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Matthew 15

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1Then Pharisees and scribes came to Jesus from Jerusalem, saying, 2“Why do your disciples disobey the tradition of the elders? For they don’t wash their hands when they eat bread.” 3He answered them, “Why do you also disobey the commandment of God because of your tradition? 4For God commanded, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 5But you say, ‘Whoever may tell his father or his mother, “Whatever help you might otherwise have gotten from me is a gift devoted to God,” 6he shall not honor his father or mother.’ You have made the commandment of God void because of your tradition. 7You hypocrites! Well did Isaiah prophesy of you, saying, 8‘These people draw near to me with their mouth, and honor me with their lips; but their heart is far from me. 9And in vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrine rules made by men.’” 10He summoned the multitude, and said to them, “Hear, and understand. 11That which enters into the mouth doesn’t defile the man; but that which proceeds out of the mouth, this defiles the man.” 12Then the disciples came, and said to him, “Do you know that the Pharisees were offended, when they heard this saying?” 13But he answered, “Every plant which my heavenly Father didn’t plant will be uprooted. 14Leave them alone. They are blind guides of the blind. If the blind guide the blind, both will fall into a pit.” 15Peter answered him, “Explain the parable to us.” 16So Jesus said, “Do you also still not understand? 17Don’t you understand that whatever goes into the mouth passes into the belly, and then out of the body? 18But the things which proceed out of the mouth come out of the heart, and they defile the man. 19For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, sexual sins, thefts, false testimony, and blasphemies. 20These are the things which defile the man; but to eat with unwashed hands doesn’t defile the man.” 21Jesus went out from there, and withdrew into the region of Tyre and Sidon. 22Behold, a Canaanite woman came out from those borders, and cried, saying, “Have mercy on me, Lord, you son of David! My daughter is severely possessed by a demon!” 23But he answered her not a word. His disciples came and begged him, saying, “Send her away; for she cries after us.” 24But he answered, “I wasn’t sent to anyone but the lost sheep of the house of Israel.” 25But she came and worshiped him, saying, “Lord, help me.” 26But he answered, “It is not appropriate to take the children’s bread and throw it to the dogs.” 27But she said, “Yes, Lord, but even the dogs eat the crumbs which fall from their masters’ table.” 28Then Jesus answered her, “Woman, great is your faith! Be it done to you even as you desire.” And her daughter was healed from that hour. 29Jesus departed from there, and came near to the sea of Galilee; and he went up into the mountain, and sat there. 30Great multitudes came to him, having with them the lame, blind, mute, maimed, and many others, and they put them down at his feet. He healed them, 31so that the multitude wondered when they saw the mute speaking, the injured healed, the lame walking, and the blind seeing—and they glorified the God of Israel. 32Jesus summoned his disciples and said, “I have compassion on the multitude, because they continue with me now three days and have nothing to eat. I don’t want to send them away fasting, or they might faint on the way.” 33The disciples said to him, “Where should we get so many loaves in a deserted place as to satisfy so great a multitude?” 34Jesus said to them, “How many loaves do you have?” They said, “Seven, and a few small fish.” 35He commanded the multitude to sit down on the ground; 36and he took the seven loaves and the fish. He gave thanks and broke them, and gave to the disciples, and the disciples to the multitudes. 37They all ate, and were filled. They took up seven baskets full of the broken pieces that were left over. 38Those who ate were four thousand men, besides women and children. 39Then he sent away the multitudes, got into the boat, and came into the borders of Magdala.

World English Bible (public domain)

"But what comes out of the mouth proceeds from the heart, and this defiles a person."

Matthew 15:18

Summary

Matthew 15 opens with Pharisees and scribes challenging Jesus on matters of traditional rituals, particularly hand-washing. Jesus responds by condemning them for placing human traditions above God's commandments, using Isaiah's prophecy to highlight their hypocrisy. This confrontation underscores the theme of inward versus outward purity, emphasizing the importance of a heart aligned with God's will. Next, Jesus travels to the region of Tyre and Sidon, where a Canaanite woman demonstrates extraordinary faith. Despite initial resistance, her persistence and humility lead to her daughter's healing, showcasing Jesus' mission reaching beyond ethnic boundaries. Afterwards, Jesus returns to the Sea of Galilee and heals many, displaying compassion and divine authority. This is followed by another miraculous feeding of a large crowd, illustrating God's provision and power. Throughout the chapter, the focus remains on the themes of true purity, faith, and the universality of Jesus' message. The theological significance of this chapter lies in the emphasis on internal purity over external obedience to human traditions. It highlights faith as a central aspect of the relationship with God, transcending cultural and ethnic divides. The encounters with the Canaanite woman and the multitudes signify the Kingdom of God's openness to all, as well as Jesus' compassion for physical and spiritual needs.

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Chapter outline

How Matthew 15 unfolds

  1. Matthew 15:1–9 Challenge of Tradition

    Pharisees and scribes confront Jesus about his disciples not following hand-washing traditions; Jesus counters by criticizing their disregard for God's commandments, emphasizing true worship.

  2. Matthew 15:10–20 Inward vs. Outward Purity

    Jesus teaches the crowd that moral defilement comes from the heart, not from unwashed hands, illustrating the importance of inner integrity.

  3. Matthew 15:21–28 Faith of the Canaanite Woman

    In Tyre and Sidon, a Canaanite woman appeals to Jesus for help; her persistence and faith lead to her daughter's healing, showcasing Jesus' openness to outsiders.

  4. Matthew 15:29–31 Healing the Multitude

    Jesus heals many afflicted individuals, demonstrating his compassion and authority, prompting the crowd to glorify God for the miracles.

  5. Matthew 15:32–39 Feeding the Four Thousand

    Concerned for the hungry crowd, Jesus performs a miracle by feeding four thousand men, highlighting God's provision and the abundance of his blessings.

Key verses

  • Matthew 15:18The key verse underscores the chapter's focus on the importance of inner moral integrity over mere external adherence to traditions.

Main themes in Matthew 15

True purity

True purity is significantly highlighted when Jesus teaches that defilement originates from the heart, as expressed in verses 18-20. This teaching challenges the Pharisees' emphasis on external rituals and observances, redirecting the focus toward moral integrity and inner character. As a result, the chapter invites readers to reflect on the true nature of their purity, encouraging a deeper examination of their intentions and actions rather than mere adherence to traditions.

Faith and persistence

The theme of faith and persistence is powerfully illustrated through the Canaanite woman's bold plea for help found in verses 22-28. Her unwavering determination to seek Jesus' mercy, despite facing initial rejection, highlights the importance of faith that persists beyond cultural and societal barriers. This narrative suggests that genuine faith is recognized and rewarded by Jesus, demonstrating that true belief can transcend boundaries and is welcomed by Him.

Jesus' compassion

Jesus' compassion is evident in his response to the crowds in verses 32-36, where he expresses concern for their hunger. His actions in healing the sick and feeding the multitude illustrate a deep care for both physical and spiritual needs. The chapter reinforces how Jesus embodies God’s compassion for all people.

Inclusivity of the Gospel

The inclusivity of the Gospel is vividly illustrated in the interaction between the Canaanite woman and Jesus, underscoring that faith is not confined by ethnicity or cultural identity. Her healing serves as a clear indication that Jesus' mission extends beyond the confines of Israel, inviting all who have faith to partake in His grace. This theme broadens the understanding of the Gospel as being accessible to everyone, affirming the universal nature of Christ's message.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Matthew 15

Study questions

Questions for studying Matthew 15

  1. What tradition do the Pharisees accuse Jesus' disciples of breaking?
  2. How does Jesus refute the Pharisees' challenge regarding hand washing?
  3. What does Jesus mean when he says, 'what comes out of the mouth proceeds from the heart'?
  4. How does the Canaanite woman's faith differ from the expectations of the disciples?
  5. What does Jesus' healing of the multitudes reveal about his character?
  6. How does the feeding of the four thousand illustrate Jesus' compassion?
  7. What does this chapter suggest about the inclusivity of Jesus' ministry?

Matthew 15: frequently asked questions

What is Matthew 15 about?+
Matthew 15 opens with Pharisees and scribes challenging Jesus on matters of traditional rituals, particularly hand-washing. Jesus responds by condemning them for placing human traditions above God's commandments, using Isaiah's prophecy to highlight their hypocrisy. This confrontation underscores the theme of inward versus outward purity, emphasizing the importance of a heart aligned with God's will. Next, Jesus travels to the region of Tyre and Sidon, where a Canaanite woman demonstrates extraordinary faith. Despite initial resistance, her persistence and humility lead to her daughter's healing, showcasing Jesus' mission reaching beyond ethnic boundaries. Afterwards, Jesus returns to the Sea of Galilee and heals many, displaying compassion and divine authority. This is followed by another miraculous feeding of a large crowd, illustrating God's provision and power. Throughout the chapter, the focus remains on the themes of true purity, faith, and the universality of Jesus' message. The theological significance of this chapter lies in the emphasis on internal purity over external obedience to human traditions. It highlights faith as a central aspect of the relationship with God, transcending cultural and ethnic divides. The encounters with the Canaanite woman and the multitudes signify the Kingdom of God's openness to all, as well as Jesus' compassion for physical and spiritual needs.
What is the key verse in Matthew 15?+
Matthew 15:18: "But the things which proceed out of the mouth come out of the heart, and they defile the man."
What are the main themes of Matthew 15?+
The main themes of Matthew 15 are True purity, Faith and persistence, Jesus' compassion, Inclusivity of the Gospel.

Related chapters

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Study Notes