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Isaiah 66

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1Yahweh says, “Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool. What kind of house will you build to me? Where will I rest? 2For my hand has made all these things, and so all these things came to be,” says Yahweh: “but to this man will I look, even to he who is poor and of a contrite spirit, and who trembles at my word. 3He who kills an ox is as he who kills a man; he who sacrifices a lamb, as he who breaks a dog’s neck; he who offers an offering, as he who offers pig’s blood; he who burns frankincense, as he who blesses an idol. Yes, they have chosen their own ways, and their soul delights in their abominations: 4I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears on them; because when I called, no one answered; when I spoke, they didn’t listen; but they did that which was evil in my eyes, and chose that in which I didn’t delight.” 5Hear Yahweh’s word, you who tremble at his word: “Your brothers who hate you, who cast you out for my name’s sake, have said, ‘Let Yahweh be glorified, that we may see your joy;’ but it is those who shall be disappointed. 6A voice of tumult from the city, a voice from the temple, a voice of Yahweh that repays his enemies what they deserve. 7“Before she travailed, she gave birth. Before her pain came, she delivered a son. 8Who has heard of such a thing? Who has seen such things? Shall a land be born in one day? Shall a nation be born at once? For as soon as Zion travailed, she gave birth to her children. 9Shall I bring to the birth, and not cause to be delivered?” says Yahweh. “Shall I who cause to give birth shut the womb?” says your God. 10“Rejoice with Jerusalem, and be glad for her, all you who love her. Rejoice for joy with her, all you who mourn over her; 11that you may nurse and be satisfied at the comforting breasts; that you may drink deeply, and be delighted with the abundance of her glory.” 12For Yahweh says, “Behold, I will extend peace to her like a river, and the glory of the nations like an overflowing stream; and you will nurse. You will be carried on her side, and will be dandled on her knees. 13As one whom his mother comforts, so will I comfort you. You will be comforted in Jerusalem.” 14You will see it, and your heart shall rejoice, and your bones will flourish like the tender grass. Yahweh’s hand will be known among his servants; and he will have indignation against his enemies. 15For, behold, Yahweh will come with fire, and his chariots will be like the whirlwind; to render his anger with fierceness, and his rebuke with flames of fire. 16For Yahweh will execute judgment by fire and by his sword on all flesh; and those slain by Yahweh will be many. 17“Those who sanctify themselves and purify themselves to go to the gardens, behind one in the middle, eating pig’s meat, abominable things, and the mouse, they shall come to an end together,” says Yahweh. 18“For I know their works and their thoughts. The time comes that I will gather all nations and languages, and they will come, and will see my glory. 19“I will set a sign among them, and I will send those who escape of them to the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, who draw the bow, to Tubal and Javan, to far-away islands, who have not heard my fame, nor have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the nations. 20They shall bring all your brothers out of all the nations for an offering to Yahweh, on horses, in chariots, in litters, on mules, and on camels, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, says Yahweh, as the children of Israel bring their offering in a clean vessel into Yahweh’s house. 21Of them I will also select priests and Levites,” says Yahweh. 22“For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me,” says Yahweh, “so your offspring and your name shall remain. 23It shall happen that from one new moon to another, and from one Sabbath to another, all flesh will come to worship before me,” says Yahweh. 24“They will go out, and look at the dead bodies of the men who have transgressed against me; for their worm will not die, nor will their fire be quenched, and they will be loathsome to all mankind.”

World English Bible (public domain)

"But this is the one to whom I will look: he who is humble and contrite in spirit and trembles at my word."

Isaiah 66:2

Summary

Isaiah 66 concludes the book by depicting God's vision of final judgment and restoration. The chapter opens with God reminding His people that Heaven is His throne and earth His footstool, emphasizing the futility of relying on physical structures for worship without true reverence and humility. God seeks those who are humble and contrite in spirit. The chapter forewarns of judgment against those who engage in idol worship and disregard His commands, contrasting their fate with the faithful remnant who will be blessed and comforted. A vivid portrayal of God's triumph over his adversaries follows, with assurances of a new creation where peace and rejoicing abound. The imagery of a caring mother illustrates Jerusalem's future glory and the nations coming to witness God's splendor. This eschatological vision reinforces God's sovereignty, justice, and the promise of inclusion for all who follow Him.

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Chapter outline

How Isaiah 66 unfolds

  1. Isaiah 66:1–2 God's Sovereignty in Creation

    Yahweh asserts His authority, stating Heaven as His throne and earth as His footstool, emphasizing His dominion over all creation.

  2. Isaiah 66:3–4 True Worship versus False Sacrifice

    God denounces empty rituals, equating the actions of idolaters with murder and abomination, highlighting that He desires true reverence.

  3. Isaiah 66:5–6 Response to Persecution

    Yahweh addresses those who tremble at His word, assuring them that their mockers will face disappointment amid divine judgment.

  4. Isaiah 66:7–9 The Birth of Zion's Children

    The imagery of Zion birthing children before labor emphasizes God's miraculous work in restoration and the assurance of fulfillment.

  5. Isaiah 66:10–14 Joy and Comfort for Jerusalem

    The chapter shifts to rejoicing over Jerusalem, depicting her as a nurturing figure, promising comfort and peace to her people.

  6. Isaiah 66:15–19 Judgment and Gathering of Nations

    Yahweh's fierce judgment contrasts with His plans to gather nations to witness His glory, showcasing His sovereignty in both wrath and mercy.

  7. Isaiah 66:20–24 New Creation and Final Judgment

    The chapter concludes with a vision of a new creation and a somber reminder of the fate of the wicked, establishing God's ultimate justice.

Key verses

  • Isaiah 66:2Isaiah 66:2 encapsulates the chapter's focus on true worship, emphasizing the importance of humility and reverence before God.

Main themes in Isaiah 66

God's Sovereignty

God's sovereignty is evident in His assertion of authority over Heaven and earth in verses 1-2. The chapter develops this theme by contrasting divine judgment against idolaters with the promise of gathering the faithful from all nations. This underscores God's unyielding control over history and the fulfillment of His purposes.

Judgment and Restoration

In verses 15-16, Yahweh's judgment is portrayed vividly alongside the promise of restoration for His people. The chapter complicates this by showing that while judgment is fierce, it is also necessary for the establishment of a new, peaceful reality. This duality highlights the seriousness of sin and the hope in God's redemptive plan.

Humility and Reverence

Verses 2 and 5 emphasize God’s desire for humility and reverence among His people, distinguishing the faithful from the proud. The chapter complicates this by showing that mere rituals without true contrition do not please God, thus calling for an authentic relationship. This theme challenges readers to examine their own hearts in worship.

New Creation and Inclusion

The imagery of a new creation in verses 22-24 signifies God's promise of renewal and inclusion of all nations. This theme is developed as the faithful are comforted and invited to worship, while the unrighteous face judgment. It affirms that God's vision encompasses both restoration and a wider gathering of His people.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Isaiah 66

Study questions

Questions for studying Isaiah 66

  1. What does God say about the nature of worship in verses 1-2?
  2. How does God describe the fate of those who reject His commands?
  3. In what way does Zion's birth imagery in verses 7-9 convey hope?
  4. What promises does God make to those who mourn over Jerusalem?
  5. How does the chapter depict the relationship between judgment and mercy?
  6. What significance does the imagery of a mother's comfort hold in this context?
  7. How do the final verses contrast the fates of the righteous and the wicked?

Isaiah 66: frequently asked questions

What is Isaiah 66 about?+
Isaiah 66 concludes the book by depicting God's vision of final judgment and restoration. The chapter opens with God reminding His people that Heaven is His throne and earth His footstool, emphasizing the futility of relying on physical structures for worship without true reverence and humility. God seeks those who are humble and contrite in spirit. The chapter forewarns of judgment against those who engage in idol worship and disregard His commands, contrasting their fate with the faithful remnant who will be blessed and comforted. A vivid portrayal of God's triumph over his adversaries follows, with assurances of a new creation where peace and rejoicing abound. The imagery of a caring mother illustrates Jerusalem's future glory and the nations coming to witness God's splendor. This eschatological vision reinforces God's sovereignty, justice, and the promise of inclusion for all who follow Him.
What is the key verse in Isaiah 66?+
Isaiah 66:2: "For my hand has made all these things, and so all these things came to be,” says Yahweh: “but to this man will I look, even to he who is poor and of a contrite spirit, and who trembles at my word."
What are the main themes of Isaiah 66?+
The main themes of Isaiah 66 are God's Sovereignty, Judgment and Restoration, Humility and Reverence, New Creation and Inclusion.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Isaiah 66

Study Notes