Matthew 20
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1“For the Kingdom of Heaven is like a man who was the master of a household, who went out early in the morning to hire laborers for his vineyard. 2When he had agreed with the laborers for a denarius a day, he sent them into his vineyard. 3He went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the marketplace. 4He said to them, ‘You also go into the vineyard, and whatever is right I will give you.’ So they went their way. 5Again he went out about the sixth and the ninth hour, and did likewise. 6About the eleventh hour he went out, and found others standing idle. He said to them, ‘Why do you stand here all day idle?’ 7“They said to him, ‘Because no one has hired us.’ “He said to them, ‘You also go into the vineyard, and you will receive whatever is right.’ 8When evening had come, the lord of the vineyard said to his manager, ‘Call the laborers and pay them their wages, beginning from the last to the first.’ 9“When those who were hired at about the eleventh hour came, they each received a denarius. 10When the first came, they supposed that they would receive more; and they likewise each received a denarius. 11When they received it, they murmured against the master of the household, 12saying, ‘These last have spent one hour, and you have made them equal to us, who have borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat!’ 13“But he answered one of them, ‘Friend, I am doing you no wrong. Didn’t you agree with me for a denarius? 14Take that which is yours, and go your way. It is my desire to give to this last just as much as to you. 15Isn’t it lawful for me to do what I want to with what I own? Or is your eye evil, because I am good?’ 16So the last will be first, and the first last. For many are called, but few are chosen.” 17As Jesus was going up to Jerusalem, he took the twelve disciples aside, and on the way he said to them, 18“Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, and they will condemn him to death, 19and will hand him over to the Gentiles to mock, to scourge, and to crucify; and the third day he will be raised up.” 20Then the mother of the sons of Zebedee came to him with her sons, kneeling and asking a certain thing of him. 21He said to her, “What do you want?” She said to him, “Command that these, my two sons, may sit, one on your right hand, and one on your left hand, in your Kingdom.” 22But Jesus answered, “You don’t know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I am about to drink, and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?” They said to him, “We are able.” 23He said to them, “You will indeed drink my cup, and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with, but to sit on my right hand and on my left hand is not mine to give; but it is for whom it has been prepared by my Father.” 24When the ten heard it, they were indignant with the two brothers. 25But Jesus summoned them, and said, “You know that the rulers of the nations lord it over them, and their great ones exercise authority over them. 26It shall not be so among you, but whoever desires to become great among you shall be your servant. 27Whoever desires to be first among you shall be your bondservant, 28even as the Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.” 29As they went out from Jericho, a great multitude followed him. 30Behold, two blind men sitting by the road, when they heard that Jesus was passing by, cried out, “Lord, have mercy on us, you son of David!” 31The multitude rebuked them, telling them that they should be quiet, but they cried out even more, “Lord, have mercy on us, you son of David!” 32Jesus stood still, and called them, and asked, “What do you want me to do for you?” 33They told him, “Lord, that our eyes may be opened.” 34Jesus, being moved with compassion, touched their eyes; and immediately their eyes received their sight, and they followed him.
World English Bible (public domain)
“"So the last will be first, and the first last."”
Matthew 20:16
Summary
Matthew 20 opens with the Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard, where Jesus likens the kingdom of heaven to a landowner who hires workers throughout the day and pays them all equally. This parable highlights the lavish grace of God and challenges human notions of fairness. As Jesus continues His journey toward Jerusalem, He predicts His death and resurrection for the third time, revealing His mission and the path of suffering and service He must endure. In response to this, the mother of James and John requests positions of honor for her sons, prompting Jesus to teach about true greatness in the kingdom — it is not about power or status, but about servanthood. Jesus concludes by healing two blind men near Jericho, demonstrating His compassion and authority.
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Chapter outline
How Matthew 20 unfolds
Matthew 20:1–16 The Parable of the Workers
Jesus tells a parable about a landowner who hires laborers at different times and pays them all the same, illustrating God's grace toward all.
Matthew 20:17–19 Jesus Predicts His Death Again
As Jesus travels to Jerusalem, He predicts His suffering, rejection, and resurrection, emphasizing the gravity of His mission.
Matthew 20:20–23 The Request of James and John
The mother of Zebedee's sons asks Jesus for positions of honor, which prompts Jesus to discuss the nature of true greatness.
Matthew 20:24–28 Teaching on Servanthood
Jesus contrasts worldly authority with the call to servanthood, stating that greatness in His kingdom comes from serving others.
Matthew 20:29–34 Healing Two Blind Men
As Jesus leaves Jericho, He heals two blind men who cry out for mercy, demonstrating His compassion and power.
Key verses
Matthew 20:16Matthew 20:16 encapsulates the chapter's message about God's grace, emphasizing that divine generosity transcends human expectations.
Main themes in Matthew 20
Grace
The theme of grace is prominent in the parable of the workers, particularly in verses 13-15, where all laborers receive equal pay. This challenges human notions of fairness and highlights God's generous nature. It signifies that grace is not earned but given freely, reflecting the inclusion of all in God's kingdom.
Explore grace in the Bible →Servanthood
Jesus teaches about servanthood in verses 26-28, emphasizing that true greatness is found in serving others rather than wielding power. This teaching arises from the request for honor by James and John, showing a stark contrast to worldly ambitions. It places servanthood at the heart of Christian leadership and community life.
Sacrifice
The theme of sacrifice is evident in Jesus' prediction of His suffering in verses 18-19, where He outlines His impending crucifixion. This foreshadowing of His ultimate sacrifice sets the stage for understanding His mission. It invites readers to reflect on the cost of discipleship and the nature of true love.
Compassion
Compassion is vividly illustrated in Matthew 20 through the healing of the two blind men in verses 33-34. In this passage, Jesus not only hears their cries for mercy but also actively responds by restoring their sight, reflecting His deep empathy and willingness to engage with those who suffer. This story underscores the importance of compassion as a core aspect of Jesus' ministry, inviting believers to reflect that same compassion in their interactions with others.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Matthew 20
- Mark 10Mark 10 connects with Matthew 20 by sharing similar teachings on servanthood and the nature of God's kingdom.
- Isaiah 53Isaiah 53 develops the theme of sacrifice, paralleling Jesus' prediction of suffering and His role as the suffering servant.
- Luke 22Luke 22 echoes the discussion on greatness and servanthood, as Jesus teaches about serving others during the Last Supper.
- Philippians 2Philippians 2 connects by emphasizing humility and the servant nature of Christ, aligning with Matthew's teaching on true greatness.
- John 10John 10 develops the theme of Jesus as the good shepherd who lays down His life, paralleling the sacrificial aspect of His mission.
- Matthew 26Matthew 26 connects with the themes of sacrifice and servanthood, culminating in Jesus' ultimate act of love in His crucifixion.
Study questions
Questions for studying Matthew 20
- What does the landowner's payment to the laborers reveal about God's grace?
- How does Jesus' prediction of His death affect His disciples?
- What lesson does Jesus teach about greatness in His kingdom?
- How do the blind men's cries for mercy illustrate their faith?
- In what ways does this chapter challenge societal ideas of fairness?
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