ScriptureDepth's study of Isaiah 66
“For my hand has made all these things, and so all these things came to be,” says Yahweh: “but to this man will I look, even to he who is poor and of a contrite spirit, and who trembles at my word.”
Isaiah 66:2
Yahweh declares his creation and expresses favor towards those who are 'poor and of a contrite spirit', contrasting true worship with hollow rituals in this chapter.
What Isaiah 66 is about
Yahweh claims, 'Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool' (vv. 1-2). He seeks those with a humble spirit, not mere sacrifices. He condemns false worship, equating the killing of an ox with killing a man (vv. 3-4). The response to those who persecute the faithful is one of disappointment for the oppressors (vv. 5-6). Yahweh speaks of the miraculous birth of Zion's children, saying, 'Who has heard of such a thing?' (vv. 7-9). He commands all to rejoice for Jerusalem, promising comfort and peace like a river (vv. 10-14). Judgment comes with fire for the wicked, while Yahweh promises to gather all nations to witness his glory (vv. 15-19). The faithful will bring offerings and Yahweh will select priests from among the nations (vv. 20-21). Finally, he states the permanence of the new creation and warns of the eternal judgment for the unfaithful (vv. 22-24).
All flesh will come to worship before Yahweh from one new moon to another and from one Sabbath to another.
Isaiah 66 at a glance
- Isaiah 66:1–2God's Sovereignty in Creation
- Isaiah 66:3–4True Worship versus False Sacrifice
- Isaiah 66:5–6Response to Persecution
- Isaiah 66:7–9The Birth of Zion's Children
- Isaiah 66:10–14Joy and Comfort for Jerusalem
- Isaiah 66:15–19Judgment and Gathering of Nations
- Isaiah 66:20–24New Creation and Final Judgment
Key verse: Isaiah 66:2
One thing to notice
Yahweh declares his sovereign position in 'Heaven is my throne' (v. 1) and concludes with a stark image of judgment where 'their worm will not die' (v. 24). God's sovereignty and judgment are prominent throughout.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Isaiah 66 (WEB)
God's Sovereignty in Creation Isaiah 66:1–2
1Verse 1. Yahweh says,“Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool.What kind of house will you build to me?Where will I rest?2Verse 2. For my hand has made all these things,and so all these things came to be,” says Yahweh:“but to this man will I look,even to he who is poor and of a contrite spirit,and who trembles at my word.
True Worship versus False Sacrifice Isaiah 66:3–4
3Verse 3. He who kills an ox is as he who kills a man;he who sacrifices a lamb, as he who breaks a dog’s neck;he who offers an offering, as he who offers pig’s blood;he who burns frankincense, as he who blesses an idol.Yes, they have chosen their own ways,and their soul delights in their abominations:4Verse 4. I also will choose their delusions,and will bring their fears on them;because when I called, no one answered;when I spoke, they didn’t listen;but they did that which was evil in my eyes,and chose that in which I didn’t delight.”
Response to Persecution Isaiah 66:5–6
5Verse 5. Hear Yahweh’s word,you who tremble at his word:“Your brothers who hate you,who cast you out for my name’s sake, have said,‘Let Yahweh be glorified,that we may see your joy;’but it is those who shall be disappointed.6Verse 6. A voice of tumult from the city,a voice from the temple,a voice of Yahweh that repays his enemies what they deserve.
The Birth of Zion's Children Isaiah 66:7–9
7Verse 7. “Before she travailed, she gave birth.Before her pain came, she delivered a son.8Verse 8. Who has heard of such a thing?Who has seen such things?Shall a land be born in one day?Shall a nation be born at once?For as soon as Zion travailed,she gave birth to her children.9Verse 9. Shall I bring to the birth, and not cause to be delivered?” says Yahweh.“Shall I who cause to give birth shut the womb?” says your God.
Joy and Comfort for Jerusalem Isaiah 66:10–14
10Verse 10. “Rejoice with Jerusalem, and be glad for her, all you who love her.Rejoice for joy with her, all you who mourn over her;11Verse 11. that you may nurse and be satisfied at the comforting breasts;that you may drink deeply,and be delighted with the abundance of her glory.”12Verse 12. For Yahweh says, “Behold, I will extend peace to her like a river,and the glory of the nations like an overflowing stream;and you will nurse.You will be carried on her side,and will be dandled on her knees.13Verse 13. As one whom his mother comforts,so will I comfort you.You will be comforted in Jerusalem.”14Verse 14. You will see it, and your heart shall rejoice,and your bones will flourish like the tender grass.Yahweh’s hand will be known among his servants;and he will have indignation against his enemies.
Judgment and Gathering of Nations Isaiah 66:15–19
15Verse 15. For, behold, Yahweh will come with fire, and his chariots will be like the whirlwind; to render his anger with fierceness, and his rebuke with flames of fire. 16Verse 16. For Yahweh will execute judgment by fire and by his sword on all flesh; and those slain by Yahweh will be many. 17Verse 17. “Those who sanctify themselves and purify themselves to go to the gardens, behind one in the middle, eating pig’s meat, abominable things, and the mouse, they shall come to an end together,” says Yahweh. 18Verse 18. “For I know their works and their thoughts. The time comes that I will gather all nations and languages, and they will come, and will see my glory.
19Verse 19. “I will set a sign among them, and I will send those who escape of them to the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, who draw the bow, to Tubal and Javan, to far-away islands, who have not heard my fame, nor have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the nations.
New Creation and Final Judgment Isaiah 66:20–24
20Verse 20. They shall bring all your brothers out of all the nations for an offering to Yahweh, on horses, in chariots, in litters, on mules, and on camels, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, says Yahweh, as the children of Israel bring their offering in a clean vessel into Yahweh’s house. 21Verse 21. Of them I will also select priests and Levites,” says Yahweh. 22Verse 22. “For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me,” says Yahweh, “so your offspring and your name shall remain. 23Verse 23. It shall happen that from one new moon to another, and from one Sabbath to another, all flesh will come to worship before me,” says Yahweh.
24Verse 24. “They will go out, and look at the dead bodies of the men who have transgressed against me; for their worm will not die, nor will their fire be quenched, and they will be loathsome to all mankind.”
World English Bible (public domain)
Go deeper
Ask the AI about Isaiah 66
Bring your question about the chapter, the key verse, or how this passage fits the rest of Scripture. Ask unlimited questions and keep study notes on every chapter. 7 days free, no card.
Main themes in Isaiah 66
God's Sovereignty
In Isaiah 66, God's sovereignty is established in verses 1-2, where Yahweh declares, 'Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool.' This asserts His authority over all creation, as He questions what kind of house can be built for Him. The chapter progresses to affirm that all things are made by His hand, emphasizing that true worship is rooted in reverence for His word and presence.
Judgment and Restoration
Judgment and restoration surface in verses 15-16, where Yahweh comes 'with fire' to execute judgment on all flesh. This act of judgment is connected to the gathering of the nations in verses 18-19, as Yahweh reveals His glory to those who have not seen it. The chapter concludes with a vision of restoration for the faithful, contrasting their fate with that of the transgressors.
Humility and Reverence
Humility and reverence are central in verses 2 and 5, where Yahweh looks favorably upon 'he who is poor and of a contrite spirit, and who trembles at my word.' This contrasts with those who have chosen their own ways, as mentioned in verse 4. The call to humility is reinforced by the response to persecution in verse 5, encouraging the faithful to trust in Yahweh despite opposition.
New Creation and Inclusion
New creation and inclusion appear in verses 22-23, where Yahweh promises that 'the new heavens and the new earth' will remain, ensuring His people's enduring presence. This inclusivity is further expressed in verses 20-21, as offerings come from all nations and individuals are selected as priests. The chapter culminates in a vision of universal worship before Yahweh, inviting all flesh to come together in reverence.
Chapter outline
How Isaiah 66 unfolds
Isaiah 66:1–2 God's Sovereignty in Creation
Yahweh asserts his authority over creation, stating that heaven is his throne and earth his footstool (v. 1). He questions what kind of dwelling could possibly house him (v. 2).
Isaiah 66:3–4 True Worship versus False Sacrifice
Sacrifices that do not stem from genuine worship are condemned, equating killing an ox to killing a man (vv. 3-4). The people are judged for choosing their own ways over Yahweh's commands.
Isaiah 66:5–6 Response to Persecution
Yahweh addresses those who fear his word, assuring them that their persecutors will be disappointed (v. 5). He warns of impending judgment, culminating in chaos and retribution against his enemies (v. 6).
Isaiah 66:7–9 The Birth of Zion's Children
Zion experiences a miraculous birth, giving birth 'before she travailed' and 'before her pain came' (vv. 7-8). Yahweh affirms his commitment to bring forth this new life, asking 'Shall I bring to the birth, and not cause to be delivered?' (v. 9).
Isaiah 66:10–14 Joy and Comfort for Jerusalem
Jerusalem's lovers are called to rejoice with her, celebrating the comfort and abundance she will provide (vv. 10-11). Yahweh promises peace and maternal comfort to his people in Jerusalem (vv. 12-13).
Isaiah 66:15–19 Judgment and Gathering of Nations
Yahweh declares judgment through fire and sword, emphasizing the severity of his retribution against those who transgress (vv. 15-16). He announces a gathering of all nations to witness his glory (vv. 18-19).
Isaiah 66:20–24 New Creation and Final Judgment
Nations will bring offerings 'to my holy mountain Jerusalem' on various modes of transport, as Yahweh selects 'priests and Levites' from them (vv. 20-21). A vision of the new creation follows, where all flesh worships Yahweh and judgment on the wicked is revealed (vv. 22-24).
Key verses
Isaiah 66:2Yahweh declares his creation and expresses favor towards those who are 'poor and of a contrite spirit', contrasting true worship with hollow rituals in this chapter.
Get a short devotional by email, one passage and one question a day.
One short email each morning, with the free study guide. Unsubscribe anytime. By subscribing you agree to our Terms and Privacy Policy. We use your address only to send this email.
Study questions
Questions for studying Isaiah 66
- observeIn v2, who does God say he will look to?
- observeIn v24, what will happen to the 'men who have transgressed' against God?
- interpretThe phrase 'I will set a sign among them' in v19: what does this imply about God's mission?
- interpretIn v12, what does God mean by extending 'peace to her like a river'?
- applyWhen have you felt 'poor and of a contrite spirit' as mentioned in v2?
For Bible groups
Study Isaiah 66 with your group
A free one-page handout with the overview, key verse, outline and discussion questions, ready to print for everyone at the table.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Isaiah 66
- Matthew 5Isaiah 66:2 and Matthew 5:3Both bless the poor in spirit: Isaiah 66:2 says, 'to this man will I look,' while Matthew 5:3 says, 'for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.'
- Isaiah 65Isaiah 66:22 and Isaiah 65:17Both promise new creation: Isaiah 66:22 states, 'the new heavens and the new earth,' while Isaiah 65:17 says, 'I create new heavens and a new earth.'
- Proverbs 29Isaiah 66:2 and Proverbs 29:23Both honor the lowly spirit: Isaiah 66:2 mentions 'poor and of a contrite spirit,' while Proverbs 29:23 says, 'one of lowly spirit gains honor.'
- Acts 7Isaiah 66:1 and Acts 7:48Both reject physical temples: Isaiah 66:1 asks, 'What kind of house will you build to me?' while Acts 7:48 states, 'the Most High doesn’t dwell in temples made with hands.'
- Isaiah 60Isaiah 66:8 and Isaiah 60:22Both celebrate Zion's birth: Isaiah 66:8 questions, 'Shall a nation be born at once?' while Isaiah 60:22 states, 'the little one will become a thousand.'
- Isaiah 57Isaiah 66:2 and Isaiah 57:15Both highlight humility: Isaiah 66:2 notes 'humble spirit,' while Isaiah 57:15 states, 'with him also who is of a contrite and humble spirit.'
Related chapters
Chapters that connect with Isaiah 66
Elsewhere on ScriptureDepth
Where to go from here
- Isaiah: the whole bookIsaiah son of Amoz prophesied in Jerusalem across roughly forty years and four kings — Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz…
- Full Year Chronological Bible, day 228Day 228 of 365: Isaiah 64–66 · Micah 1.
- SalvationWhat the Bible says about salvation, with verses.
- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
- Today's devotionalOne verse and a short reflection, new every morning.
Isaiah 66: frequently asked questions
What is Isaiah 66 about?+
What is the key verse in Isaiah 66?+
What are the main themes of Isaiah 66?+
Studying Isaiah with a print Bible beside you? See our study Bible guides.