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Matthew 21

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1When they came near to Jerusalem, and came to Bethsphage, to the Mount of Olives, then Jesus sent two disciples, 2saying to them, “Go into the village that is opposite you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied, and a colt with her. Untie them, and bring them to me. 3If anyone says anything to you, you shall say, ‘The Lord needs them,’ and immediately he will send them.” 4All this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through the prophet, saying, 5“Tell the daughter of Zion, behold, your King comes to you, humble, and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.” 6The disciples went, and did just as Jesus commanded them, 7and brought the donkey and the colt, and laid their clothes on them; and he sat on them. 8A very great multitude spread their clothes on the road. Others cut branches from the trees, and spread them on the road. 9The multitudes who went in front of him, and those who followed, kept shouting, “Hosanna to the son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!” 10When he had come into Jerusalem, all the city was stirred up, saying, “Who is this?” 11The multitudes said, “This is the prophet, Jesus, from Nazareth of Galilee.” 12Jesus entered into the temple of God, and drove out all of those who sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the money changers’ tables and the seats of those who sold the doves. 13He said to them, “It is written, ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer,’ but you have made it a den of robbers!” 14The blind and the lame came to him in the temple, and he healed them. 15But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things that he did, and the children who were crying in the temple and saying, “Hosanna to the son of David!” they were indignant, 16and said to him, “Do you hear what these are saying?” Jesus said to them, “Yes. Did you never read, ‘Out of the mouth of babes and nursing babies you have perfected praise?’” 17He left them, and went out of the city to Bethany, and camped there. 18Now in the morning, as he returned to the city, he was hungry. 19Seeing a fig tree by the road, he came to it, and found nothing on it but leaves. He said to it, “Let there be no fruit from you forever!” Immediately the fig tree withered away. 20When the disciples saw it, they marveled, saying, “How did the fig tree immediately wither away?” 21Jesus answered them, “Most certainly I tell you, if you have faith, and don’t doubt, you will not only do what was done to the fig tree, but even if you told this mountain, ‘Be taken up and cast into the sea,’ it would be done. 22All things, whatever you ask in prayer, believing, you will receive.” 23When he had come into the temple, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to him as he was teaching, and said, “By what authority do you do these things? Who gave you this authority?” 24Jesus answered them, “I also will ask you one question, which if you tell me, I likewise will tell you by what authority I do these things. 25The baptism of John, where was it from? From heaven or from men?” They reasoned with themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will ask us, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’ 26But if we say, ‘From men,’ we fear the multitude, for all hold John as a prophet.” 27They answered Jesus, and said, “We don’t know.” He also said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things. 28But what do you think? A man had two sons, and he came to the first, and said, ‘Son, go work today in my vineyard.’ 29He answered, ‘I will not,’ but afterward he changed his mind, and went. 30He came to the second, and said the same thing. He answered, ‘I’ m going, sir,’ but he didn’t go. 31Which of the two did the will of his father?” They said to him, “The first.” Jesus said to them, “Most certainly I tell you that the tax collectors and the prostitutes are entering into God’s Kingdom before you. 32For John came to you in the way of righteousness, and you didn’t believe him, but the tax collectors and the prostitutes believed him. When you saw it, you didn’t even repent afterward, that you might believe him. 33“Hear another parable. There was a man who was a master of a household, who planted a vineyard, set a hedge about it, dug a wine press in it, built a tower, leased it out to farmers, and went into another country. 34When the season for the fruit came near, he sent his servants to the farmers, to receive his fruit. 35The farmers took his servants, beat one, killed another, and stoned another. 36Again, he sent other servants more than the first: and they treated them the same way. 37But afterward he sent to them his son, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ 38But the farmers, when they saw the son, said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and seize his inheritance.’ 39So they took him, and threw him out of the vineyard, and killed him. 40When therefore the lord of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those farmers?” 41They told him, “He will miserably destroy those miserable men, and will lease out the vineyard to other farmers, who will give him the fruit in its season.” 42Jesus said to them, “Did you never read in the Scriptures, ‘The stone which the builders rejected, the same was made the head of the corner. This was from the Lord. It is marvelous in our eyes?’ 43“Therefore I tell you, God’s Kingdom will be taken away from you, and will be given to a nation producing its fruit. 44He who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but on whomever it will fall, it will scatter him as dust.” 45When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard his parables, they perceived that he spoke about them. 46When they sought to seize him, they feared the multitudes, because they considered him to be a prophet.

World English Bible (public domain)

"And the crowds that went before him and that followed him were shouting, 'Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!'"

Matthew 21:9

Summary

Matthew 21 recounts several significant events as Jesus enters Jerusalem, marking the beginning of Passion Week. First, Jesus instructs His disciples to find a donkey and a colt, fulfilling the prophecy of Zechariah 9:9, which speaks of a king coming to Jerusalem humbly riding on a donkey. This triumphal entry is greeted by crowds who lay down their cloaks and palm branches, shouting praises to Jesus as the 'Son of David,' acknowledging Him as Messiah. Upon entering the city, Jesus visits the temple and drives out the money changers, declaring God's house as a place of prayer rather than a den of robbers, highlighting His authority and reverence for true worship. Following these events, Jesus teaches crucial lessons on faith and authority. He curses a barren fig tree, symbolizing the coming judgment on unfaithfulness, and the tree withers. He further engages with the religious leaders in parables and questions, challenging their understanding and revealing their lack of spiritual authority. The parable of the two sons warns against hypocrisy, while the parable of the tenants illustrates the rejection of God's messengers and His Son, foreshadowing His crucifixion. These narratives present themes of rightful worship, divine authority, and the dichotomy between appearance and true righteousness.

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Chapter outline

How Matthew 21 unfolds

  1. Matthew 21:1–6 Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem

    Jesus instructs two disciples to fetch a donkey and a colt, fulfilling Zechariah's prophecy about the humble king. The disciples obey, demonstrating their trust in Jesus' authority.

  2. Matthew 21:7–11 Crowd's Response to Jesus

    The crowd honors Jesus by spreading their cloaks and branches, shouting praises. They recognize Him as the prophet from Nazareth, affirming His messianic identity.

  3. Matthew 21:12–17 Cleansing the Temple

    Jesus drives out the merchants from the temple, declaring it a house of prayer. This act underscores His authority and calls for genuine worship in the temple.

  4. Matthew 21:18–22 Withering of the Fig Tree

    Hungry, Jesus curses a barren fig tree, which withers immediately. This act symbolizes the coming judgment on unfruitfulness and emphasizes the power of faith.

  5. Matthew 21:23–27 Authority Questioned

    Religious leaders challenge Jesus about His authority. They fail to answer His question regarding John's baptism, exposing their unwillingness to acknowledge the truth.

  6. Matthew 21:28–32 Parable of the Two Sons

    Jesus presents a parable contrasting two sons' responses to their father's command. He highlights the tax collectors and prostitutes' repentance, suggesting they enter the Kingdom before the leaders.

  7. Matthew 21:33–46 Parable of the Wicked Tenants

    Jesus tells a parable about wicked tenants who kill the owner's son. This foreshadows His own rejection and the transfer of God's blessings to those who produce fruit.

Key verses

  • Matthew 21:9Matthew 21:9 encapsulates the chapter's focus on Jesus' identity and the recognition of His kingship by the people.

Main themes in Matthew 21

Messiahship

The theme of Messiahship is particularly evident when Jesus enters Jerusalem on a donkey, fulfilling the prophecy found in verse 5. As He makes this entrance, the crowd acclaims Him as 'the son of David' in verse 9, which reinforces His identity as the awaited Messiah. This moment highlights the people's expectation of deliverance and salvation tied to Jesus' mission, underscoring the significance of His role in the unfolding narrative.

Authority

The theme of authority is prominently displayed through Jesus' actions in the temple and His interactions with the religious leaders in verses 12-27. By cleansing the temple and skillfully questioning the authority of the leaders, Jesus asserts His rightful place as the Son of God and challenges the existing religious power structures. This development emphasizes not only His divine authority but also the implications for those who hold power and influence in spiritual matters.

Faith and Repentance

The theme of faith and repentance is brought to light in the parable of the two sons presented in verses 28-32. In this parable, Jesus contrasts the outward compliance of the second son with the genuine repentance exhibited by the first son, illustrating the deeper meaning of true faith. This theme encourages the audience to recognize that authentic faith is evidenced by actions that reflect true transformation and a heartfelt response to God's call.

Judgment on Hypocrisy

Judgment on hypocrisy is vividly illustrated through the parable of the wicked tenants in verses 33-46. In this parable, Jesus issues a stern warning to the religious leaders regarding the consequences of rejecting God's messengers, including Himself, signifying a serious indictment against their spiritual unfaithfulness. This theme serves to highlight the dangers of hypocrisy within spiritual leadership and the inevitable judgment that comes from failing to recognize and respond to God's truth.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Matthew 21

Study questions

Questions for studying Matthew 21

  1. What prophecy does Jesus fulfill by riding a donkey into Jerusalem?
  2. How do the crowds' reactions reveal their understanding of Jesus' identity?
  3. What does Jesus' cleansing of the temple indicate about His views on worship?
  4. What lesson does the withering fig tree convey about faith and fruitfulness?
  5. How do the religious leaders' reactions to Jesus demonstrate their spiritual blindness?
  6. What message is Jesus communicating through the parable of the two sons?
  7. How does the parable of the wicked tenants foreshadow events leading to Jesus' crucifixion?

Matthew 21: frequently asked questions

What is Matthew 21 about?+
Matthew 21 recounts several significant events as Jesus enters Jerusalem, marking the beginning of Passion Week. First, Jesus instructs His disciples to find a donkey and a colt, fulfilling the prophecy of Zechariah 9:9, which speaks of a king coming to Jerusalem humbly riding on a donkey. This triumphal entry is greeted by crowds who lay down their cloaks and palm branches, shouting praises to Jesus as the 'Son of David,' acknowledging Him as Messiah. Upon entering the city, Jesus visits the temple and drives out the money changers, declaring God's house as a place of prayer rather than a den of robbers, highlighting His authority and reverence for true worship. Following these events, Jesus teaches crucial lessons on faith and authority. He curses a barren fig tree, symbolizing the coming judgment on unfaithfulness, and the tree withers. He further engages with the religious leaders in parables and questions, challenging their understanding and revealing their lack of spiritual authority. The parable of the two sons warns against hypocrisy, while the parable of the tenants illustrates the rejection of God's messengers and His Son, foreshadowing His crucifixion. These narratives present themes of rightful worship, divine authority, and the dichotomy between appearance and true righteousness.
What is the key verse in Matthew 21?+
Matthew 21:9: "The multitudes who went in front of him, and those who followed, kept shouting, “Hosanna to the son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!”"
What are the main themes of Matthew 21?+
The main themes of Matthew 21 are Messiahship, Authority, Faith and Repentance, Judgment on Hypocrisy.

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