Acts 1
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1The first book I wrote, Theophilus, concerned all that Jesus began both to do and to teach, 2until the day in which he was received up, after he had given commandment through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom he had chosen. 3To these he also showed himself alive after he suffered, by many proofs, appearing to them over a period of forty days, and speaking about God’s Kingdom. 4Being assembled together with them, he commanded them, “Don’t depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which you heard from me. 5For John indeed baptized in water, but you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit not many days from now.” 6Therefore when they had come together, they asked him, “Lord, are you now restoring the kingdom to Israel?” 7He said to them, “It isn’t for you to know times or seasons which the Father has set within his own authority. 8But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you. You will be witnesses to me in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the uttermost parts of the earth.” 9When he had said these things, as they were looking, he was taken up, and a cloud received him out of their sight. 10While they were looking steadfastly into the sky as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white clothing, 11who also said, “You men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into the sky? This Jesus, who was received up from you into the sky, will come back in the same way as you saw him going into the sky.” 12Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mountain called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day’s journey away. 13When they had come in, they went up into the upper room, where they were staying; that is Peter, John, James, Andrew, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James. 14All these with one accord continued steadfastly in prayer and supplication, along with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers. 15In these days, Peter stood up in the middle of the disciples (and the number of names was about one hundred twenty), and said, 16“Brothers, it was necessary that this Scripture should be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spoke before by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who was guide to those who took Jesus. 17For he was counted with us, and received his portion in this ministry. 18Now this man obtained a field with the reward for his wickedness, and falling headlong, his body burst open, and all his intestines gushed out. 19It became known to everyone who lived in Jerusalem that in their language that field was called ‘Akeldama,’ that is, ‘The field of blood.’ 20For it is written in the book of Psalms, ‘Let his habitation be made desolate. Let no one dwell therein;’ and, ‘Let another take his office.’ 21“Of the men therefore who have accompanied us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, 22beginning from the baptism of John, to the day that he was received up from us, of these one must become a witness with us of his resurrection.” 23They put forward two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also called Justus, and Matthias. 24They prayed, and said, “You, Lord, who know the hearts of all men, show which one of these two you have chosen 25to take part in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas fell away, that he might go to his own place.” 26They drew lots for them, and the lot fell on Matthias, and he was counted with the eleven apostles.
World English Bible (public domain)
“"But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth."”
Acts 1:8
Summary
Acts 1 serves as the bridge between the Gospel accounts of Jesus’ life and death and the spread of the early Church. The chapter opens with Jesus giving final instructions to His apostles, emphasizing the promise of the Holy Spirit, whom the Father had promised. Jesus instructs them to stay in Jerusalem and wait for this divine empowerment. His ascension into heaven follows, witnessed by His apostles who are reminded by two angels that He will return in the same way He ascended. The apostles then return to Jerusalem and gather in the upper room, where they join in constant prayer along with Mary, the mother of Jesus, and other followers. Peter takes a leadership role and addresses the need to replace Judas Iscariot, who had betrayed Jesus. Through prayer and casting lots, Matthias is chosen to join the eleven apostles, restoring their number to twelve. This chapter highlights key themes such as the anticipation of the Holy Spirit's arrival, the establishment of apostolic authority, and the community's commitment to prayer and unity. Theologically, it underscores Jesus' ascension as a pivotal moment that ushered in the age of the Church and the apostles' task to witness to the ends of the earth.
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Chapter outline
How Acts 1 unfolds
Acts 1:1–2 Introduction to the Book
The author addresses Theophilus, referencing a previous account of Jesus' actions and teachings until His ascension.
Acts 1:3–5 Post-Resurrection Appearances
Jesus appears to His apostles for forty days after His resurrection, teaching about God's Kingdom and promising the Holy Spirit.
Acts 1:6–8 Questions on Restoration
The apostles inquire about the restoration of the kingdom to Israel, and Jesus redirects them to the upcoming empowerment by the Holy Spirit.
Acts 1:9–11 Ascension of Jesus
Jesus is taken up into heaven, witnessed by the apostles, who are reminded by angels of His promised return.
Acts 1:12–14 Return to Jerusalem
The apostles return to Jerusalem, gathering in the upper room to pray together with Mary and other followers.
Acts 1:15–20 Peter Addresses the Disciples
Peter speaks to about 120 disciples, explaining the necessity of replacing Judas Iscariot to fulfill Scripture.
Acts 1:21–26 Choosing Matthias
The disciples select Matthias through prayer and casting lots, restoring the apostolic leadership to twelve members.
Key verses
Acts 1:8Acts 1:8 encapsulates the chapter's focus on empowerment for witness, foundational for the early church's mission.
Main themes in Acts 1
Ascension of Jesus
The ascension of Jesus is a central event in Acts 1, specifically noted in verses 9-11. At this moment, Jesus departs from His earthly ministry, which marks a significant transition to the apostles' mission in spreading the gospel. This event not only emphasizes the promise of His return but also signifies the beginning of the apostles' work, which will be empowered by the Holy Spirit in the days to come.
Promise of the Holy Spirit
In verses 4-5, Jesus assures His apostles of the coming Holy Spirit, which serves as a key promise that underpins the entire chapter. This assurance fosters a sense of anticipation among the apostles, shaping their actions and preparing them for the mission ahead. The promise of the Holy Spirit is foundational for the early church, as it equips them to witness effectively to the world.
Prayer and Unity
The theme of prayer and unity surfaces in verses 12-14 as the apostles gather in the upper room to seek God together. Their collective prayer signifies their dependence on divine guidance and highlights the importance of communal discernment during pivotal moments. This unity of purpose among the apostles lays a crucial foundation for the mission that will soon unfold, reinforcing their commitment to work together.
Apostolic Leadership
Peter's leadership in verses 15-20 underscores the necessity of apostolic authority and continuity following Judas' betrayal. The process of selecting Matthias to replace Judas illustrates the apostles' dedication to maintaining the original twelve, which is vital for the church's integrity. This act of leadership reinforces the structure and governance of the early church, ensuring that it remains aligned with Jesus' mission.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Acts 1
- Luke 24Luke's account of the ascension connects to Acts 1, providing a narrative continuity of Jesus' final instructions.
- Acts 2Acts 2 develops the promise of the Holy Spirit made in Acts 1, showcasing the fulfillment of Jesus' words.
- Matthew 28Matthew's Great Commission echoes the call to witness in Acts 1, linking the apostles' mission to Jesus' command.
- Mark 16Mark’s account of Jesus' ascension connects with the empowerment theme and the commissioning of the apostles.
- Matthew 24Matthew's teachings on the end times resonate with the angels' reminder of Jesus' return in Acts 1.
- Acts 4Acts 4 later illustrates the apostles' bold witness empowered by the Holy Spirit, building on Acts 1's promise.
Study questions
Questions for studying Acts 1
- Who is Theophilus and why is he addressed in Acts 1?
- What command does Jesus give to His apostles before His ascension?
- How do the apostles respond to Jesus' promise of the Holy Spirit?
- What role does Peter play in replacing Judas Iscariot?
- How does the community demonstrate unity in prayer during this chapter?
- What significance does the ascension of Jesus hold in the narrative?
- How does the selection of Matthias reflect the early church's leadership structure?
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