2 Chronicles 35
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1Josiah kept a Passover to Yahweh in Jerusalem. They killed the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month. 2He set the priests in their offices, and encouraged them in the service of Yahweh’s house. 3He said to the Levites who taught all Israel, who were holy to Yahweh, “Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David king of Israel built. It will no longer be a burden on your shoulders. Now serve Yahweh your God, and his people Israel. 4Prepare yourselves after your fathers’ houses by your divisions, according to the writing of David king of Israel, and according to the writing of Solomon his son. 5Stand in the holy place according to the divisions of the fathers’ houses of your brothers the children of the people, and let there be for each a portion of a fathers’ house of the Levites. 6Kill the Passover, sanctify yourselves, and prepare for your brothers, to do according to Yahweh’s word by Moses.” 7Josiah gave to the children of the people, of the flock, lambs and young goats, all of them for the Passover offerings, to all who were present, to the number of thirty thousand, and three thousand bulls. These were of the king’s substance. 8His princes gave for a freewill offering to the people, to the priests, and to the Levites. Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, the rulers of God’s house, gave to the priests for the Passover offerings two thousand six hundred small livestock, and three hundred head of cattle. 9Conaniah also, and Shemaiah and Nethanel, his brothers, and Hashabiah, Jeiel, and Jozabad, the chiefs of the Levites, gave to the Levites for the Passover offerings five thousand small livestock and five hundred head of cattle. 10So the service was prepared, and the priests stood in their place, and the Levites by their divisions, according to the king’s commandment. 11They killed the Passover, and the priests sprinkled the blood which they received of their hand, and the Levites flayed them. 12They removed the burnt offerings, that they might give them according to the divisions of the fathers’ houses of the children of the people, to offer to Yahweh, as it is written in the book of Moses. They did the same with the cattle. 13They roasted the Passover with fire according to the ordinance. They boiled the holy offerings in pots, in cauldrons, and in pans, and carried them quickly to all the children of the people. 14Afterward they prepared for themselves and for the priests, because the priests the sons of Aaron were busy with offering the burnt offerings and the fat until night. Therefore the Levites prepared for themselves and for the priests the sons of Aaron. 15The singers the sons of Asaph were in their place, according to the commandment of David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king’s seer; and the gatekeepers were at every gate. They didn’t need to depart from their service, because their brothers the Levites prepared for them. 16So all the service of Yahweh was prepared the same day, to keep the Passover, and to offer burnt offerings on Yahweh’s altar, according to the commandment of king Josiah. 17The children of Israel who were present kept the Passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days. 18There was no Passover like that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet, nor did any of the kings of Israel keep such a Passover as Josiah kept, with the priests, the Levites, and all Judah and Israel who were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 19This passover was kept in the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah. 20After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Neco king of Egypt went up to fight against Carchemish by the Euphrates, and Josiah went out against him. 21But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, “What have I to do with you, you king of Judah? I come not against you today, but against the house with which I have war. God has commanded me to make haste. Beware that it is God who is with me, that he not destroy you.” 22Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and didn’t listen to the words of Neco from the mouth of God, and came to fight in the valley of Megiddo. 23The archers shot at king Josiah; and the king said to his servants, “Take me away, because I am seriously wounded!” 24So his servants took him out of the chariot, and put him in the second chariot that he had, and brought him to Jerusalem; and he died, and was buried in the tombs of his fathers. All Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah. 25Jeremiah lamented for Josiah, and all the singing men and singing women spoke of Josiah in their lamentations to this day; and they made them an ordinance in Israel. Behold, they are written in the lamentations. 26Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and his good deeds, according to that which is written in Yahweh’s law, 27and his acts, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.
World English Bible (public domain)
“And the Passover was kept, and the sacrifices were offered on the fourteenth day of the first month. The priests and the Levites were ashamed, and they consecrated themselves and brought burnt offerings to the house of the LORD. 2 Chronicles 35:16”
2 Chronicles 35:16
Summary
2 Chronicles chapter 35 recounts the celebration of Passover during the reign of King Josiah, a pivotal event demonstrating the king's faithfulness to God and his desire to restore proper worship in Judah. Josiah organized the observance with great attention to detail, ensuring that the priests and Levites were prepared and that the sacrifices were made according to the Law of Moses. The chapter highlights the communal aspect of worship, as all the people from Judah and even those from Israel were invited, emphasizing their unity in covenant relationship with God. The chapter also notes the importance of the Passover festival as a remembrance of God's deliverance of His people from Egypt, underscoring the historical and theological significance of remembering God's saving acts. Josiah's reforms and his heartfelt commitment to follow God stand as a testament to his leadership and devotion, contrasting sharply with the spiritual decline that had characterized previous kings. Furthermore, the successful celebration of Passover is marked by a sense of joy and reverence among the people, indicating a renewed desire to come together in worship and to honor God in a way that had not been seen for generations. This chapter serves as an invitation for believers to reflect on the importance of communal worship and the power of remembering God's past faithfulness in our lives.
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Chapter outline
How 2 Chronicles 35 unfolds
2 Chronicles 35:1–2 Josiah's Passover Preparation
Josiah organized a Passover in Jerusalem, killing the lambs on the fourteenth day of the first month, marking his commitment to proper worship.
2 Chronicles 35:3–6 Instructions to the Priests and Levites
Josiah instructed the priests and Levites to prepare the holy ark and serve according to the Law, ensuring they were sanctified for their roles.
2 Chronicles 35:7–9 Offerings for the Passover
Josiah provided lambs and young goats for the Passover, with contributions from his princes and Levite chiefs, highlighting communal generosity.
2 Chronicles 35:10–16 Execution of the Passover
The priests and Levites performed the sacrifices and offerings as commanded, with singers and gatekeepers fulfilling their roles in the celebration.
2 Chronicles 35:17–19 Observance of Passover
The people of Israel celebrated the Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread together, creating a sense of unity and reverence for God's deliverance.
2 Chronicles 35:20–24 Josiah's Conflict with Neco
King Josiah confronted Neco of Egypt, disregarding the warning from Neco about divine command, leading to his fatal injury in battle.
2 Chronicles 35:25–27 Lament for Josiah
After Josiah's death, lamentations were established in his memory, documenting his good deeds and reinforcing his legacy within Israel and Judah.
Key verses
2 Chronicles 35:162 Chronicles 35:16 is pivotal as it captures the essence of Josiah's faithful observance of Passover, affirming his commitment to Yahweh.
Main themes in 2 Chronicles 35
Worship and Sacrifice
Worship and sacrifice are central to this chapter as Josiah organizes a significant Passover, detailed in verses 1-6. The meticulous preparations, including the selection of unblemished lambs and the offering of sacrifices, demonstrate a revival of genuine worship in Judah. This theme emphasizes the importance of adhering to God's commands and the communal nature of worship, reflecting the people's desire to honor Him collectively.
Covenantal Faithfulness
Josiah’s commitment to keeping the Passover reflects the theme of covenantal faithfulness in verses 17-19. His diligent observance and restoration of the Passover highlight a renewed commitment to the covenant relationship between God and Israel, showcasing a clear obedience to the law. This faithfulness serves as a significant contrast to the actions of previous kings, illustrating a moment of spiritual renewal that reestablishes the people's connection to their God.
Community in Faith
The chapter illustrates community in faith as all of Israel and Judah participate in the Passover celebration, seen in verses 17-18. The participation of diverse groups, from priests to laypeople, fosters unity and a shared identity among God’s people, reinforcing their collective faith. This communal act signifies the importance of togetherness in worship, highlighting how shared remembrance strengthens their bonds and commitment to God.
Remembrance of God's Deliverance
The observance of Passover serves as a remembrance of God's deliverance, particularly in verses 17-19. By celebrating this festival, the people recall their liberation from Egypt, which is foundational to their identity as God's chosen people. This act of remembrance not only connects their historical deliverance to present worship but also reinforces the theme of God's ongoing faithfulness throughout generations.
Cross-references
Passages that echo 2 Chronicles 35
- 2 Chronicles 30This passage echoes the theme of national repentance and celebration of Passover under King Hezekiah, emphasizing restoration.
- 2 Chronicles 29Connects through the idea of temple restoration and proper worship, paralleling Josiah’s reforms.
- Ezra 6Develops the theme of communal worship and the reinstatement of festivals following exile, highlighting Israel's return to God.
- 2 Kings 23Echoes Josiah's reforms and his dedication to the Law, further illustrating his significant role as a reformer.
- Exodus 12Connects directly as the Passover celebration commemorates the Israelites' deliverance from Egypt, a foundational event in their history.
- 1 Kings 22Develops the narrative of kings confronting foreign powers, contrasting Josiah's faithfulness with the unfaithfulness of previous kings.
Study questions
Questions for studying 2 Chronicles 35
- What actions did Josiah take to prepare for the Passover?
- How did Josiah's instructions demonstrate his leadership?
- What was the significance of the offerings provided for the Passover?
- How did the people respond to the observance of the Passover?
- What consequences did Josiah face for confronting Neco?
- In what ways did the lamentations for Josiah reflect his impact on Israel?
- What does Josiah's celebration of Passover reveal about covenant faithfulness?
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