Jeremiah 46
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1Yahweh’s word which came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the nations. 2Of Egypt: concerning the army of Pharaoh Necoh king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Carchemish, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah. 3“Prepare the buckler and shield, and draw near to battle! 4Harness the horses, and get up, you horsemen, and stand up with your helmets. Polish the spears, put on the coats of mail. 5Why have I seen it? They are dismayed and are turned backward. Their mighty ones are beaten down, have fled in haste, and don’t look back. Terror is on every side,” says Yahweh. 6“Don’t let the swift flee away, nor the mighty man escape. In the north by the river Euphrates they have stumbled and fallen. 7“Who is this who rises up like the Nile, whose waters toss themselves like the rivers? 8Egypt rises up like the Nile, and his waters toss themselves like the rivers. He says, ‘I will rise up. I will cover the earth. I will destroy cities and its inhabitants.’ 9Go up, you horses! Rage, you chariots! Let the mighty men go out: Cush and Put, who handle the shield; and the Ludim, who handle and bend the bow. 10For that day is of the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, a day of vengeance, that he may avenge himself of his adversaries. The sword will devour and be satiated, and will drink its fill of their blood; for the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, has a sacrifice in the north country by the river Euphrates. 11Go up into Gilead, and take balm, virgin daughter of Egypt. You use many medicines in vain. There is no healing for you. 12The nations have heard of your shame, and the earth is full of your cry; for the mighty man has stumbled against the mighty, they both fall together.” 13The word that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah the prophet, how that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon should come and strike the land of Egypt. 14“Declare in Egypt, publish in Migdol, and publish in Memphis and in Tahpanhes: say, ‘Stand up, and prepare; for the sword has devoured around you.’ 15Why are your strong ones swept away? They didn’t stand, because Yahweh pushed them. 16He made many to stumble. Yes, they fell on one another. They said, ‘Arise, and let us go again to our own people, and to the land of our birth, from the oppressing sword.’ 17They cried there, ‘Pharaoh king of Egypt is but a noise; he has let the appointed time pass by.’ 18“As I live,” says the King, whose name is Yahweh of Armies, “surely like Tabor among the mountains, and like Carmel by the sea, so he will come. 19You daughter who dwells in Egypt, furnish yourself to go into captivity; for Memphis will become a desolation, and will be burned up, without inhabitant. 20“Egypt is a very beautiful heifer; but destruction out of the north has come. It has come. 21Also her hired men in the middle of her are like calves of the stall; for they also are turned back. They have fled away together. They didn’t stand, for the day of their calamity has come on them, the time of their visitation. 22It’s sound will go like the serpent; for they will march with an army, and come against her with axes, as wood cutters. 23They will cut down her forest,” says Yahweh, “though it can’t be searched; because they are more than the locusts, and are innumerable. 24The daughter of Egypt will be disappointed; she will be delivered into the hand of the people of the north.” 25Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, says: “Behold, I will punish Amon of No, and Pharaoh, and Egypt, with her gods, and her kings; even Pharaoh, and those who trust in him. 26I will deliver them into the hand of those who seek their lives, and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of his servants. Afterwards it will be inhabited, as in the days of old,” says Yahweh. 27“But don’t you be afraid, Jacob my servant. Don’t be dismayed, Israel; for, behold, I will save you from afar, and your offspring from the land of their captivity. Jacob will return, and will be quiet and at ease. No one will make him afraid. 28Don’t be afraid, O Jacob my servant,” says Yahweh; “for I am with you; for I will make a full end of all the nations where I have driven you; but I will not make a full end of you, but I will correct you in measure, and will in no way leave you unpunished.”
World English Bible (public domain)
“"Fear not, O Jacob my servant, declares the Lord, for I am with you. I will make a full end of all the nations to which I have driven you, but of you I will not make a full end. I will discipline you in just measure, and I will by no means leave you unpunished."”
Jeremiah 46:28
Summary
Jeremiah 46 presents prophecies concerning Egypt, pronounced by Jeremiah the prophet against Pharaoh Neco in the context of the Battle of Carchemish. This chapter begins with a vivid description of the military preparations of Egypt, evoking images of the harnessing of horses, the outfitting of soldiers, and the upcoming conflict. Despite their formidable preparations, Egypt is destined for defeat at the hands of Babylon, a clear demonstration of the futility of relying on human strength against divine decree. The historical context of these prophecies underscores the sovereignty of God over nations and the inevitable downfall of those who oppose His will. As the chapter concludes, there is a word of assurance for Israel, encouraging them not to fear, for even in the midst of geopolitical turmoil, God remains faithful to His covenant promise to save and restore.
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Chapter outline
How Jeremiah 46 unfolds
Jeremiah 46:1–2 Introduction of Prophecy Against Egypt
The chapter begins with a word from Yahweh to Jeremiah concerning Egypt, specifically referencing Pharaoh Neco's army at Carchemish.
Jeremiah 46:3–10 Call to Arms and Assurance of Defeat
Egypt is urged to prepare for battle, yet despite their might, Yahweh declares they will be defeated by Babylon.
Jeremiah 46:11–12 Futility of Egypt's Healing
Egypt is likened to a virgin daughter in need of healing, but Yahweh declares her attempts will be in vain.
Jeremiah 46:13–19 Announcement of Babylon's Attack
Jeremiah prophesies that Nebuchadnezzar will strike Egypt, urging the people to prepare for the impending destruction.
Jeremiah 46:20–24 Destruction and Devastation Foretold
Egypt is described as a beautiful heifer destined for destruction, embodying the totality of judgment coming from the north.
Jeremiah 46:25–26 Judgment Against Pharaoh and Gods
Yahweh declares punishment upon Pharaoh, Egypt, and its gods, as they will fall to Babylon's power.
Jeremiah 46:27–28 Assurance for Israel Amidst Judgment
The chapter concludes with a promise of deliverance for Israel, who is assured of God's continued presence and faithfulness.
Key verses
Jeremiah 46:28This key verse encapsulates God's promise of protection and discipline for Israel amidst the backdrop of national judgment.
Main themes in Jeremiah 46
Divine sovereignty
Divine sovereignty surfaces in Yahweh's control over the fate of nations, particularly in verses 10 and 26, where He declares the outcome of Egypt's military endeavors. The chapter develops this theme by illustrating how Egypt's might is rendered ineffective against God's decree, emphasizing that even the strongest powers cannot thwart His plans. This movement underlines the reality that no nation can withstand God's judgment or escape His sovereign will.
Judgment against nations
Judgment against nations is pronounced as Egypt faces disaster in verses 13-19 and 25-26, where the impending threat of Babylon is articulated. The chapter details the destruction that Babylon will inflict on Egypt, underscoring the consequences of defiance against Yahweh's authority. This judgment serves as a stern warning to all nations about the seriousness of turning away from God and ignoring His commands.
Deliverance and restoration
Deliverance and restoration are assured in verses 27-28, where God promises to save Israel despite the surrounding turmoil and chaos. The chapter contrasts Israel's fate with that of Egypt, emphasizing God's unwavering commitment to His people amidst judgment. This assurance of deliverance offers hope and reassurance to Israel, highlighting that while judgment is pronounced on others, God's faithfulness to His covenant remains steadfast.
God's covenant faithfulness
God's covenant faithfulness is evident in His promise to Israel in verses 27-28, where He reassures them of His enduring presence and protection. Despite the calamity facing Egypt, God remains steadfast in His commitment to His covenant with Israel, demonstrating His unchanging nature. This theme highlights the enduring relationship between God and His chosen people, affirming that His promises will not falter even in times of widespread judgment.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Jeremiah 46
- Jeremiah 30This passage echoes the theme of restoration for Israel amidst judgment against other nations.
- Jeremiah 51Jeremiah 51 connects by continuing the narrative of Babylon's role in God's judgment against nations.
- Zephaniah 3Zephaniah 3 develops the theme of judgment against nations and the promise of restoration for God's people.
- Ezekiel 30Ezekiel 30 echoes the prophecy against Egypt, emphasizing the coming destruction and God's sovereignty.
- Jeremiah 25Jeremiah 25 connects by addressing the broader context of God's judgment on the nations surrounding Israel.
- Jeremiah 50Jeremiah 50 develops the theme of judgment against Babylon, paralleling the fate of Egypt.
Study questions
Questions for studying Jeremiah 46
- What military preparations does Egypt make in verses 3-4?
- How does Yahweh depict the fate of Egypt's soldiers in verses 5-6?
- What is the significance of Egypt being compared to a heifer in verse 20?
- How does the chapter emphasize God's sovereignty over nations?
- In what ways does God assure Israel in verses 27-28?
- What role does Nebuchadnezzar play in this prophecy against Egypt?
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