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Matthew 12

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1At that time, Jesus went on the Sabbath day through the grain fields. His disciples were hungry and began to pluck heads of grain and to eat. 2But the Pharisees, when they saw it, said to him, “Behold, your disciples do what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath.” 3But he said to them, “Haven’t you read what David did, when he was hungry, and those who were with him; 4how he entered into God’s house, and ate the show bread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for those who were with him, but only for the priests? 5Or have you not read in the law, that on the Sabbath day, the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, and are guiltless? 6But I tell you that one greater than the temple is here. 7But if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice,’ you wouldn’t have condemned the guiltless. 8For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.” 9He departed there, and went into their synagogue. 10And behold there was a man with a withered hand. They asked him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath day?” that they might accuse him. 11He said to them, “What man is there among you, who has one sheep, and if this one falls into a pit on the Sabbath day, won’t he grab on to it, and lift it out? 12Of how much more value then is a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath day.” 13Then he told the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out; and it was restored whole, just like the other. 14But the Pharisees went out, and conspired against him, how they might destroy him. 15Jesus, perceiving that, withdrew from there. Great multitudes followed him; and he healed them all, 16and commanded them that they should not make him known: 17that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through Isaiah the prophet, saying, 18“Behold, my servant whom I have chosen; my beloved in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my Spirit on him. He will proclaim justice to the nations. 19He will not strive, nor shout; neither will anyone hear his voice in the streets. 20He won’t break a bruised reed. He won’t quench a smoking flax, until he leads justice to victory. 21In his name, the nations will hope.” 22Then one possessed by a demon, blind and mute, was brought to him and he healed him, so that the blind and mute man both spoke and saw. 23All the multitudes were amazed, and said, “Can this be the son of David?” 24But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, “This man does not cast out demons, except by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons.” 25Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation, and every city or house divided against itself will not stand. 26If Satan casts out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then will his kingdom stand? 27If I by Beelzebul cast out demons, by whom do your children cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges. 28But if I by the Spirit of God cast out demons, then God’s Kingdom has come upon you. 29Or how can one enter into the house of the strong man, and plunder his goods, unless he first bind the strong man? Then he will plunder his house. 30“He who is not with me is against me, and he who doesn’t gather with me, scatters. 31Therefore I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven men. 32Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, neither in this age, nor in that which is to come. 33“Either make the tree good, and its fruit good, or make the tree corrupt, and its fruit corrupt; for the tree is known by its fruit. 34You offspring of vipers, how can you, being evil, speak good things? For out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks. 35The good man out of his good treasure brings out good things, and the evil man out of his evil treasure brings out evil things. 36I tell you that every idle word that men speak, they will give account of it in the day of judgment. 37For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.” 38Then certain of the scribes and Pharisees answered, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from you.” 39But he answered them, “An evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, but no sign will be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet. 40For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. 41The men of Nineveh will stand up in the judgment with this generation, and will condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, someone greater than Jonah is here. 42The queen of the south will rise up in the judgment with this generation, and will condemn it, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, someone greater than Solomon is here. 43When an unclean spirit has gone out of a man, he passes through waterless places, seeking rest, and doesn’t find it. 44Then he says, ‘I will return into my house from which I came out,’ and when he has come back, he finds it empty, swept, and put in order. 45Then he goes, and takes with himself seven other spirits more evil than he is, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first. Even so will it be also to this evil generation.” 46While he was yet speaking to the multitudes, behold, his mother and his brothers stood outside, seeking to speak to him. 47One said to him, “Behold, your mother and your brothers stand outside, seeking to speak to you.” 48But he answered him who spoke to him, “Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?” 49He stretched out his hand towards his disciples, and said, “Behold, my mother and my brothers! 50For whoever does the will of my Father who is in heaven, he is my brother, and sister, and mother.”

World English Bible (public domain)

"For the Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath."

Matthew 12:8

Summary

In Matthew 12, Jesus confronts controversy surrounding the Sabbath as He and His disciples walk through grain fields and are criticized by the Pharisees for plucking grain. Jesus defends their actions by pointing to David and the temple priests, emphasizing mercy over sacrifice. He asserts His authority as 'Lord of the Sabbath.' Later, Jesus heals a man with a withered hand, revealing His compassion and challenging the Pharisees who plot to destroy Him. Jesus then heals a demon-possessed man, causing amazement among the people but drawing accusations of demonic alliance from the Pharisees. In response, Jesus speaks of the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit as unforgivable and highlights the fruitfulness of a good heart and the seriousness of words. Concluding, Jesus teaches about the sign of Jonah and the importance of kinship in God's kingdom, prioritizing spiritual relationships over biological ones.

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Chapter outline

How Matthew 12 unfolds

  1. Matthew 12:1–8 Controversy Over the Sabbath

    Jesus and His disciples pick grain on the Sabbath, leading to Pharisaic criticism. Jesus defends their actions by emphasizing mercy and declaring His authority as the Lord of the Sabbath.

  2. Matthew 12:9–14 Healing on the Sabbath

    Jesus heals a man with a withered hand in the synagogue, challenging the Pharisees' legalistic views. This act incites further hostility, as they plot to destroy Him.

  3. Matthew 12:15–21 Fulfillment of Prophecy

    Jesus withdraws as crowds follow Him, healing many while commanding silence. This fulfills Isaiah's prophecy about a servant who would bring justice.

  4. Matthew 12:22–30 Accusations and Responses

    A demon-possessed man is healed, prompting the crowd's amazement. The Pharisees accuse Jesus of working through Beelzebul, to which He responds with a warning about division.

  5. Matthew 12:31–37 Blasphemy Against the Spirit

    Jesus speaks of the unforgivable sin of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. He emphasizes the importance of words and their role in judgment.

  6. Matthew 12:38–45 Seeking a Sign

    Pharisees demand a sign, but Jesus indicates that only the sign of Jonah will be given. He warns of the spiritual danger facing this generation.

  7. Matthew 12:46–50 Redefining Kinship

    While teaching, Jesus redefines family by stating that His true relatives are those who do the will of God. This highlights spiritual relationships over biological ties.

Key verses

  • Matthew 12:8Jesus' claim as Lord of the Sabbath encapsulates His authority and reveals the heart of His ministry.

Main themes in Matthew 12

Sabbath and authority

The theme of Sabbath and authority emerges prominently in Matthew 12:1-8, where Jesus defends His disciples' actions on the Sabbath. By asserting that He is the Lord of the Sabbath, He challenges rigid interpretations of the law that prioritize rule adherence over human need. This shift emphasizes that the Sabbath should be viewed as a day for mercy and compassion, rather than merely a time for strict observance of regulations.

Mercy and compassion

In Matthew 12:9-14, the theme of mercy and compassion is vividly illustrated through Jesus' healing on the Sabbath, demonstrating His prioritization of human need over legalistic observance. His actions draw sharp criticism from the Pharisees, which highlights the ongoing tension between the principles of mercy and the strict adherence to the law. This section of the chapter invites readers to consider the true essence of following God's will, focusing on compassion rather than mere rules.

Blasphemy and forgiveness

The theme of blasphemy and forgiveness is addressed in Matthew 12:31-37, where Jesus warns against the serious nature of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, labeling it as unforgivable. This warning underscores the gravity of rejecting the work of the Spirit and the consequences that follow. The passage serves as a reminder for readers to recognize and respond appropriately to God's truth, emphasizing the significance of spiritual discernment in their faith.

Spiritual kinship

In Matthew 12:46-50, Jesus redefines spiritual kinship by asserting that those who do the will of God are His true family. This statement challenges traditional views of family relationships, emphasizing that spiritual connections are more important than biological ties. The theme reinforces the inclusive nature of Jesus' mission, inviting all who seek to do God's will to belong to His family and to participate in His community.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Matthew 12

Study questions

Questions for studying Matthew 12

  1. What do Jesus' words about mercy in verse 7 reveal about His view of the Sabbath?
  2. How does Jesus use the example of David to defend His disciples' actions?
  3. What is the significance of the healing of the man with the withered hand?
  4. How does Jesus address the Pharisees' accusation of casting out demons?
  5. What does Jesus mean by the unforgivable sin mentioned in verse 31?
  6. In what way does Jesus redefine family in this chapter?
  7. How does Isaiah's prophecy reshape the understanding of Jesus' mission?

Matthew 12: frequently asked questions

What is Matthew 12 about?+
In Matthew 12, Jesus confronts controversy surrounding the Sabbath as He and His disciples walk through grain fields and are criticized by the Pharisees for plucking grain. Jesus defends their actions by pointing to David and the temple priests, emphasizing mercy over sacrifice. He asserts His authority as 'Lord of the Sabbath.' Later, Jesus heals a man with a withered hand, revealing His compassion and challenging the Pharisees who plot to destroy Him. Jesus then heals a demon-possessed man, causing amazement among the people but drawing accusations of demonic alliance from the Pharisees. In response, Jesus speaks of the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit as unforgivable and highlights the fruitfulness of a good heart and the seriousness of words. Concluding, Jesus teaches about the sign of Jonah and the importance of kinship in God's kingdom, prioritizing spiritual relationships over biological ones.
What is the key verse in Matthew 12?+
Matthew 12:8: "For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”"
What are the main themes of Matthew 12?+
The main themes of Matthew 12 are Sabbath and authority, Mercy and compassion, Blasphemy and forgiveness, Spiritual kinship.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Matthew 12

Study Notes