed in the temple. 22When he came out, he could not speak to them, and they perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple. He continued making signs to them, and remained mute. 23When the days of his service were fulfilled, he departed to his house. 24After these days Elizabeth, his wife, conceived, and she hid herself five months, saying, 25“Thus has the Lord done to me in the days in which he looked at me, to take away my reproach among men.” 26Now in the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, 27to a virgin pledged to be married to a man whose name was Joseph, of David’s house. The virgin’s name was Mary. 28Having come in, the angel said to her, “Rejoice, you highly favored one! The Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women!” 29But when she saw him, she was greatly troubled at the saying, and considered what kind of salutation this might be. 30The angel said to her, “Don’t be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. 31Behold, you will conceive in your womb, and give birth to a son, and will call his name ‘Jesus.’ 32He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father, David, 33and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever. There will be no end to his Kingdom.” 34Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, seeing I am a virgin?” 35The angel answered her, “The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore also the holy one who is born from you will be called the Son of God. 36Behold, Elizabeth, your relative, also has conceived a son in her old age; and this is the sixth month with her who was called barren. 37For nothing spoken by God is impossible.” 38Mary said, “Behold, the servant of the Lord; let it be done to me according to your word.” The angel departed from her. 39Mary arose in those days and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Judah, 40and entered into the house of Zacharias and greeted Elizabeth. 41When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit. 42She called out with a loud voice, and said, “Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb! 43Why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? 44For behold, when the voice of your greeting came into my ears, the baby leaped in my womb for joy! 45Blessed is she who believed, for there will be a fulfillment of the things which have been spoken to her from the Lord!” 46Mary said, “My soul magnifies the Lord. 47My spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior, 48for he has looked at the humble state of his servant. For behold, from now on, all generations will call me blessed. 49For he who is mighty has done great things for me. Holy is his name. 50His mercy is for generations of generations on those who fear him. 51He has shown strength with his arm. He has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52He has put down princes from their thrones. And has exalted the lowly. 53He has filled the hungry with good things. He has sent the rich away empty. 54He has given help to Israel, his servant, that he might remember mercy, 55As he spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and his offspring forever.” 56Mary stayed with her about three months, and then returned to her house. 57Now the time that Elizabeth should give birth was fulfilled, and she gave birth to a son. 58Her neighbors and her relatives heard that the Lord had magnified his mercy towards her, and they rejoiced with her. 59On the eighth day, they came to circumcise the child; and they would have called him Zacharias, after the name of his father. 60His mother answered, “Not so; but he will be called John.” 61They said to her, “There is no one among your relatives who is called by this name.” 62They made signs to his father, what he would have him called. 63He asked for a writing tablet, and wrote, “His name is John.” They all marveled. 64His mouth was opened immediately, and his tongue freed, and he spoke, blessing God. 65Fear came on all who lived around them, and all these sayings were talked about throughout all the hill country of Judea. 66All who heard them laid them up in their heart, saying, “What then will this child be?” The hand of the Lord was with him. 67His father, Zacharias, was filled with the Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying, 68“Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, for he has visited and redeemed his people; 69and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David 70(as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets who have been from of old), 71salvation from our enemies, and from the hand of all who hate us; 72to show mercy towards our fathers, to remember his holy covenant, 73the oath which he swore to Abraham, our father, 74to grant to us that we, being delivered out of the hand of our enemies, should serve him without fear, 75In holiness and righteousness before him all the days of our life. 76And you, child, will be called a prophet of the Most High, for you will go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways, 77to give knowledge of salvation to his people by the remission of their sins, 78because of the tender mercy of our God, whereby the dawn from on high will visit us, 79to shine on those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death; to guide our feet into the way of peace.” 80The child was growing, and becoming strong in spirit, and was in the desert until the day of his public appearance to Israel.
World English Bible (public domain)
“"And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus."”
Luke 1:31
Summary
Luke chapter 1 describes the miraculous events leading up to the births of John the Baptist and Jesus. The chapter begins with an introduction stating the purpose of the Gospel. It then narrates the story of Zechariah and Elizabeth, a righteous but childless couple. The angel Gabriel visits Zechariah, prophesying the birth of their son, John. Despite his initial disbelief, Zechariah is told that John will prepare the way for the Lord. The narrative then shifts to Mary's encounter with Gabriel, announcing she will conceive Jesus, the Son of God, by the Holy Spirit. Mary visits Elizabeth, and Elizabeth's baby leaps in her womb at Mary's greeting, prompting Elizabeth to bless Mary. Mary's Magnificat follows, a song of praise celebrating God's faithfulness and mercy.
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Chapter outline
How Luke 1 unfolds
Luke 1:1–4 Introduction to the Gospel
Luke outlines his intent to provide an orderly account of the events surrounding Jesus, addressing Theophilus to affirm the certainty of these teachings.
Luke 1:5–25 Announcement to Zechariah
The narrative introduces Zechariah and Elizabeth, a devout couple, and recounts the angel Gabriel's announcement of the birth of their son, John.
Luke 1:26–38 Announcement to Mary
Gabriel appears to Mary, revealing she will conceive Jesus by the Holy Spirit, demonstrating divine intervention in a significant way.
Luke 1:39–56 Mary Visits Elizabeth
Mary visits Elizabeth, leading to a joyful recognition of their miraculous pregnancies, culminating in Mary's song of praise, the Magnificat.
Luke 1:57–66 Birth of John the Baptist
Elizabeth gives birth to John, and the community marvels at his naming, which emphasizes the angel's instructions regarding his future.
Luke 1:67–80 Zacharias's Prophecy
Zacharias, filled with the Holy Spirit, prophesies about John and God's merciful plan for salvation, highlighting God's faithfulness to Israel.
Key verses
Luke 1:31Luke 1:31 encapsulates the chapter's focus on the miraculous conception of Jesus, central to the Gospel's message.
Main themes in Luke 1
divine intervention
Divine intervention is illustrated prominently when the angel Gabriel announces the miraculous births of John and Jesus, particularly in verses 13-14 and 31-33. The narrative develops this theme as both births signify pivotal moments in God's overarching redemptive plan, revealing His sovereignty in unexpected ways. Through these events, the chapter emphasizes God's active role in fulfilling His promises, demonstrating how He intervenes in human history to orchestrate His purposes.
faith and doubt
Zacharias's initial disbelief in verses 18-20 serves as a stark contrast to Mary's faith in verses 34-38, highlighting the common human struggle between faith and doubt. The chapter develops this theme by illustrating how doubt can lead to tangible consequences, particularly in Zechariah’s enforced silence as a result of his skepticism. This contrast between the two responses underscores the necessity of trust in God's word and the implications of belief in His promises.
messianic prophecy
Messianic prophecy is evidenced through the announcements of John and Jesus, specifically in verses 16-17 and 31-33, which indicate their roles in God's plan. The chapter enriches this theme by linking John's mission to prepare the way for Jesus, emphasizing the prophetic fulfillment. This sets the stage for the anticipated arrival of the Messiah.
God's faithfulness
God's faithfulness is celebrated in the prophecies uttered by Zacharias in verses 68-75, where he reflects on God's promises to Israel. The chapter expands on this theme by connecting the births of John and Jesus to the fulfillment of God's covenant with Abraham. This reinforces the idea that God’s actions are consistent with His promises throughout history.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Luke 1
- Jeremiah 32Jeremiah speaks of God’s covenant and restoration, connecting to the themes of fulfillment seen in John and Jesus' births.
- Luke 2Luke 2 develops the narrative of Jesus' birth, echoing the miraculous themes introduced in this chapter.
- Matthew 19Matthew 19 connects through the themes of faithfulness and God's plans, paralleling the miraculous situations in Luke 1.
- Genesis 18Genesis 18 echoes the theme of miraculous births, as both Sarah and Elizabeth experience God's intervention despite their barrenness.
- John 1John 1 develops the identity of Jesus as the Word, which aligns with the exposition of Jesus' divine nature in this chapter.
- Matthew 1Matthew 1 connects through the genealogy and birth narratives, reinforcing Jesus' messianic significance established in Luke 1.
Study questions
Questions for studying Luke 1
- Who are Zechariah and Elizabeth and what is their situation?
- What does the angel Gabriel promise to Zechariah regarding John?
- How does Mary respond to Gabriel's announcement of Jesus' birth?
- What significance does the Magnificat hold within Mary's visit to Elizabeth?
- What are the key themes of divine intervention and God's faithfulness in this chapter?
- How does the community react to the naming of John?
- What is the significance of Zacharias's prophecy for Israel's future?
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