Acts 25
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1Festus therefore, having come into the province, after three days went up to Jerusalem from Caesarea. 2Then the high priest and the principal men of the Jews informed him against Paul, and they begged him, 3asking a favor against him, that he would summon him to Jerusalem; plotting to kill him on the way. 4However Festus answered that Paul should be kept in custody at Caesarea, and that he himself was about to depart shortly. 5“Let them therefore”, said he, “that are in power among you go down with me, and if there is anything wrong in the man, let them accuse him.” 6When he had stayed among them more than ten days, he went down to Caesarea, and on the next day he sat on the judgment seat, and commanded Paul to be brought. 7When he had come, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing against him many and grievous charges which they could not prove, 8while he said in his defense, “Neither against the law of the Jews, nor against the temple, nor against Caesar, have I sinned at all.” 9But Festus, desiring to gain favor with the Jews, answered Paul and said, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem, and be judged by me there concerning these things?” 10But Paul said, “I am standing before Caesar’s judgment seat, where I ought to be tried. I have done no wrong to the Jews, as you also know very well. 11For if I have done wrong, and have committed anything worthy of death, I don’t refuse to die; but if none of those things is true that they accuse me of, no one can give me up to them. I appeal to Caesar!” 12Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, “You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you shall go.” 13Now when some days had passed, King Agrippa and Bernice arrived at Caesarea, and greeted Festus. 14As he stayed there many days, Festus laid Paul’s case before the king, saying, “There is a certain man left a prisoner by Felix; 15about whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, asking for a sentence against him. 16To whom I answered that it is not the custom of the Romans to give up any man to destruction, before the accused has met the accusers face to face, and has had opportunity to make his defense concerning the matter laid against him. 17When therefore they had come together here, I didn’t delay, but on the next day sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought. 18Concerning whom, when the accusers stood up, they brought no charge of such things as I supposed; 19but had certain questions against him about their own religion, and about one Jesus, who was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive. 20Being perplexed how to inquire concerning these things, I asked whether he was willing to go to Jerusalem and there be judged concerning these matters. 21But when Paul had appealed to be kept for the decision of the emperor, I commanded him to be kept until I could send him to Caesar.” 22Agrippa said to Festus, “I also would like to hear the man myself.” “Tomorrow,” he said, “you shall hear him.” 23So on the next day, when Agrippa and Bernice had come with great pomp, and they had entered into the place of hearing with the commanding officers and the principal men of the city, at the command of Festus, Paul was brought in. 24Festus said, “King Agrippa, and all men who are here present with us, you see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews petitioned me, both at Jerusalem and here, crying that he ought not to live any longer. 25But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and as he himself appealed to the emperor I determined to send him, 26of whom I have no certain thing to write to my lord. Therefore I have brought him out before you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, that, after examination, I may have something to write. 27For it seems to me unreasonable, in sending a prisoner, not to also specify the charges against him.”
World English Bible (public domain)
“"But Paul said, 'I am standing before Caesar’s tribunal, where I ought to be tried. To the Jews I have done no wrong, as you yourself know very well.'"”
Acts 25:10
Summary
In Acts 25, Paul continues to be held in Roman custody, and a new governor, Festus, arrives in Jerusalem. The Jewish leaders see an opportunity to accuse Paul again and request that he be brought to Jerusalem, planning an ambush to kill him. Festus decides to keep Paul in Caesarea and invites the leaders to present their charges there. At the trial in Caesarea, the Jews make serious accusations, but again, Paul defends himself, denying the charges. Festus, wishing to curry favor with the Jews, asks Paul if he would go to Jerusalem for another trial, to which Paul appeals to Caesar, seeking imperial review in Rome. Festus consults with King Agrippa II and his sister Bernice, who visit Caesarea. They express interest in hearing Paul themselves. The chapter highlights the tensions between Roman political maneuvering, Jewish religious leadership, and Paul's assertion of his rights and calling. The chapter underscores themes of justice, divine sovereignty, and the mission of the gospel. Despite human schemes, Paul's path aligns with God’s sovereign plan to witness in Rome. The theological significance lies in the sovereignty of God in using political structures to achieve divine purposes. It depicts the relentless spread of the gospel despite earthly trials and illustrates Paul's unwavering faith and reliance on God's promise. The chapter also highlights his wisdom in navigating complex legal situations while maintaining his commitment to his mission.
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Chapter outline
How Acts 25 unfolds
Acts 25:1–5 Festus arrives and hears accusations
Festus, the new governor, travels from Caesarea to Jerusalem, where the Jewish leaders plot against Paul, seeking to have him killed.
Acts 25:6–12 Paul's defense and appeal
Festus convenes a trial, but Paul defends himself against unproven charges and appeals to Caesar, asserting his rights.
Acts 25:13–21 King Agrippa's interest
King Agrippa and Bernice arrive, and Festus discusses Paul's case, highlighting the complexity of the charges.
Acts 25:22–26 Festus presents Paul to Agrippa
Festus prepares to send Paul to Caesar but seeks Agrippa's input, indicating confusion about the charges to report.
Acts 25:27 Unreasonable charges
Festus concludes that it is unreasonable to send Paul without charges, setting the stage for further examination.
Key verses
Acts 25:10Acts 25:10 encapsulates Paul's assertion of his rights and the legal context of his trial.
Main themes in Acts 25
justice
Justice is central as Paul defends himself before Festus and Agrippa, particularly in verse 8. Throughout Acts 25, the chapter develops this theme by illustrating the conflict between Roman law and Jewish accusations, revealing the complexities of seeking justice. This theme highlights the struggle for true justice in a situation where political and religious interests often manipulate the legal process, ultimately affecting the outcome for Paul.
divine sovereignty
Divine sovereignty is highlighted in Paul's appeal to Caesar, particularly in verse 11. The chapter develops this theme by demonstrating how, despite the plots against him, Paul’s course of action aligns with God's overarching purpose, showing that divine oversight governs even complex political circumstances. This theme serves to remind readers that God's plans are fulfilled, regardless of human intentions or legal challenges.
mission
Paul's mission surfaces as he remains steadfast in proclaiming the gospel despite imprisonment, as seen in verse 11. The chapter illustrates how Paul's legal struggles serve to further the mission of the church, expanding its reach to the highest authorities. This reinforces the idea that adversity can advance God's message.
faith and perseverance
Paul's unwavering faith is evident as he appeals to Caesar, especially in verse 10. The chapter illustrates this theme by showing how Paul's steadfast confidence in God’s promises sustains him through various trials and injustices he faces. This theme encourages believers to emulate Paul's example of perseverance and faith, reinforcing the Christian call to remain resolute in their convictions, even when confronted with significant challenges.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Acts 25
- Acts 24Acts 24 connects as Paul faces previous charges before Felix, setting the stage for ongoing trials.
- Acts 23Acts 23 develops the narrative of Paul's defense and the political intrigue surrounding his imprisonment.
- Acts 26Acts 26 echoes the themes of trial and defense, as Paul ultimately speaks before Agrippa.
- Acts 28Acts 28 connects as it recounts Paul's journey to Rome, fulfilling his appeal to Caesar.
- Acts 18Acts 18 develops Paul’s missionary context, where he first faced opposition that led to his trials.
- Acts 22Acts 22 echoes Paul's defense and his Roman citizenship, establishing his legal rights.
Study questions
Questions for studying Acts 25
- Who is Festus and what role does he play in Paul's trial?
- What do the Jewish leaders accuse Paul of, and how does he respond?
- Why does Paul appeal to Caesar, and what rights does this reflect?
- How does Festus's desire for favor with the Jews complicate the trial?
- What is the significance of Agrippa's interest in hearing Paul?
- In what way does this chapter highlight the theme of justice?
- How does this chapter contribute to the larger narrative of Paul's mission?
Acts 25: frequently asked questions
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