Jeremiah 51
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1Yahweh says: “Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against those who dwell in Lebkamai, a destroying wind. 2I will send to Babylon strangers, who will winnow her. They will empty her land; for in the day of trouble they will be against her all around. 3Against him who bends, let the archer bend his bow, also against him who lifts himself up in his coat of mail. Don’t spare her young men! Utterly destroy all her army! 4They will fall down slain in the land of the Chaldeans, and thrust through in her streets. 5For Israel is not forsaken, nor Judah, by his God, by Yahweh of Armies; though their land is full of guilt against the Holy One of Israel. 6“Flee out of the middle of Babylon! Everyone save his own life! Don’t be cut off in her iniquity; for it is the time of Yahweh’s vengeance. He will render to her a recompense. 7Babylon has been a golden cup in Yahweh’s hand, who made all the earth drunk. The nations have drunk of her wine; therefore the nations have gone mad. 8Babylon has suddenly fallen and been destroyed! Wail for her! Take balm for her pain. Perhaps she may be healed. 9“We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed. Forsake her, and let us each go into his own country; for her judgment reaches to heaven, and is lifted up even to the skies. 10‘Yahweh has produced our righteousness: come, and let us declare in Zion the work of Yahweh our God.’ 11“Make the arrows sharp! Hold the shields firmly! Yahweh has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes, because his purpose is against Babylon, to destroy it; for it is the vengeance of Yahweh, the vengeance of his temple. 12Set up a standard against the walls of Babylon! Make the watch strong! Set the watchmen, and prepare the ambushes; for Yahweh has both purposed and done that which he spoke concerning the inhabitants of Babylon. 13You who dwell on many waters, abundant in treasures, your end has come, the measure of your covetousness. 14Yahweh of Armies has sworn by himself, saying, ‘Surely I will fill you with men, as with the canker worm; and they will lift up a shout against you.’ 15“He has made the earth by his power. He has established the world by his wisdom. By his understanding he has stretched out the heavens. 16When he utters his voice, there is a roar of waters in the heavens, and he causes the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth. He makes lightning for the rain, and brings the wind out of his treasuries. 17“Every man has become brutish without knowledge. Every goldsmith is disappointed by his image; for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them. 18They are vanity, a work of delusion. In the time of their visitation, they will perish. 19The portion of Jacob is not like these, for he is the former of all things; including the tribe of his inheritance: Yahweh of Armies is his name. 20“You are my battle ax and weapons of war. With you I will break the nations into pieces. With you I will destroy kingdoms. 21With you I will break in pieces the horse and his rider. 22With you I will break in pieces the chariot and him who rides therein. With you I will break in pieces man and woman. With you I will break in pieces the old man and the youth. With you I will break in pieces the young man and the virgin. 23With you I will break in pieces the shepherd and his flock. With you I will break in pieces the farmer and his yoke. With you will I break in pieces governors and deputies. 24“I will render to Babylon and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight,” says Yahweh. 25“Behold, I am against you, destroying mountain,” says Yahweh, “which destroys all the earth. I will stretch out my hand on you, roll you down from the rocks, and will make you a burned mountain. 26They won’t take a cornerstone from you, nor a stone for foundations; but you will be desolate for ever,” says Yahweh. 27“Set up a standard in the land! Blow the trumpet among the nations! Prepare the nations against her! Call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz! Appoint a marshal against her! Cause the horses to come up as the rough canker worm! 28Prepare against her the nations, the kings of the Medes, its governors, and all its deputies, and all the land of their dominion! 29The land trembles and is in pain; for the purposes of Yahweh against Babylon stand, to make the land of Babylon a desolation, without inhabitant. 30The mighty men of Babylon have stopped fighting, they remain in their strongholds. Their might has failed. They have become as women. Her dwelling places are set on fire. Her bars are broken. 31One runner will run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to show the king of Babylon that his city is taken on every quarter. 32So the passages are seized. They have burned the reeds with fire. The men of war are frightened.” 33For Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel says: “The daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor at the time when it is trodden. Yet a little while, and the time of harvest comes for her.” 34“Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon has devoured me. He has crushed me. He has made me an empty vessel. He has, like a monster, swallowed me up. He has filled his mouth with my delicacies. He has cast me out. 35May the violence done to me and to my flesh be on Babylon!” the inhabitant of Zion will say; and, “May my blood be on the inhabitants of Chaldea!” will Jerusalem say. 36Therefore Yahweh says: “Behold, I will plead your cause, and take vengeance for you. I will dry up her sea, and make her fountain dry. 37Babylon will become heaps, a dwelling place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant. 38They will roar together like young lions. They will growl as lions’ cubs. 39When they are heated, I will make their feast, and I will make them drunk, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake up,” says Yahweh. 40“I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with male goats. 41“How Sheshach is taken! How the praise of the whole earth seized! How Babylon has become a desolation among the nations! 42The sea has come up on Babylon. She is covered with the multitude of its waves. 43Her cities have become a desolation, a dry land, and a desert, a land in which no man dwells. No son of man passes by it. 44I will execute judgment on Bel in Babylon, and I will bring out of his mouth that which he has swallowed up. The nations will not flow any more to him. Yes, the wall of Babylon will fall. 45“My people, go away from the middle of her, and each of you save yourselves from Yahweh’s fierce anger. 46Don’t let your heart faint. Don’t fear for the news that will be heard in the land. For news will come one year, and after that in another year news will come, and violence in the land, ruler against ruler. 47Therefore behold, the days come that I will execute judgment on the engraved images of Babylon; and her whole land will be confounded. All her slain will fall in the middle of her. 48Then the heavens and the earth, and all that is therein, will sing for joy over Babylon; for the destroyers will come to her from the north,” says Yahweh. 49“As Babylon has caused the slain of Israel to fall, so the slain of all the land will fall at Babylon. 50You who have escaped the sword, go! Don’t stand still! Remember Yahweh from afar, and let Jerusalem come into your mind.” 51“We are confounded, because we have heard reproach. Confusion has covered our faces, for strangers have come into the sanctuaries of Yahweh’s house.” 52“Therefore behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will execute judgment on her engraved images; and through all her land the wounded will groan. 53Though Babylon should mount up to the sky, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet destroyers will come to her from me,” says Yahweh. 54“The sound of a cry comes from Babylon, and of great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans! 55For Yahweh lays Babylon waste, and destroys out of her the great voice! Their waves roar like many waters. The noise of their voice is uttered. 56For the destroyer has come on her, even on Babylon. Her mighty men are taken. Their bows are broken in pieces, for Yahweh is a God of retribution. He will surely repay. 57I will make her princes, her wise men, her governors, her deputies, and her mighty men drunk. They will sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake up,” says the King, whose name is Yahweh of Armies. 58Yahweh of Armies says: “The wide walls of Babylon will be utterly overthrown. Her high gates will be burned with fire. The peoples will labor for vanity, and the nations for the fire; and they will be weary.” 59The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, when he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah to Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. Now Seraiah was chief quartermaster. 60Jeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that should come on Babylon, even all these words that are written concerning Babylon. 61Jeremiah said to Seraiah, “When you come to Babylon, then see that you read all these words, 62and say, ‘Yahweh, you have spoken concerning this place, to cut it off, that no one will dwell in it, neither man nor animal, but that it will be desolate forever.’ 63It will be, when you have finished reading this book, that you shall bind a stone to it, and cast it into the middle of the Euphrates. 64Then you shall say, ‘Thus will Babylon sink, and will not rise again because of the evil that I will bring on her; and they will be weary.’” Thus far are the words of Jeremiah.
World English Bible (public domain)
“"For the LORD is a God of recompense; he will surely repay."”
Jeremiah 51:56
Summary
Jeremiah 51 continues the prophetic message of judgment against Babylon, signifying its imminent downfall. It portrays God's sovereignty over nations and His role as a divine warrior who will repay Babylon for its oppressive sins against Israel and other nations. The chapter highlights God using the Medes as His instrument of judgment, bringing utter desolation upon Babylon. The prophecy includes vivid imagery of destruction to emphasize the totality of Babylon's doom and the eventual restoration of Israel. A key theme is the contrast between Babylon's idol worship and the living God who controls the fate of empires. The chapter also reassures God's people of their eventual deliverance and vindication.
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Chapter outline
How Jeremiah 51 unfolds
Jeremiah 51:1–8 A Proclamation Against Babylon
Yahweh declares His intention to destroy Babylon and the land of the Chaldeans. He describes the punishment and the consequences of their iniquity, indicating the urgency of escape for those in Babylon.
Jeremiah 51:9–14 The Call to Flee Babylon
The people lament that Babylon cannot be healed and urge one another to return to their own lands. This section emphasizes Babylon's judgment and the end of her influence over the nations.
Jeremiah 51:15–24 Yahweh's Power and Judgment
Yahweh's sovereignty is illustrated through His creative power and authority over nations. He declares that Babylon will be repaid for its sins against His people, showing His role as a divine warrior.
Jeremiah 51:25–32 Desolation of Babylon
God describes Babylon as a destroying mountain that will face complete ruin. The prophecy foretells the complete destruction and desolation of the city and its inhabitants.
Jeremiah 51:33–44 The Fate of Babylon
God compares Babylon to a threshing floor, signaling her imminent harvest of judgment. The prophecy details the violent downfall of Babylon and the consequences faced by its leaders.
Jeremiah 51:45–58 A Final Plea and Judgment
Yahweh urges His people to flee Babylon to escape His fierce anger. The text reassures that judgment against Babylon will be thorough and complete, as foretold.
Jeremiah 51:59–64 Jeremiah's Instructions
Jeremiah instructs Seraiah on how to deliver the message of Babylon's destruction. This act symbolizes the certainty of the prophecy and the impending doom for Babylon.
Key verses
Jeremiah 51:56Jeremiah 51:56 highlights God's commitment to justice, encapsulating the chapter's theme of retribution against Babylon.
Main themes in Jeremiah 51
Judgment against Babylon
The theme of judgment against Babylon emerges prominently in verses 1-6, where Yahweh declares His intent to bring about catastrophic destruction. This section vividly portrays the destructive forces that are set to invade Babylon, signifying her imminent downfall and collapse. Throughout the chapter, this theme emphasizes that such judgment is a deliberate act of divine retribution in response to the persistent sins and injustices committed by Babylon.
God's sovereignty
God’s sovereignty is clearly highlighted in verses 15-20, which showcase His authority over all creation and the nations of the earth. The text elaborates on how the downfall of Babylon is not a random event but rather a carefully orchestrated plan by Yahweh to accomplish His divine purposes. This theme serves to remind readers that despite their current struggles and suffering, God maintains ultimate control and will ensure justice is served against those who oppress.
Vindication of Israel
The theme of vindication of Israel appears prominently in verses 5-10, where God reassures His people of their future restoration. He declares that, despite their guilt, He has not forsaken them and will bring judgment upon Babylon. This theme conveys hope for the exiled Israelites, emphasizing that their suffering will lead to eventual deliverance and justice.
Idolatry versus worship of God
Idolatry versus worship of God is a recurring theme, particularly in verses 17-19, contrasting the vanity of idols with the living God. The chapter critiques the worthlessness of Babylon's idols, reinforcing that true power and existence lie in Yahweh, the Creator. This theme encourages the faithful to remain steadfast in worshiping God alone amid a culture steeped in idolatry.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Jeremiah 51
- Jeremiah 50Jeremiah 50 parallels the themes of divine judgment and the destruction of Babylon, reinforcing the certainty of its downfall.
- Revelation 18Revelation 18 echoes the themes of Babylon's judgment and desolation, portraying a finality to her influence in the world.
- Isaiah 13Isaiah 13 connects by foretelling the fall of Babylon, highlighting God's sovereignty in executing judgment on oppressive nations.
- Jeremiah 10Jeremiah 10 develops the contrast between the living God and idols, reinforcing the theme of idolatry throughout the prophetic messages.
- Genesis 1Genesis 1 connects by showcasing God's creative power, which is echoed in His authority over nations and their destinies in this chapter.
- Jeremiah 25Jeremiah 25 provides background on God's judgment, indicating a broader context for understanding Babylon's role in Israel's history.
Study questions
Questions for studying Jeremiah 51
- What does Yahweh promise to bring against Babylon in verses 1-2?
- How is the imagery of a 'golden cup' significant in verse 7?
- What is the response of God’s people concerning Jerusalem in verses 35-36?
- How does Babylon’s fate reflect God's sovereignty as described in verses 15-24?
- What actions are commanded in verses 27-30 regarding Babylon's downfall?
- How does the chapter portray the contrasting worship of idols versus God?
- What final message does Jeremiah convey through Seraiah in verses 62-64?
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