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Romans 3

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1Then what advantage does the Jew have? Or what is the profit of circumcision? 2Much in every way! Because first of all, they were entrusted with the revelations of God. 3For what if some were without faith? Will their lack of faith nullify the faithfulness of God? 4May it never be! Yes, let God be found true, but every man a liar. As it is written, “That you might be justified in your words, and might prevail when you come into judgment.” 5But if our unrighteousness commends the righteousness of God, what will we say? Is God unrighteous who inflicts wrath? I speak like men do. 6May it never be! For then how will God judge the world? 7For if the truth of God through my lie abounded to his glory, why am I also still judged as a sinner? 8Why not (as we are slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say), “Let us do evil, that good may come?” Those who say so are justly condemned. 9What then? Are we better than they? No, in no way. For we previously warned both Jews and Greeks, that they are all under sin. 10As it is written, “There is no one righteous; no, not one. 11There is no one who understands. There is no one who seeks after God. 12They have all turned away. They have together become unprofitable. There is no one who does good, no, not so much as one.” 13“Their throat is an open tomb. With their tongues they have used deceit.” “The poison of vipers is under their lips”; 14“whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness.” 15“Their feet are swift to shed blood. 16Destruction and misery are in their ways. 17The way of peace, they haven’t known.” 18“There is no fear of God before their eyes.” 19Now we know that whatever things the law says, it speaks to those who are under the law, that every mouth may be closed, and all the world may be brought under the judgment of God. 20Because by the works of the law, no flesh will be justified in his sight. For through the law comes the knowledge of sin. 21But now apart from the law, a righteousness of God has been revealed, being testified by the law and the prophets; 22even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ to all and on all those who believe. For there is no distinction, 23for all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God; 24being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus; 25whom God sent to be an atoning sacrifice, through faith in his blood, for a demonstration of his righteousness through the passing over of prior sins, in God’s forbearance; 26to demonstrate his righteousness at this present time; that he might himself be just, and the justifier of him who has faith in Jesus. 27Where then is the boasting? It is excluded. By what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith. 28We maintain therefore that a man is justified by faith apart from the works of the law. 29Or is God the God of Jews only? Isn’t he the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also, 30since indeed there is one God who will justify the circumcised by faith, and the uncircumcised through faith. 31Do we then nullify the law through faith? May it never be! No, we establish the law.

World English Bible (public domain)

For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,

Romans 3:23

Summary

Romans chapter 3 addresses both Jews and Gentiles, establishing that all people are under the power of sin and thus in need of salvation. Paul begins by acknowledging the Jewish advantage of having the scriptures, but emphasizes that both Jews and Gentiles are guilty of sin and fall short of God's glory. He uses various Old Testament references to show that no one is righteous by their own deeds, highlighting the universality of human sinfulness. Paul then introduces the concept of justification by faith apart from works of the law. Through Jesus Christ, God's righteousness is revealed, offering redemption and demonstrating God's justice and mercy. This grace is available to all who believe, leveling the ground between Jews and Gentiles. Paul concludes by affirming that faith upholds the law, rather than nullifying it.

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Chapter outline

How Romans 3 unfolds

  1. Romans 3:1–4 Jewish Advantage and Faithfulness of God

    Paul begins by addressing the value of being Jewish, highlighting that they were entrusted with God's revelations. He argues that the unfaithfulness of some does not negate God's faithfulness, emphasizing God's truthfulness and the judgment that awaits humanity.

  2. Romans 3:5–18 Universal Sinfulness of Humanity

    This section includes a series of quotes from the Old Testament to underscore that all people, both Jews and Gentiles, are under sin. Paul states that no one is righteous, and humanity's failings illustrate a collective turning away from God.

  3. Romans 3:19–20 Purpose of the Law Revealed

    Paul explains that the law speaks to those under it to silence every mouth and reveal the universal judgment of God. He affirms that no one can be justified through the works of the law; rather, it highlights the knowledge of sin.

  4. Romans 3:21–26 God's Righteousness Through Faith

    Here, Paul introduces a righteousness from God that is separate from the law, revealed through faith in Jesus Christ. He emphasizes that this righteousness is available to all who believe, showcasing God's justice and mercy through Jesus' sacrifice.

  5. Romans 3:27–31 Faith and the Law

    In concluding the chapter, Paul asserts that boasting is excluded by the law of faith. He clarifies that faith does not nullify the law, but rather establishes it, suggesting that true adherence to the law comes through faith in Christ.

Key verses

  • Romans 3:23Romans 3:23 encapsulates the chapter's primary message, illustrating that all humanity is in need of God's grace due to universal sin.

Main themes in Romans 3

universal sinfulness

Universal sinfulness is a central theme in Romans 3, particularly in verses 9-18, where Paul cites Scripture to demonstrate that all humanity is guilty before God. He presents a bleak picture of human nature, asserting that no one seeks God or does good, which intensifies the need for salvation. This theme sets the stage for the subsequent discussion on justification, emphasizing that all people, regardless of background, share a need for God's mercy.

justification by faith

Justification by faith emerges prominently in verses 21-28, where Paul explains that righteousness from God is accessible apart from the law. This concept challenges the notion that adherence to the law can lead to righteousness and posits faith in Jesus Christ as the sole avenue for justification. By emphasizing faith, Paul reshapes the understanding of salvation, indicating that it is a gift of grace available to everyone, thereby unifying Jews and Gentiles alike.

righteousness of God

The righteousness of God is revealed throughout Romans 3, especially in verses 21-26, where Paul discusses how it is made known through faith in Jesus Christ. He elaborates that God's righteousness displays both justice and mercy, particularly in the context of Christ's atoning sacrifice. This theme reinforces the idea that God's just nature is fully satisfied while providing a means for sinful humanity to be reconciled through faith.

unity of believers

Unity of believers is implicit in the arguments of Romans 3, particularly in verses 29-30, where Paul asserts that God justifies both Jews and Gentiles alike. By presenting faith as the common means of justification, Paul emphasizes that there are no distinctions between different groups in Christ. This idea of unity is crucial for the early church as it navigates diverse cultural identities within the body of believers.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Romans 3

Study questions

Questions for studying Romans 3

  1. What does Paul say is the advantage of being Jewish?
  2. How does Paul argue against the idea that God's faithfulness is nullified?
  3. What does Paul mean when he states that no one is righteous?
  4. How does the law contribute to the knowledge of sin according to Paul?
  5. In what way does faith uphold the law rather than nullify it?

Romans 3: frequently asked questions

What is Romans 3 about?+
Romans chapter 3 addresses both Jews and Gentiles, establishing that all people are under the power of sin and thus in need of salvation. Paul begins by acknowledging the Jewish advantage of having the scriptures, but emphasizes that both Jews and Gentiles are guilty of sin and fall short of God's glory. He uses various Old Testament references to show that no one is righteous by their own deeds, highlighting the universality of human sinfulness. Paul then introduces the concept of justification by faith apart from works of the law. Through Jesus Christ, God's righteousness is revealed, offering redemption and demonstrating God's justice and mercy. This grace is available to all who believe, leveling the ground between Jews and Gentiles. Paul concludes by affirming that faith upholds the law, rather than nullifying it.
What is the key verse in Romans 3?+
Romans 3:23: "for all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God;"
What are the main themes of Romans 3?+
The main themes of Romans 3 are universal sinfulness, justification by faith, righteousness of God, unity of believers.

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