Isaiah 28
Read Isaiah 28 (WEB)+
1Woe to the crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim, and to the fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fertile valley of those who are overcome with wine! 2Behold, the Lord has a mighty and strong one. Like a storm of hail, a destroying storm, and like a storm of mighty waters overflowing, he will cast them down to the earth with his hand. 3The crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim will be trodden under foot. 4The fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fertile valley, shall be like the first-ripe fig before the summer; which someone picks and eats as soon as he sees it. 5In that day, Yahweh of Armies will become a crown of glory, and a diadem of beauty, to the residue of his people; 6and a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment, and strength to those who turn back the battle at the gate. 7They also reel with wine, and stagger with strong drink. The priest and the prophet reel with strong drink. They are swallowed up by wine. They stagger with strong drink. They err in vision. They stumble in judgment. 8For all tables are completely full of filthy vomit and filthiness. 9Whom will he teach knowledge? To whom will he explain the message? Those who are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts? 10For it is precept on precept, precept on precept; line on line, line on line; here a little, there a little. 11But he will speak to this nation with stammering lips and in another language; 12to whom he said, “This is the resting place. Give rest to weary”; and “This is the refreshing”; yet they would not hear. 13Therefore Yahweh’s word will be to them precept on precept, precept on precept; line on line, line on line; here a little, there a little; that they may go, fall backward, be broken, be snared, and be taken. 14Therefore hear Yahweh’s word, you scoffers, that rule this people in Jerusalem: 15“Because you have said, ‘We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol are we in agreement. When the overflowing scourge passes through, it won’t come to us; for we have made lies our refuge, and we have hidden ourselves under falsehood.’” 16Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh, “Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious cornerstone of a sure foundation. He who believes shall not act hastily. 17I will make justice the measuring line, and righteousness the plumb line. The hail will sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters will overflow the hiding place. 18Your covenant with death shall be annulled, and your agreement with Sheol shall not stand. When the overflowing scourge passes through, then you will be trampled down by it. 19As often as it passes through, it will seize you; for morning by morning it will pass through, by day and by night; and it will be nothing but terror to understand the message.” 20For the bed is too short to stretch out on, and the blanket is too narrow to wrap oneself in. 21For Yahweh will rise up as on Mount Perazim. He will be angry as in the valley of Gibeon; that he may do his work, his unusual work, and bring to pass his act, his extraordinary act. 22Now therefore don’t be scoffers, lest your bonds be made strong; for I have heard a decree of destruction from the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, on the whole earth. 23Give ear, and hear my voice! Listen, and hear my speech! 24Does he who plows to sow plow continually? Does he keep turning the soil and breaking the clods? 25When he has leveled its surface, doesn’t he plant the dill, and scatter the cumin seed, and put in the wheat in rows, the barley in the appointed place, and the spelt in its place? 26For his God instructs him in right judgment, and teaches him. 27For the dill are not threshed with a sharp instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned over the cumin; but the dill is beaten out with a stick, and the cumin with a rod. 28Bread flour must be ground; so he will not always be threshing it. Although he drives the wheel of his threshing cart over it, his horses don’t grind it. 29This also comes out from Yahweh of Armies, who is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in wisdom.
World English Bible (public domain)
“Therefore thus says the Lord God, 'Behold, I am the one who has laid as a foundation in Zion, a stone, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone, of a sure foundation: “Whoever believes will not be in haste.”'”
Isaiah 28:16
Summary
Isaiah 28 begins with a woe pronounced upon the northern kingdom of Israel (often referred to as Ephraim) for their pride and drunkenness, symbolized by its leaders' garlands swiftly fading away. Isaiah proclaims that their self-indulgence leads to downfall, with Assyria being the tool of judgment. Despite this, God promises a remnant will remain; a future hope for a people restored in righteousness. The chapter shifts focus from Ephraim to Judah, where similar warnings of judgment loom. The leaders of Judah respond to threats with political machinations, forming 'covenants with death' instead of trusting in God's deliverance. Isaiah declares the futility of these covenants, urging trust in God's cornerstone laid in Zion—a call to faith in God as the foundation of salvation.
Go deeper
Ask the AI about Isaiah 28
Bring your question about the chapter, the key verse, or how this passage fits the rest of Scripture.
Daily Scripture study
Get a short devotional by email
One passage, one reflection, and one practical question for the day.
Subscribe free and instantly get “Depth Without Seminary” — our step-by-step study guide (PDF).
One short email each morning. Unsubscribe anytime.
Studying Isaiah with a print Bible beside you? See our picks for the best study Bibles for men.
Chapter outline
How Isaiah 28 unfolds
Isaiah 28:1–4 Woe to Ephraim's Pride and Indulgence
Isaiah pronounces judgment on Ephraim for their pride and drunkenness, using imagery of fading flowers and fig trees to illustrate their impending downfall.
Isaiah 28:5–6 Promise of Glory for the Remnant
God promises that He will be a crown of glory for the remnant of His people, providing justice and strength for those who stand firm.
Isaiah 28:7–13 Judgment on Corrupt Leaders
Isaiah condemns the leaders and prophets who are drunk and confused, indicating that their inability to discern truth leads to their downfall.
Isaiah 28:14–19 Covenant with Death Exposed
The leaders' false security in their covenant with death is challenged, revealing the futility of their reliance on lies instead of God.
Isaiah 28:20–22 God's Justice and Warning
Isaiah warns that divine judgment will come, urging the people not to scoff at God's decrees, as He prepares to act.
Isaiah 28:23–29 Wisdom in God's Agricultural Design
Isaiah uses agricultural metaphors to illustrate God's wisdom and the need for discernment in understanding His ways and judgments.
Key verses
Isaiah 28:16Isaiah 28:16 encapsulates the chapter's essence, emphasizing God's role as the steadfast foundation amid judgment.
Main themes in Isaiah 28
judgment and hope
Judgment and hope are woven throughout Isaiah 28, particularly in verses 1-3, which condemn the pride of Ephraim. The judgment pronounced on this northern kingdom illustrates the consequences of turning away from God, highlighting the seriousness of their sin. However, in verses 5-6, a note of hope emerges as God promises to save a remnant, demonstrating His willingness to extend mercy and restoration despite the impending judgment.
pride and downfall
The theme of pride and downfall is evident in the opening verses, where Ephraim's pride leads to their impending destruction. As the chapter unfolds, it highlights how this pride blinds them to their need for God's guidance. Ultimately, their downfall serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of arrogance.
the foundation of faith
The foundation of faith is central in verse 16, where God announces the laying of a cornerstone in Zion. This cornerstone serves as a metaphor for stability and security, emphasizing the importance of trusting in God's promises rather than relying on human schemes. This theme not only reflects the immediate context but also foreshadows a deeper understanding of faith that will be fully realized through Jesus Christ in the New Testament.
trust in God's promises
Trust in God's promises appears prominently in the contrast between the leaders' false covenants and God's true covenant. In verses 14-19, the leaders' reliance on lies leads to their failure, while God's assurance in verse 16 offers solid ground for those who believe. This reinforces the importance of relying on God over human schemes.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Isaiah 28
- 1 Peter 2This passage echoes the theme of Christ as the cornerstone, drawing from Isaiah's promise of a stable foundation.
- Romans 9Romans 9 connects by discussing God's sovereignty in choosing a remnant, reflecting Isaiah's message of hope amidst judgment.
- Acts 4Acts 4 develops the cornerstone imagery as it refers to Jesus as the fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecy regarding God's foundation.
- Matthew 21Matthew 21 connects with the rejection of God's chosen one, paralleling the themes of judgment in Isaiah 28.
- Psalm 118Psalm 118 echoes the cornerstone theme, emphasizing God's chosen foundation and the trust placed in Him.
- Romans 10Romans 10 connects by highlighting the necessity of faith in God's promises, aligning with the call to trust found in Isaiah.
Study questions
Questions for studying Isaiah 28
- What does Isaiah say about the pride of Ephraim in verses 1-4?
- How does God promise to support the remnant in verses 5-6?
- What imagery is used to describe the failures of the leaders in verses 7-13?
- What does the covenant with death represent in verses 14-19?
- How does Isaiah illustrate God's wisdom in verses 23-29?
- What role does judgment play in the overall message of Isaiah 28?
- How do the agricultural metaphors enhance understanding of God's justice?
Isaiah 28: frequently asked questions
What is Isaiah 28 about?+
What is the key verse in Isaiah 28?+
What are the main themes of Isaiah 28?+
Related chapters