ScriptureDepth's study of Ezekiel 1
“Above the expanse that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone. On the likeness of the throne was a likeness as the appearance of a man on it above.”
Ezekiel 1:26
Ezekiel sees a vision of God's glory, where a throne appears above the living creatures, establishing God's sovereign presence amid the captives by the river 'Chebar'.
What Ezekiel 1 is about
Ezekiel introduces his vision in the thirtieth year, during the fifth year of king Jehoiachin’s captivity (vv. 1-2). The word of Yahweh comes to Ezekiel, the priest, as he is in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar, with Yahweh’s hand upon him (vv. 3-4). Ezekiel sees four living creatures with the likeness of a man, each having four faces and four wings (vv. 5-11). These creatures move straight forward, guided by the spirit, without turning as they go (vv. 12-14). Beside them, wheels appear, described as a wheel within a wheel, able to move in any direction (vv. 15-21). Above the creatures is an expanse, resembling awesome crystal (vv. 22-24). Finally, above this expanse, Ezekiel sees a throne with an appearance of a man, radiating brightness and glory like a rainbow after rain (vv. 25-28).
Ezekiel falls on his face and hears the voice of one speaking, leaving him in awe of the divine presence.
Ezekiel 1 at a glance
- Ezekiel 1:1–2Introduction to Ezekiel's Vision
- Ezekiel 1:3–4The Divine Encounter Begins
- Ezekiel 1:5–11The Four Living Creatures
- Ezekiel 1:12–14Movement of the Creatures
- Ezekiel 1:15–21The Wheels Within Wheels
- Ezekiel 1:22–24The Expanse Overhead
- Ezekiel 1:25–28The Vision of God's Glory
Key verse: Ezekiel 1:26
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Ezekiel 1 (WEB)
Introduction to Ezekiel's Vision Ezekiel 1:1–2
1Verse 1. Now in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, in the fifth of the month, as I was among the captives by the river Chebar, the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God. 2Verse 2. In the fifth of the month, which was the fifth year of king Jehoiachin’s captivity,
The Divine Encounter Begins Ezekiel 1:3–4
3Verse 3. Yahweh’s word came to Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar; and Yahweh’s hand was there on him. 4Verse 4. I looked, and behold, a stormy wind came out of the north: a great cloud, with flashing lightning, and a brightness around it, and out of the middle of it as it were glowing metal, out of the middle of the fire.
The Four Living Creatures Ezekiel 1:5–11
5Verse 5. Out of its center came the likeness of four living creatures. This was their appearance: They had the likeness of a man. 6Verse 6. Everyone had four faces, and each one of them had four wings. 7Verse 7. Their feet were straight feet. The sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf’s foot; and they sparkled like burnished brass. 8Verse 8. They had the hands of a man under their wings on their four sides. The four of them had their faces and their wings like this: 9Verse 9. Their wings were joined to one another. They didn’t turn when they went. Each one went straight forward.
10Verse 10. As for the likeness of their faces, they had the face of a man. The four of them had the face of a lion on the right side. The four of them had the face of an ox on the left side. The four of them also had the face of an eagle. 11Verse 11. Such were their faces. Their wings were spread out above. Two wings of each one touched another, and two covered their bodies.
Movement of the Creatures Ezekiel 1:12–14
12Verse 12. Each one went straight forward: where the spirit was to go, they went. They didn’t turn when they went. 13Verse 13. As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals of fire, like the appearance of torches. The fire went up and down among the living creatures. The fire was bright, and lightning went out of the fire. 14Verse 14. The living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a flash of lightning.
The Wheels Within Wheels Ezekiel 1:15–21
15Verse 15. Now as I saw the living creatures, behold, there was one wheel on the earth beside the living creatures, for each of the four faces of it. 16Verse 16. The appearance of the wheels and their work was like a beryl. The four of them had one likeness. Their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel within a wheel. 17Verse 17. When they went, they went in their four directions. They didn’t turn when they went. 18Verse 18. As for their rims, they were high and dreadful; and the four of them had their rims full of eyes all around. 19Verse 19. When the living creatures went, the wheels went beside them. Then the living creatures were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up.
20Verse 20. Wherever the spirit was to go, they went. The spirit was to go there. The wheels were lifted up beside them; for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels. 21Verse 21. When those went, these went. When those stood, these stood. When those were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up beside them; for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.
The Expanse Overhead Ezekiel 1:22–24
22Verse 22. Over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of an expanse, like an awesome crystal to look at, stretched out over their heads above. 23Verse 23. Under the expanse, their wings were straight, one toward the other. Each one had two which covered on this side, and each one had two which covered their bodies on that side. 24Verse 24. When they went, I heard the noise of their wings like the noise of great waters, like the voice of the Almighty, a noise of tumult like the noise of an army. When they stood, they let down their wings.
The Vision of God's Glory Ezekiel 1:25–28
25Verse 25. There was a voice above the expanse that was over their heads. When they stood, they let down their wings. 26Verse 26. Above the expanse that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone. On the likeness of the throne was a likeness as the appearance of a man on it above. 27Verse 27. I saw as it were glowing metal, as the appearance of fire within it all around, from the appearance of his waist and upward; and from the appearance of his waist and downward I saw as it were the appearance of fire, and there was brightness around him.
28Verse 28. As the appearance of the rainbow that is in the cloud in the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness all around. This was the appearance of the likeness of Yahweh’s glory. When I saw it, I fell on my face, and I heard a voice of one that spoke.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Ezekiel 1
God's Glory
In Ezekiel 1, God's glory is vividly portrayed in the vision Ezekiel receives. In v. 28, it states this was the appearance of 'Yahweh’s glory.' The brightness surrounding Him is compared to 'the appearance of the rainbow' in the rain cloud, reinforcing the awe-inspiring nature of God's presence. This powerful imagery of glory culminates in Ezekiel's reaction of falling on his face, indicating the overwhelming impact of the vision.
Divine Presence
The divine presence is central to Ezekiel's encounter as he records the moment Yahweh's word comes to him in v. 3. The text describes how 'Yahweh’s hand was there on him,' signifying the direct involvement of God in Ezekiel's life. This presence is further emphasized through the vision of the living creatures and the throne above them, which conveys a sense of divine authority and nearness to Ezekiel in a time of exile.
Prophetic Vision
Ezekiel's prophetic vision begins in v. 1 when he sees 'visions of God' by the river Chebar. The detailed descriptions of the living creatures and the wheels within wheels in vv. 5-21 indicate a complexity of the divine message he is receiving. This vision serves as the foundation for Ezekiel's prophetic ministry, setting the stage for the messages he will deliver to the exiled Israelites.
Theophany
Ezekiel 1 presents a theophany through the striking vision of God's presence. In verse 26, the description of 'the likeness of a throne' with a figure resembling a man above it signifies a direct encounter with the divine. The scene is characterized by brightness and fire, which convey the holiness surrounding this vision. The chapter concludes with Ezekiel falling on his face, an act that illustrates his reverence in response to this divine revelation.
Chapter outline
How Ezekiel 1 unfolds
Ezekiel 1:1–2 Introduction to Ezekiel's Vision
Ezekiel introduces the timing of his vision, noting that it occurs in the thirtieth year and the fifth year of Jehoiachin's captivity (v. 2). This sets the context for his prophetic ministry.
Ezekiel 1:3–4 The Divine Encounter Begins
Yahweh’s word comes to Ezekiel the priest in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar, with Yahweh’s hand upon him (v. 3). Ezekiel sees a stormy wind coming from the north, a great cloud with flashing lightning and brightness (v. 4).
Ezekiel 1:5–11 The Four Living Creatures
Ezekiel describes the four living creatures that emerge from the stormy wind, each resembling a man but with unique physical features, including four faces and four wings (vv. 5-6). Their appearance is both majestic and complex.
Ezekiel 1:12–14 Movement of the Creatures
The living creatures move in a unified manner, going straight in the direction of the spirit without turning (vv. 12-13). Their rapid movement highlights their divine nature and purpose.
Ezekiel 1:15–21 The Wheels Within Wheels
Each living creature has a corresponding wheel that moves in tandem, with the spirit being present in the wheels, enabling them to move in all directions without turning (vv. 19-21). The wheels represent divine movement and communication.
Ezekiel 1:22–24 The Expanse Overhead
Ezekiel sees an expanse above the living creatures that resembles awesome crystal, stretching out over their heads (v. 22). The wings of the creatures are straight, with two covering their bodies, and their wings make a noise like great waters (vv. 23-24).
Ezekiel 1:25–28 The Vision of God's Glory
Upon seeing a throne above the expanse and a figure resembling a man, Ezekiel witnesses the glory of Yahweh, leading him to fall on his face in reverence (vv. 26-28). This concludes the overwhelming vision of God's majesty.
Key verses
Ezekiel 1:26Ezekiel sees a vision of God's glory, where a throne appears above the living creatures, establishing God's sovereign presence amid the captives by the river 'Chebar'.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Ezekiel 1
- observeIn v1, where is Ezekiel when he sees 'visions of God'?
- observeWhat do the four living creatures in v5 resemble?
- interpretThe description of the wheels, vv. 16-18: what might the 'eyes all around' symbolize?
- interpretIn v28, why does Ezekiel fall on his face upon seeing the 'likeness of Yahweh’s glory'?
- applyWhen have you felt a sense of awe or fear in a moment of clarity, as Ezekiel does in v28?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Ezekiel 1
- Ezekiel 10Ezekiel 1:24 and Ezekiel 10:5Both heard the noise: Ezekiel 1:24 describes a tumultuous noise, while Ezekiel 10:5 refers to the voice of God Almighty.
- Revelation 4Ezekiel 1:28 and Revelation 4:3Both describe brightness: Ezekiel 1:28 depicts a rainbow's appearance, while Revelation 4:3 mentions a rainbow around the throne.
- Daniel 10Ezekiel 1:24 and Daniel 10:6Both describe a voice: Ezekiel 1:24 conveys a tumultuous noise, while Daniel 10:6 describes it as a multitude.
- Revelation 1Ezekiel 1:24 and Revelation 1:15Both describe a voice: Ezekiel 1:24 speaks of a mighty noise, while Revelation 1:15 describes a voice of many waters.
- Ezekiel 3Ezekiel 1:28 and Ezekiel 3:23Both mention Yahweh’s glory: Ezekiel 1:28 describes its appearance, while Ezekiel 3:23 echoes this vision.
- Ezekiel 43Ezekiel 1:24 and Ezekiel 43:2Both describe sound of glory: Ezekiel 1:24 notes a tumultuous noise, while Ezekiel 43:2 references a voice of many waters.
Related chapters
Chapters that connect with Ezekiel 1
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Where to go from here
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