Luke 11
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1When he finished praying in a certain place, one of his disciples said to him, “Lord, teach us to pray, just as John also taught his disciples.” 2He said to them, “When you pray, say, ‘Our Father in heaven, may your name be kept holy. May your Kingdom come. May your will be done on earth, as it is in heaven. 3Give us day by day our daily bread. 4Forgive us our sins, for we ourselves also forgive everyone who is indebted to us. Bring us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.’” 5He said to them, “Which of you, if you go to a friend at midnight, and tell him, ‘Friend, lend me three loaves of bread, 6for a friend of mine has come to me from a journey, and I have nothing to set before him,’ 7and he from within will answer and say, ‘Don’t bother me. The door is now shut, and my children are with me in bed. I can’t get up and give it to you’? 8I tell you, although he will not rise and give it to him because he is his friend, yet because of his persistence, he will get up and give him as many as he needs. 9“I tell you, keep asking, and it will be given you. Keep seeking, and you will find. Keep knocking, and it will be opened to you. 10For everyone who asks receives. He who seeks finds. To him who knocks it will be opened. 11“Which of you fathers, if your son asks for bread, will give him a stone? Or if he asks for a fish, he won’t give him a snake instead of a fish, will he? 12Or if he asks for an egg, he won’t give him a scorpion, will he? 13If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him?” 14He was casting out a demon, and it was mute. When the demon had gone out, the mute man spoke; and the multitudes marveled. 15But some of them said, “He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons.” 16Others, testing him, sought from him a sign from heaven. 17But he, knowing their thoughts, said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation. A house divided against itself falls. 18If Satan also is divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? For you say that I cast out demons by Beelzebul. 19But if I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your children cast them out? Therefore will they be your judges. 20But if I by God’s finger cast out demons, then God’s Kingdom has come to you. 21“When the strong man, fully armed, guards his own dwelling, his goods are safe. 22But when someone stronger attacks him and overcomes him, he takes from him his whole armor in which he trusted, and divides his plunder. 23“He that is not with me is against me. He who doesn’t gather with me scatters. 24The unclean spirit, when he has gone out of the man, passes through dry places, seeking rest, and finding none, he says, ‘I will turn back to my house from which I came out.’ 25When he returns, he finds it swept and put in order. 26Then he goes, and takes seven other spirits more evil than himself, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first.” 27It came to pass, as he said these things, a certain woman out of the multitude lifted up her voice, and said to him, “Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the breasts which nursed you!” 28But he said, “On the contrary, blessed are those who hear the word of God, and keep it.” 29When the multitudes were gathering together to him, he began to say, “This is an evil generation. It seeks after a sign. No sign will be given to it but the sign of Jonah, the prophet. 30For even as Jonah became a sign to the Ninevites, so will also the Son of Man be to this generation. 31The Queen of the South will rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and will condemn them: for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, one greater than Solomon is here. 32The men of Nineveh will stand up in the judgment with this generation, and will condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, one greater than Jonah is here. 33“No one, when he has lit a lamp, puts it in a cellar or under a basket, but on a stand, that those who come in may see the light. 34The lamp of the body is the eye. Therefore when your eye is good, your whole body is also full of light; but when it is evil, your body also is full of darkness. 35Therefore see whether the light that is in you isn’t darkness. 36If therefore your whole body is full of light, having no part dark, it will be wholly full of light, as when the lamp with its bright shining gives you light.” 37Now as he spoke, a certain Pharisee asked him to dine with him. He went in, and sat at the table. 38When the Pharisee saw it, he marveled that he had not first washed himself before dinner. 39The Lord said to him, “Now you Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and of the platter, but your inward part is full of extortion and wickedness. 40You foolish ones, didn’t he who made the outside make the inside also? 41But give for gifts to the needy those things which are within, and behold, all things will be clean to you. 42But woe to you Pharisees! For you tithe mint and rue and every herb, but you bypass justice and God’s love. You ought to have done these, and not to have left the other undone. 43Woe to you Pharisees! For you love the best seats in the synagogues, and the greetings in the marketplaces. 44Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like hidden graves, and the men who walk over them don’t know it.” 45One of the lawyers answered him, “Teacher, in saying this you insult us also.” 46He said, “Woe to you lawyers also! For you load men with burdens that are difficult to carry, and you yourselves won’t even lift one finger to help carry those burdens. 47Woe to you! For you build the tombs of the prophets, and your fathers killed them. 48So you testify and consent to the works of your fathers. For they killed them, and you build their tombs. 49Therefore also the wisdom of God said, ‘I will send to them prophets and apostles; and some of them they will kill and persecute, 50that the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation; 51from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zachariah, who perished between the altar and the sanctuary.’ Yes, I tell you, it will be required of this generation. 52Woe to you lawyers! For you took away the key of knowledge. You didn’t enter in yourselves, and those who were entering in, you hindered.” 53As he said these things to them, the scribes and the Pharisees began to be terribly angry, and to draw many things out of him; 54lying in wait for him, and seeking to catch him in something he might say, that they might accuse him.
World English Bible (public domain)
“"Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and keep it!"”
Luke 11:28
Summary
In Luke 11, Jesus begins by teaching His disciples about prayer through the Lord's Prayer, highlighting the importance of addressing God as Father, seeking His kingdom, and daily provision. He emphasizes persistence in prayer through the parable of a friend at midnight and assures that God, as a loving Father, will provide the Holy Spirit to those who ask. As He performs a miracle by casting out a demon, Jesus confronts accusations of colluding with Beelzebul. He emphasizes the necessity of being with Him, as neutrality is not an option. Jesus underscores the importance of spiritual vigilance and caution against moral regression. Continuing His journey, Jesus condemns the hypocrisy of the Pharisees and scribes who prioritize external appearances over internal righteousness, indicting them with a series of woes. He calls for genuine repentance and highlights the dangers of legalism.
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Chapter outline
How Luke 11 unfolds
Luke 11:1–4 Teaching on Prayer
Jesus teaches His disciples how to pray, introducing the Lord's Prayer. This prayer emphasizes approaching God as Father and seeking His will, provision, and forgiveness.
Luke 11:5–13 Persistence in Prayer
Jesus uses a parable to illustrate the value of persistence in prayer, assuring that God will respond to those who earnestly seek Him. He emphasizes God's willingness to give good gifts, highlighting the Holy Spirit as the ultimate gift.
Luke 11:14–26 Accusations and Authority
After casting out a mute demon, Jesus faces accusations of using Beelzebul's power. He argues against this notion by explaining the impossibility of a divided kingdom and asserts that His actions signify the arrival of God’s Kingdom.
Luke 11:27–32 Signs and Judgment
A woman praises Jesus' mother, but He states that those who hear and obey God's word are blessed. Jesus condemns the generation's demand for signs, likening them to Jonah and the Queen of the South.
Luke 11:33–36 The Light Within
Jesus teaches about the importance of spiritual sight using the metaphor of a lamp. He warns that the condition of one's eye determines the clarity of the inner self, urging vigilance against darkness.
Luke 11:37–54 Woes to Pharisees and Lawyers
During a meal with a Pharisee, Jesus critiques the hypocrisy of religious leaders. He pronounces woes for their external focus instead of internal purity, emphasizing the need for justice, love, and true knowledge.
Key verses
Luke 11:28Luke 11:28 encapsulates the chapter's focus on the importance of hearing and obeying God's word.
Main themes in Luke 11
Prayer and Persistence
The theme of prayer and persistence surfaces in verses 1-13, where Jesus teaches the Lord's Prayer and emphasizes a friend's persistence in seeking help. The chapter develops this theme by assuring that God responds to those who continually seek Him. This insistence on active engagement in prayer highlights the relationship between believers and God, establishing a framework for how they should approach Him.
Spiritual Warfare
Spiritual warfare is evident in verses 14-26, where Jesus confronts the challenge posed by demonic possession and the accusations against Him. The chapter complicates the theme by illustrating the reality of spiritual conflict and the decisive power of Jesus over evil. By asserting that His ability to cast out demons signals the arrival of God's Kingdom, the text emphasizes the importance of recognizing spiritual authority.
Hypocrisy
Hypocrisy becomes a focal point in verses 37-54, as Jesus criticizes the Pharisees and lawyers for their external observance of the law that neglects true righteousness. This theme unfolds through a series of woes that highlight the discrepancies between their outward practices and inner corruption. Within the chapter's larger movement, this critique serves as a call for genuine faith and alignment with God's justice and love.
God's Provision
God's provision is central in verses 2-13, particularly through the Lord's Prayer, which articulates the need for daily bread and forgiveness. The chapter illustrates how God desires to provide for His people, contrasting earthly parents' gifts with the greater gifts of the heavenly Father. This theme reinforces the assurance that God meets the needs of those who earnestly seek Him.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Luke 11
- Matthew 7This passage echoes the teaching on asking, seeking, and knocking, reinforcing the assurance that God responds to persistent prayer.
- Matthew 6The emphasis on prayer in this chapter connects to Jesus' teachings on prayer and the importance of not being hypocritical in our spiritual lives.
- John 15This theme of abiding in Jesus ties to the necessity of being with Him, as mentioned in the discussion on spiritual warfare.
- Mark 11The teaching about faith and prayer connects to the broader message about God's willingness to respond to earnest requests.
- James 1James' exhortation to ask without doubting resonates with the persistent prayer theme found in this chapter.
- Matthew 21The notion of Jesus challenging the religious leaders' hypocrisy connects to His pointed criticisms of the Pharisees and lawyers here.
Study questions
Questions for studying Luke 11
- What does the Lord's Prayer emphasize about our relationship with God?
- How does Jesus use the parable of the friend at midnight to teach about prayer?
- What arguments does Jesus present against the accusations of casting out demons by Beelzebul?
- How does Jesus' statement about the Queen of the South challenge the generation's expectations?
- What does the metaphor of the lamp reveal about spiritual awareness?
- What specific behaviors does Jesus condemn in the Pharisees and lawyers?
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