ScriptureDepth's study of Matthew 20
“So the last will be first, and the first last. For many are called, but few are chosen.”
Matthew 20:16
Jesus speaks this to his disciples after a parable about wages, addressing their expectations by declaring that 'the last will be first'.
What Matthew 20 is about
The parable of the workers describes a master of a household who hires laborers for his vineyard throughout the day. Those hired in the morning agree to a denarius a day. When evening comes, all workers, regardless of when they were hired, receive a denarius. The first workers complain that they have worked longer hours, but the master responds that they agreed to their wage and questions their attitude toward his generosity (vv. 1-16). Jesus predicts his death to the disciples, explaining he will be condemned, mocked, and crucified, then raised on the third day (vv. 17-19). The mother of James and John requests that her sons sit beside Jesus in his Kingdom, but he tells her that such positions are not his to grant (vv. 20-23). Jesus teaches his disciples about servanthood, stating that greatness comes from serving others, as he did (vv. 24-28). Two blind men call out for mercy, and Jesus heals them, restoring their sight (vv. 29-34).
The last will be first, and the first last, for many are called, but few are chosen.
Matthew 20 at a glance
- Matthew 20:1–16The Parable of the Workers
- Matthew 20:17–19Jesus Predicts His Death Again
- Matthew 20:20–23The Request of James and John
- Matthew 20:24–28Teaching on Servanthood
- Matthew 20:29–34Healing Two Blind Men
Key verse: Matthew 20:16
One thing to notice
The master goes out to hire laborers at the first, third, sixth, ninth, and eleventh hours, as seen in vv. 1-7. Laborers are called at various times throughout the day, responding to the master's invitation to work in the vineyard.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Matthew 20 (WEB)
The Parable of the Workers Matthew 20:1–16
1Verse 1. “For the Kingdom of Heaven is like a man who was the master of a household, who went out early in the morning to hire laborers for his vineyard. 2Verse 2. When he had agreed with the laborers for a denarius a day, he sent them into his vineyard. 3Verse 3. He went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the marketplace. 4Verse 4. He said to them, ‘You also go into the vineyard, and whatever is right I will give you.’ So they went their way. 5Verse 5. Again he went out about the sixth and the ninth hour, and did likewise. 6Verse 6. About the eleventh hour he went out, and found others standing idle. He said to them, ‘Why do you stand here all day idle?’
7Verse 7. “They said to him, ‘Because no one has hired us.’ “He said to them, ‘You also go into the vineyard, and you will receive whatever is right.’ 8Verse 8. When evening had come, the lord of the vineyard said to his manager, ‘Call the laborers and pay them their wages, beginning from the last to the first.’ 9Verse 9. “When those who were hired at about the eleventh hour came, they each received a denarius. 10Verse 10. When the first came, they supposed that they would receive more; and they likewise each received a denarius. 11Verse 11. When they received it, they murmured against the master of the household,
12Verse 12. saying, ‘These last have spent one hour, and you have made them equal to us, who have borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat!’ 13Verse 13. “But he answered one of them, ‘Friend, I am doing you no wrong. Didn’t you agree with me for a denarius? 14Verse 14. Take that which is yours, and go your way. It is my desire to give to this last just as much as to you. 15Verse 15. Isn’t it lawful for me to do what I want to with what I own? Or is your eye evil, because I am good?’ 16Verse 16. So the last will be first, and the first last. For many are called, but few are chosen.”
Jesus Predicts His Death Again Matthew 20:17–19
17Verse 17. As Jesus was going up to Jerusalem, he took the twelve disciples aside, and on the way he said to them, 18Verse 18. “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, and they will condemn him to death, 19Verse 19. and will hand him over to the Gentiles to mock, to scourge, and to crucify; and the third day he will be raised up.”
The Request of James and John Matthew 20:20–23
20Verse 20. Then the mother of the sons of Zebedee came to him with her sons, kneeling and asking a certain thing of him.21Verse 21. He said to her,“What do you want?”She said to him, “Command that these, my two sons, may sit, one on your right hand, and one on your left hand, in your Kingdom.”22Verse 22. But Jesus answered,“You don’t know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I am about to drink, and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?”They said to him, “We are able.”23Verse 23. He said to them,“You will indeed drink my cup, and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with, but to sit on my right hand and on my left hand is not mine to give; but it is for whom it has been prepared by my Father.”
Teaching on Servanthood Matthew 20:24–28
24Verse 24. When the ten heard it, they were indignant with the two brothers. 25Verse 25. But Jesus summoned them, and said, “You know that the rulers of the nations lord it over them, and their great ones exercise authority over them. 26Verse 26. It shall not be so among you, but whoever desires to become great among you shall be your servant. 27Verse 27. Whoever desires to be first among you shall be your bondservant, 28Verse 28. even as the Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”
Healing Two Blind Men Matthew 20:29–34
29Verse 29. As they went out from Jericho, a great multitude followed him. 30Verse 30. Behold, two blind men sitting by the road, when they heard that Jesus was passing by, cried out, “Lord, have mercy on us, you son of David!” 31Verse 31. The multitude rebuked them, telling them that they should be quiet, but they cried out even more, “Lord, have mercy on us, you son of David!” 32Verse 32. Jesus stood still, and called them, and asked, “What do you want me to do for you?” 33Verse 33. They told him, “Lord, that our eyes may be opened.” 34Verse 34. Jesus, being moved with compassion, touched their eyes; and immediately their eyes received their sight, and they followed him.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Matthew 20
Grace
In this chapter, grace is evident in the Parable of the Workers. In verses 8-16, the master pays all laborers the same wage, regardless of their hours worked. This act surprises the first workers, who feel entitled to more. The master’s response, ‘Isn’t it lawful for me to do what I want to with what I own?’ emphasizes the generosity that surpasses human expectations.
Explore grace in the Bible →Servanthood
Servanthood is a key teaching in this chapter, particularly in verses 25-28. Jesus addresses the disciples' desire for greatness, stating that in His Kingdom, ‘whoever desires to become great among you shall be your servant.’ This instruction contrasts worldly authority, illustrating that true leadership is marked by humility and service, as He models through His mission.
Sacrifice
Jesus predicts His upcoming sacrifice in verses 18-19 when He tells the disciples, ‘the Son of Man will be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, and they will condemn him to death.’ This foreshadowing of His crucifixion and resurrection signals the weight of His mission, as He prepares the disciples for the trials ahead and the ultimate cost of salvation.
Compassion
In verses 30-34, Jesus encounters two blind men as they cry out for mercy, despite the crowd's attempts to silence them. He hears their plea and stops to ask them what they want. Jesus then heals them, moved with compassion. This interaction highlights His deep empathy and willingness to respond to human suffering, as He actively restores their sight.
Chapter outline
How Matthew 20 unfolds
Matthew 20:1–16 The Parable of the Workers
A master hires laborers for his vineyard at different times throughout the day, agreeing to pay each a denarius, and at evening, he pays those who worked less the same amount as those who worked all day (vv. 1-12).
Matthew 20:17–19 Jesus Predicts His Death Again
Jesus tells his disciples that they are going up to Jerusalem, where he will be handed over, condemned to death, mocked, scourged, and crucified, then raised on the third day (vv. 17-19).
Matthew 20:20–23 The Request of James and John
The mother of the sons of Zebedee requests that her sons sit at Jesus' right and left in his Kingdom, and Jesus responds that they will endure suffering, but he cannot grant her request (vv. 20-23).
Matthew 20:24–28 Teaching on Servanthood
Jesus addresses the indignation of the ten disciples by explaining that greatness in his followers involves servanthood, as he himself came to serve and to give his life as a ransom (vv. 24-28).
Matthew 20:29–34 Healing Two Blind Men
Two blind men cry out to Jesus for mercy as he passes by, and despite being rebuked, they persist until Jesus calls them and, moved with compassion, restores their sight (vv. 29-34).
Key verses
Matthew 20:16Jesus speaks this to his disciples after a parable about wages, addressing their expectations by declaring that 'the last will be first'.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Matthew 20
- observeIn v3, why does the master go out to hire laborers at the 'third hour'?
- observeIn vv. 9-10, why do the first laborers expect to receive more than a 'denarius'?
- interpretJames and John's request in v21: what does it suggest about their understanding of true greatness?
- interpretIn v25-26, what is the tension between worldly authority and the teaching of servanthood?
- applyWhen have you felt overlooked like the laborers hired at the 'eleventh hour'?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Matthew 20
- Mark 10Matthew 20:28 and Mark 10:45Both serve: Matthew 20:28 says, "the Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve," while Mark 10:45 says the same.
- Isaiah 53Matthew 20:28 and Isaiah 53:5Both suffer: Matthew 20:28 states, "to give his life as a ransom for many," while Isaiah 53:5 says, "he was pierced for our transgressions."
- Luke 22Matthew 20:28 and Luke 22:27Both serve: Matthew 20:28 says, "the Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve," while Luke 22:27 states, "I am among you as one who serves."
- Philippians 2Matthew 20:28 and Philippians 2:7Both serve: Matthew 20:28 states, "the Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve," while Philippians 2:7 says, "taking the form of a servant."
- John 10Matthew 20:28 and John 10:10Both life: Matthew 20:28 states, "to give his life as a ransom for many," while John 10:10 says, "I came that they may have life."
- Matthew 26Matthew 20:28 and Matthew 26:28Both blood: Matthew 20:28 states, "to give his life as a ransom for many," while Matthew 26:28 mentions, "this is my blood of the new covenant."
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