Romans 4
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1What then will we say that Abraham, our forefather, has found according to the flesh? 2For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not toward God. 3For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.” 4Now to him who works, the reward is not counted as grace, but as something owed. 5But to him who doesn’t work, but believes in him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is accounted for righteousness. 6Even as David also pronounces blessing on the man to whom God counts righteousness apart from works, 7“Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, whose sins are covered. 8Blessed is the man whom the Lord will by no means charge with sin.” 9Is this blessing then pronounced on the circumcised, or on the uncircumcised also? For we say that faith was accounted to Abraham for righteousness. 10How then was it counted? When he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision. 11He received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while he was in uncircumcision, that he might be the father of all those who believe, though they might be in uncircumcision, that righteousness might also be accounted to them. 12He is the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had in uncircumcision. 13For the promise to Abraham and to his offspring that he should be heir of the world wasn’t through the law, but through the righteousness of faith. 14For if those who are of the law are heirs, faith is made void, and the promise is made of no effect. 15For the law produces wrath, for where there is no law, neither is there disobedience. 16For this cause it is of faith, that it may be according to grace, to the end that the promise may be sure to all the offspring, not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all. 17As it is written, “I have made you a father of many nations.” This is in the presence of him whom he believed: God, who gives life to the dead, and calls the things that are not, as though they were. 18Besides hope, Abraham in hope believed, to the end that he might become a father of many nations, according to that which had been spoken, “So will your offspring be.” 19Without being weakened in faith, he didn’t consider his own body, already having been worn out, (he being about a hundred years old), and the deadness of Sarah’s womb. 20Yet, looking to the promise of God, he didn’t waver through unbelief, but grew strong through faith, giving glory to God, 21and being fully assured that what he had promised, he was also able to perform. 22Therefore it also was “credited to him for righteousness.” 23Now it was not written that it was accounted to him for his sake alone, 24but for our sake also, to whom it will be accounted, who believe in him who raised Jesus, our Lord, from the dead, 25who was delivered up for our trespasses, and was raised for our justification.
World English Bible (public domain)
“For what does the Scripture say? 'Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness.'”
Romans 4:3
Summary
In Romans chapter 4, Paul illustrates the principle of justification by faith using Abraham as the prime example. He argues that Abraham was justified by faith before he was circumcised, highlighting that righteousness comes not from works or adherence to the law, but through faith. This means that both Jews and Gentiles can be justified through faith, unifying all believers under the promise given to Abraham. Paul emphasizes that the promise depends on faith so that it may rest on grace and be guaranteed to all of Abraham's offspring. The chapter concludes with the powerful declaration that righteousness will be credited to us who believe in Him who raised Jesus from the dead, emphasizing the central Christian belief in the efficacy of Christ's resurrection for our justification. Key themes include faith versus works, the universality of God's promise, the significance of grace, and the power of the resurrection.
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Chapter outline
How Romans 4 unfolds
Romans 4:1–3 Abraham's Justification by Faith
Paul questions what Abraham found regarding justification. He asserts that Abraham was justified by faith, not by works, citing Scripture.
Romans 4:4–8 Grace Versus Works
The text contrasts the concepts of grace and works, indicating that righteousness is credited to those who believe, not to those who perform.
Romans 4:9–12 The Nature of Blessing
Paul explores whether the blessing of righteousness applies to circumcised or uncircumcised believers, affirming Abraham’s faith as the basis for both.
Romans 4:13–16 Promise to Abraham
The promise to Abraham is shown to be based on faith rather than the law, ensuring that it extends to all believers.
Romans 4:17–22 Faith and Assurance
Abraham’s unwavering faith in God's promise, despite his age, exemplifies the strength of belief, which is credited to him as righteousness.
Romans 4:23–25 Righteousness for All Believers
The chapter concludes by affirming that the righteousness credited to Abraham applies to all who believe in the resurrection of Jesus.
Key verses
Romans 4:3Romans 4:3 encapsulates the chapter's main argument, illustrating the foundational principle of faith for righteousness.
Main themes in Romans 4
justification by faith
Justification by faith is a key theme in Romans 4, particularly evident in verses 3 and 5. The chapter illustrates how Abraham was deemed righteous not because of his works but solely through his faith in God. This argument sets the stage for the broader doctrine of justification, emphasizing that it is faith, rather than human effort, that secures righteousness for all who believe.
grace
Grace emerges in Romans 4, especially in verses 4 and 16, where it is contrasted with the law. The text emphasizes that the promise to Abraham is grounded in grace, making it accessible to everyone. This reinforces the idea that salvation is a gift from God, not earned by human effort.
Explore grace in the Bible →universal promise
The universal promise is a significant theme in Romans 4, especially highlighted in verses 11 and 16. Paul presents Abraham as the father of all believers, indicating that his faith transcends ethnic and cultural boundaries. This theme reinforces the idea that God's covenant is inclusive, extending His grace to every individual, regardless of their background or status.
faith and righteousness
The relationship between faith and righteousness is deeply explored in Romans 4, particularly in verses 22 and 24. The text makes it clear that righteousness is credited through faith, rather than through compliance with the law. This connection emphasizes the vital role faith plays in establishing a believer's right standing before God, showcasing its transformative effect on their spiritual journey.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Romans 4
- Galatians 3This passage echoes the theme of justification by faith, reinforcing the unity of believers under Abraham's legacy.
- Genesis 15Genesis 15 connects as it recounts God's promise to Abraham, showing the foundation for faith-based righteousness.
- Romans 8Romans 8 develops the assurance of believers, linking the promise of righteousness to the implications of Christ's work.
- Romans 5This passage connects by elaborating on how faith leads to justification and peace with God through Christ.
- Ephesians 2Ephesians 2 echoes the theme of grace, illustrating salvation as a gift, not a result of works.
- Ephesians 3This passage develops the concept of the universal promise, emphasizing God's plan for all peoples through Christ.
Study questions
Questions for studying Romans 4
- What does Paul assert about Abraham's justification in Romans 4?
- How does the chapter address the relationship between faith and works?
- In what way is Abraham a father to both circumcised and uncircumcised?
- What role does grace play in the promise given to Abraham?
- How does Abraham's faith serve as a model for believers today?
- What implications does the resurrection of Jesus have for justification?
- Why is the concept of righteousness crucial in this chapter?
Romans 4: frequently asked questions
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