Matthew 18
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1In that hour the disciples came to Jesus, saying, “Who then is greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven?” 2Jesus called a little child to himself, and set him in the middle of them, 3and said, “Most certainly I tell you, unless you turn, and become as little children, you will in no way enter into the Kingdom of Heaven. 4Whoever therefore humbles himself as this little child, the same is the greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven. 5Whoever receives one such little child in my name receives me, 6but whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it would be better for him that a huge millstone should be hung around his neck, and that he should be sunk in the depths of the sea. 7“Woe to the world because of occasions of stumbling! For it must be that the occasions come, but woe to that person through whom the occasion comes! 8If your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off, and cast it from you. It is better for you to enter into life maimed or crippled, rather than having two hands or two feet to be cast into the eternal fire. 9If your eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out, and cast it from you. It is better for you to enter into life with one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into the Gehenna of fire. 10See that you don’t despise one of these little ones, for I tell you that in heaven their angels always see the face of my Father who is in heaven. 11For the Son of Man came to save that which was lost. 12“What do you think? If a man has one hundred sheep, and one of them goes astray, doesn’t he leave the ninety-nine, go to the mountains, and seek that which has gone astray? 13If he finds it, most certainly I tell you, he rejoices over it more than over the ninety-nine which have not gone astray. 14Even so it is not the will of your Father who is in heaven that one of these little ones should perish. 15“If your brother sins against you, go, show him his fault between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained back your brother. 16But if he doesn’t listen, take one or two more with you, that at the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. 17If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the assembly. If he refuses to hear the assembly also, let him be to you as a Gentile or a tax collector. 18Most certainly I tell you, whatever things you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever things you release on earth will have been released in heaven. 19Again, assuredly I tell you, that if two of you will agree on earth concerning anything that they will ask, it will be done for them by my Father who is in heaven. 20For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there I am in the middle of them.” 21Then Peter came and said to him, “Lord, how often shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? Until seven times?” 22Jesus said to him, “I don’t tell you until seven times, but, until seventy times seven. 23Therefore the Kingdom of Heaven is like a certain king, who wanted to reconcile accounts with his servants. 24When he had begun to reconcile, one was brought to him who owed him ten thousand talents. 25But because he couldn’t pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, with his wife, his children, and all that he had, and payment to be made. 26The servant therefore fell down and knelt before him, saying, ‘Lord, have patience with me, and I will repay you all!’ 27The lord of that servant, being moved with compassion, released him, and forgave him the debt. 28“But that servant went out, and found one of his fellow servants, who owed him one hundred denarii, and he grabbed him, and took him by the throat, saying, ‘Pay me what you owe!’ 29“So his fellow servant fell down at his feet and begged him, saying, ‘Have patience with me, and I will repay you!’ 30He would not, but went and cast him into prison, until he should pay back that which was due. 31So when his fellow servants saw what was done, they were exceedingly sorry, and came and told their lord all that was done. 32Then his lord called him in, and said to him, ‘You wicked servant! I forgave you all that debt, because you begged me. 33Shouldn’t you also have had mercy on your fellow servant, even as I had mercy on you?’ 34His lord was angry, and delivered him to the tormentors, until he should pay all that was due to him. 35So my heavenly Father will also do to you, if you don’t each forgive your brother from your hearts for his misdeeds.”
World English Bible (public domain)
“"Truly, I say to you, unless you turn and become like children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven."”
Matthew 18:3
Summary
Matthew 18 begins with the disciples asking Jesus about who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. Jesus responds by calling a child to Himself, emphasizing the necessity of humility and childlike faith to enter the kingdom. He warns against causing believers to sin, urging drastic measures to avoid such temptations. The passage highlights God's great concern for His people, illustrated through the Parable of the Lost Sheep, where the shepherd leaves the ninety-nine to seek the one lost sheep. The chapter continues with teachings on forgiveness and reconciliation within the community of believers. Jesus outlines a process for addressing sin among believers, emphasizing the importance of restoring relationships. If a fellow believer sins, Jesus advises approaching them privately, then with witnesses, and finally involving the church if necessary. This guidance underscores communal accountability and the pursuit of unity. Jesus then presents the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant, reiterating the necessity of limitless forgiveness. He tells of a servant forgiven a great debt by his master, but who refuses to forgive a much smaller debt owed by a fellow servant. The master's harsh punishment of this servant illustrates the expectation that those who receive God's mercy should extend it to others. This parable concludes the chapter by highlighting the themes of mercy, forgiveness, and the transformative effect of divine grace.
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Chapter outline
How Matthew 18 unfolds
Matthew 18:1–5 Greatness in the Kingdom
The disciples question Jesus about greatness in the kingdom. Jesus uses a child to illustrate that humility and childlike faith define true greatness.
Matthew 18:6–10 Warnings Against Causing Stumbling
Jesus warns against causing believers to sin, emphasizing the seriousness of leading others astray. He notes that little ones are valued in heaven.
Matthew 18:11–14 Parable of the Lost Sheep
Jesus shares the parable of the lost sheep, highlighting God's desire to save the lost. The shepherd's actions illustrate His care for each individual.
Matthew 18:15–20 Addressing Sin in Community
Jesus provides a process for confronting a brother who sins. This framework stresses reconciliation and the importance of communal responsibility.
Matthew 18:21–35 Limitless Forgiveness Illustrated
Peter asks about the limits of forgiveness, leading to Jesus' parable of the unforgiving servant. The servant's failure to forgive reflects the necessity of extending mercy.
Key verses
Matthew 18:3Matthew 18:3 captures the chapter's emphasis on humility as essential for entering the kingdom.
Main themes in Matthew 18
humility
Humility is introduced in verses 3 and 4 as Jesus compares greatness to a child's nature. The chapter demonstrates that true greatness is linked to being humble and dependent, rather than seeking power or status. This theme is vital as it sets the tone for community dynamics and proper relationships in the kingdom.
forgiveness
Forgiveness is a key theme in Matthew 18, particularly evident in verses 21-35 where Jesus addresses Peter's question about the limits of forgiveness. The parable of the unforgiving servant illustrates the expectation that believers must forgive one another without restraint, reflecting the boundless grace they themselves have received from God. This theme reinforces the importance of unity and mercy in the Christian community, echoing God's own nature and His call for reconciliation among His followers.
Explore forgiveness in the Bible →community
The dynamics of community are prominently featured in Matthew 18, specifically in verses 15-20, where Jesus provides guidance on addressing sin within the church. His instructions emphasize the necessity of accountability and the delicate nature of relationships among believers, highlighting the process of confrontation and restoration. This focus on communal responsibilities illustrates how essential it is for believers to support one another in their spiritual journeys, fostering a healthy and nurturing church environment.
mercy
Mercy is a central theme in Matthew 18, particularly illustrated in the parable of the unforgiving servant found in verses 23-35. This parable emphasizes the immense compassion that God extends to humanity, which should serve as a model for how believers interact with one another. The theme of mercy reinforces the message that having received God's mercy obligates believers to extend that same mercy to others, creating a cycle of compassion within the community.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Matthew 18
- Luke 17This passage connects by echoing the importance of humility and the potential consequences of causing others to stumble.
- Mark 11This chapter develops the theme of forgiveness, emphasizing that forgiveness is essential for receiving it from God.
- Matthew 5It connects through teachings on reconciliation and the importance of being at peace with one another.
- Matthew 7This passage echoes the theme of judgment and mercy, reminding believers to consider their own actions.
- Matthew 6This connects by highlighting the necessity of forgiveness in the context of prayer and spiritual life.
- 1 Corinthians 5This chapter develops communal responsibility and the need for accountability among believers.
Study questions
Questions for studying Matthew 18
- What does Jesus teach about humility in verses 3 and 4?
- How does the parable of the lost sheep illustrate God's care for individuals?
- What steps does Jesus outline for resolving conflict in the church?
- How does Peter's question about forgiveness reflect common attitudes?
- What consequences does the unforgiving servant face, and what does this teach us?
Matthew 18: frequently asked questions
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