ScriptureDepth's study of 1 Chronicles 24
“These likewise cast lots even as their brothers the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, Zadok, Ahimelech, and the heads of the fathers’ households of the priests and of the Levites; the fathers’ households of the chief even as those of his younger brother.”
1 Chronicles 24:31
The chronicler recounts the casting of lots for service by the Levites and priests, establishing their roles in worship at Yahweh's house under David's leadership.
What 1 Chronicles 24 is about
The divisions of Aaron's sons are named: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar (vv. 1-2). Nadab and Abihu died without children. Therefore, Eleazar and Ithamar served as priests. David, along with Zadok and Ahimelech, divided the priests by their service (v. 3). There were more leaders from Eleazar than from Ithamar. Sixteen heads of families came from Eleazar, and eight came from Ithamar (vv. 4-5). They drew lots to assign duties. Shemaiah the scribe recorded these divisions in front of the king and the priests (vv. 6, 8-19). The lots determined the order of service for the priests. Other Levite families are also listed (vv. 20-31). These include Shubael, Rehabiah, and the sons of Merari. They cast lots similarly to the sons of Aaron for their service (v. 31).
This division was done according to the ordinance given by Aaron as commanded by Yahweh.
1 Chronicles 24 at a glance
- 1 Chronicles 24:1–3Divisions of Aaron's Sons
- 1 Chronicles 24:4–6Division of Duties
- 1 Chronicles 24:7–19Casting Lots for Service
- 1 Chronicles 24:20–31Other Levite Families
Key verse: 1 Chronicles 24:31
One thing to notice
Lots are cast for service in vv. 5-19 for the priests and again in v. 31 for the Levites. This process determines the roles of both groups in the sacred duties associated with their service.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read 1 Chronicles 24 (WEB)
Divisions of Aaron's Sons 1 Chronicles 24:1–3
1Verse 1. These were the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 2Verse 2. But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and had no children: therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest’s office. 3Verse 3. David with Zadok of the sons of Eleazar and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, divided them according to their ordering in their service.
Division of Duties 1 Chronicles 24:4–6
4Verse 4. There were more chief men found of the sons of Eleazar than of the sons of Ithamar; and they were divided like this: of the sons of Eleazar there were sixteen, heads of fathers’ houses; and of the sons of Ithamar, according to their fathers’ houses, eight. 5Verse 5. Thus were they divided impartially by drawing lots; for there were princes of the sanctuary, and princes of God, both of the sons of Eleazar, and of the sons of Ithamar. 6Verse 6. Shemaiah the son of Nethanel the scribe, who was of the Levites, wrote them in the presence of the king, the princes, Zadok the priest, Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and the heads of the fathers’ households of the priests and of the Levites; one fathers’ house being taken for Eleazar, and one taken for Ithamar.
Casting Lots for Service 1 Chronicles 24:7–19
7Verse 7. Now the first lot came out to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, 8Verse 8. the third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim, 9Verse 9. the fifth to Malchijah, the sixth to Mijamin, 10Verse 10. the seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah, 11Verse 11. the ninth to Jeshua, the tenth to Shecaniah, 12Verse 12. the eleventh to Eliashib, the twelfth to Jakim,
13Verse 13. the thirteenth to Huppah, the fourteenth to Jeshebeab, 14Verse 14. the fifteenth to Bilgah, the sixteenth to Immer, 15Verse 15. the seventeenth to Hezir, the eighteenth to Happizzez, 16Verse 16. the nineteenth to Pethahiah, the twentieth to Jehezkel, 17Verse 17. the twenty-first to Jachin, the twenty-second to Gamul, 18Verse 18. the twenty-third to Delaiah, and the twenty-fourth to Maaziah.
19Verse 19. This was their ordering in their service, to come into Yahweh’s house according to the ordinance given to them by Aaron their father, as Yahweh, the God of Israel, had commanded him.
Other Levite Families 1 Chronicles 24:20–31
20Verse 20. Of the rest of the sons of Levi: of the sons of Amram, Shubael; of the sons of Shubael, Jehdeiah. 21Verse 21. Of Rehabiah: of the sons of Rehabiah, Isshiah the chief. 22Verse 22. Of the Izharites, Shelomoth; of the sons of Shelomoth, Jahath. 23Verse 23. The sons of Hebron: Jeriah, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth. 24Verse 24. The sons of Uzziel: Micah; of the sons of Micah, Shamir. 25Verse 25. The brother of Micah: Isshiah; of the sons of Isshiah, Zechariah.
26Verse 26. The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. The son of Jaaziah: Beno. 27Verse 27. The sons of Merari: of Jaaziah, Beno, Shoham, Zaccur, and Ibri. 28Verse 28. Of Mahli: Eleazar, who had no sons. 29Verse 29. Of Kish, the son of Kish: Jerahmeel. 30Verse 30. The sons of Mushi: Mahli, Eder, and Jerimoth. These were the sons of the Levites after their fathers’ houses. 31Verse 31. These likewise cast lots even as their brothers the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, Zadok, Ahimelech, and the heads of the fathers’ households of the priests and of the Levites; the fathers’ households of the chief even as those of his younger brother.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in 1 Chronicles 24
Order in Worship
This chapter outlines the structure of the priestly service by detailing the divisions of Aaron's sons in verses 1-3. It states that 'David with Zadok of the sons of Eleazar and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar divided them according to their ordering in their service.' This organization establishes a clear order for worship in the temple and provides a systematic framework for serving God within the Israelite community.
Significance of the Priesthood
In vv. 1-2, the chapter records the lineage of Aaron's sons and notes the deaths of Nadab and Abihu, leaving Eleazar and Ithamar to perform the priest's office. The text shows how key figures like 'Zadok the priest' and 'Ahimelech the son of Abiathar' are involved in determining priestly duties, affirming the priesthood's role in mediating between God and the people.
Divine Guidance
The chapter details divine guidance in the organization of priestly service through the casting of lots in verses 5-19. The lots are used to determine the order in which the priests serve, affirming that 'this was their ordering in their service, to come into Yahweh’s house according to the ordinance given to them by Aaron their father.' This process indicates the belief that God directs the duties of the priests.
Community in Service
Community in service is evident as the chapter lists the divisions of both the Aaronic priests and the Levites in verses 20-31. Various families and their leaders, such as 'Shubael' and 'Isshiah the chief,' are mentioned to show the collective responsibility in worship. The casting of lots for both priests and Levites occurs 'in the presence of David the king,' highlighting the idea of communal participation in serving God.
Chapter outline
How 1 Chronicles 24 unfolds
1 Chronicles 24:1–3 Divisions of Aaron's Sons
The text identifies the sons of Aaron: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar (v. 1). It notes the deaths of Nadab and Abihu, leaving Eleazar and Ithamar to perform the priestly duties (vv. 2-3).
1 Chronicles 24:4–6 Division of Duties
David, with Zadok and Ahimelech, organizes the priests by their lineage and allocates duties based on a greater number of chief men from Eleazar compared to Ithamar (vv. 4-6).
1 Chronicles 24:7–19 Casting Lots for Service
Lots are cast to determine the order of service for the priests, resulting in a specific arrangement of divisions, starting with Jehoiarib and ending with Maaziah (vv. 7-19).
1 Chronicles 24:20–31 Other Levite Families
This section names the families of Levites, including 'Shubael' from Amram and 'Isshiah the chief' from Rehabiah. The Levites cast lots for their roles in the presence of David, Zadok, and Ahimelech, as noted in verse 31.
Key verses
1 Chronicles 24:31The chronicler recounts the casting of lots for service by the Levites and priests, establishing their roles in worship at Yahweh's house under David's leadership.
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Study questions
Questions for studying 1 Chronicles 24
- observeIn v3, who divided the priests according to their service?
- observeWhat does the phrase 'by drawing lots' in v5 indicate about the selection process?
- interpretThe divisions listed in vv. 7-19: what might the varied numbers imply about priestly roles?
- interpretIn v19, why does the text emphasize 'according to the ordinance given to them'?
- applyWhen have you experienced the need for 'order' in your own responsibilities?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo 1 Chronicles 24
- 1 Chronicles 231 Chronicles 24:1 and 1 Chronicles 23:6Both divided them: 1 Chronicles 24:1 says divisions of Aaron, while 1 Chronicles 23:6 mentions divisions of Levi.
- Luke 11 Chronicles 24:10 and Luke 1:5Both priestly divisions: 1 Chronicles 24:10 lists Abijah, while Luke 1:5 identifies Zacharias as of that division.
- 1 Chronicles 61 Chronicles 24:1 and 1 Chronicles 6:3Both sons of Aaron: 1 Chronicles 24:1 names Nadab, Abihu, while 1 Chronicles 6:3 includes the same names.
- 1 Chronicles 261 Chronicles 24:31 and 1 Chronicles 26:13Both cast lots: 1 Chronicles 24:31 mentions lots for service, while 1 Chronicles 26:13 refers to lots for gates.
- Nehemiah 121 Chronicles 24:10 and Nehemiah 12:4Both mention Abijah: 1 Chronicles 24:10 lists Abijah, while Nehemiah 12:4 includes it in priestly names.
- Ezra 21 Chronicles 24:7 and Ezra 2:36Both children of Jedaiah: 1 Chronicles 24:7 refers to them, while Ezra 2:36 counts them.
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Where to go from here
- 1 Chronicles: the whole bookWritten for the small community that returned from Babylon, 1 Chronicles retells Israel's story to answer…
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