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Jeremiah 23

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1“Woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture!” says Yahweh. 2Therefore Yahweh, the God of Israel, says against the shepherds who feed my people: “You have scattered my flock, driven them away, and have not visited them. Behold, I will visit on you the evil of your doings,” says Yahweh. 3“I will gather the remnant of my flock out of all the countries where I have driven them, and will bring them again to their folds; and they will be fruitful and multiply. 4I will set up shepherds over them, who will feed them. They will no longer be afraid or dismayed, neither will any be lacking,” says Yahweh. 5“Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will raise to David a righteous Branch, and he will reign as king and deal wisely, and will execute justice and righteousness in the land. 6In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely. This is his name by which he will be called: Yahweh our righteousness. 7“Therefore behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that they will no more say, ‘As Yahweh lives, who brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt;’ 8but, ‘As Yahweh lives, who brought up and who led the offspring of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all the countries where I had driven them.’ Then they will dwell in their own land.” 9Concerning the prophets: My heart within me is broken. All my bones shake. I am like a drunken man, and like a man whom wine has overcome, because of Yahweh, and because of his holy words. 10For the land is full of adulterers; for because of the curse the land mourns. The pastures of the wilderness have dried up. Their course is evil, and their might is not right; 11for both prophet and priest are profane. Yes, in my house I have found their wickedness,” says Yahweh. 12Therefore their way will be to them as slippery places in the darkness. They will be driven on, and fall therein; for I will bring evil on them, even the year of their visitation,” says Yahweh. 13“I have seen folly in the prophets of Samaria. They prophesied by Baal, and caused my people Israel to err. 14In the prophets of Jerusalem I have also seen a horrible thing: they commit adultery and walk in lies. They strengthen the hands of evildoers, so that no one returns from his wickedness. They have all become to me as Sodom, and its inhabitants as Gomorrah.” 15Therefore Yahweh of Armies says concerning the prophets: “Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink the water of gall; for from the prophets of Jerusalem ungodliness has gone out into all the land.” 16Yahweh of Armies says, “Don’t listen to the words of the prophets who prophesy to you. They teach you vanity. They speak a vision of their own heart, and not out of the mouth of Yahweh. 17They say continually to those who despise me, ‘Yahweh has said, “You will have peace;”’ and to everyone who walks in the stubbornness of his own heart they say, ‘No evil will come on you.’ 18For who has stood in the council of Yahweh, that he should perceive and hear his word? Who has listened to my word, and heard it? 19Behold, Yahweh’s storm, his wrath, has gone out. Yes, a whirling storm: It will burst on the head of the wicked. 20Yahweh’s anger will not return until he has executed, and until he has performed the intents of his heart. In the latter days, you will understand it perfectly. 21I didn’t send these prophets, yet they ran. I didn’t speak to them, yet they prophesied. 22But if they had stood in my council, then they would have caused my people to hear my words, and would have turned them from their evil way, and from the evil of their doings. 23“Am I a God at hand,” says Yahweh, “and not a God afar off? 24Can anyone hide himself in secret places so that I can’t see him?” says Yahweh. “Don’t I fill heaven and earth?” says Yahweh. 25“I have heard what the prophets have said, who prophesy lies in my name, saying, ‘I had a dream! I had a dream!’ 26How long will this be in the heart of the prophets who prophesy lies, even the prophets of the deceit of their own heart? 27They intend to cause my people to forget my name by their dreams which they each tell his neighbor, as their fathers forgot my name because of Baal. 28The prophet who has a dream, let him tell a dream; and he who has my word, let him speak my word faithfully. What is the straw to the wheat?” says Yahweh. 29“Isn’t my word like fire?” says Yahweh; “and like a hammer that breaks the rock in pieces? 30“Therefore behold, I am against the prophets,” says Yahweh, “who each steal my words from his neighbor. 31Behold, I am against the prophets,” says Yahweh, “who use their tongues, and say, ‘He says.’ 32Behold, I am against those who prophesy lying dreams,” says Yahweh, “who tell them, and cause my people to err by their lies, and by their vain boasting; yet I didn’t send them or command them. They don’t profit this people at all,” says Yahweh. 33“When this people, or the prophet, or a priest, asks you, saying, ‘What is the message from Yahweh?’ Then you shall tell them, ‘“What message? I will cast you off,” says Yahweh.’ 34As for the prophet, the priest, and the people, who say, ‘The message from Yahweh,’ I will even punish that man and his household. 35You will say everyone to his neighbor, and everyone to his brother, ‘What has Yahweh answered?’ and, ‘What has Yahweh said?’ 36You will mention the message from Yahweh no more: for every man’s own word has become his message; for you have perverted the words of the living God, of Yahweh of Armies, our God. 37You will say to the prophet, ‘What has Yahweh answered you?’ and, ‘What has Yahweh spoken?’ 38Although you say, ‘The message from Yahweh;’ therefore Yahweh says: ‘Because you say this word, “The message from Yahweh,” and I have sent to you, telling you not to say, “The message from Yahweh;” 39therefore, behold, I will utterly forget you, and I will cast you off, and the city that I gave to you and to your fathers, away from my presence. 40I will bring an everlasting reproach on you, and a perpetual shame, which will not be forgotten.’”

World English Bible (public domain)

"Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, and he shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land."

Jeremiah 23:5

Summary

In Jeremiah 23, the prophet delivers a stern warning against the leaders, or shepherds, of Israel who have failed their people. The chapter begins with a pronouncement of woe upon these leaders for scattering God’s flock instead of caring for them. God promises to bring back His people from exile, gather them like a shepherd, and raise up new leaders who will care for them with integrity. A significant portion of the chapter highlights the promise of a coming righteous Branch from David’s line, who will reign wisely and execute justice, bringing hope and restoration. Jeremiah also confronts false prophets who speak lies and lead the people astray, contrasting their deceptive messages with the true word of the Lord that brings life and guidance. The chapter closes with an admonition against the misuse of prophetic words and emphasizes the seriousness of speaking in God’s name. This passage underscores the themes of leadership accountability, messianic hope, the danger of false teachings, and the sovereignty of God’s true word. It assures readers that despite the failings of human leaders, God’s ultimate plan for righteous rule and justice will prevail.

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Chapter outline

How Jeremiah 23 unfolds

  1. Jeremiah 23:1–2 Condemnation of the Shepherds

    God pronounces woe upon the shepherds, or leaders, who have destroyed and scattered His flock instead of caring for them.

  2. Jeremiah 23:3–4 Promise of Restoration

    God promises to gather His scattered people and appoint new shepherds who will provide care and security for the flock.

  3. Jeremiah 23:5–8 The Righteous Branch

    A future king from David's line is prophesied, who will govern with justice and righteousness, leading Judah and Israel to safety.

  4. Jeremiah 23:9–14 Grief over False Prophets

    Jeremiah expresses deep sorrow over the wickedness of the prophets and priests, who lead the people into immorality and lies.

  5. Jeremiah 23:15–22 Judgment on False Prophets

    God declares judgment on deceitful prophets who mislead the people, contrasting their false visions with the truth of His word.

  6. Jeremiah 23:23–32 The Nature of God’s Presence

    God emphasizes His omnipresence and warns against the false prophecies that arise from human deceit rather than divine revelation.

  7. Jeremiah 23:33–40 Consequences of Misuse of Prophecy

    God declares that those who misrepresent His word will face severe consequences, emphasizing the importance of fidelity in prophecy.

Key verses

  • Jeremiah 23:5Jeremiah 23:5 carries the chapter's weight as it encapsulates God's promise of a righteous leader, offering hope amid current failures.

Main themes in Jeremiah 23

Leadership accountability

Leadership accountability is evident in God's condemnation of the shepherds in verses 1 and 2, where He expresses His displeasure with leaders who have failed to guide His people. The chapter develops this theme by contrasting the current leaders' negligence with God's promise to raise new shepherds who will genuinely care for His flock. This reinforces the expectation that leaders must act with justice and faithfulness, reflecting God's character and intentions.

Messianic hope

The theme of Messianic hope is central in Jeremiah 23, particularly in verse 5, where God promises the emergence of a Righteous Branch. This figure is described as a future king who will restore justice and righteousness, highlighting the stark contrast with the failures of the present leadership. By presenting this promise, the chapter assures readers that God remains committed to fulfilling His covenant promises, offering hope amid current turmoil.

False prophets

The chapter addresses the widespread issue of false prophets, particularly in verses 13-15, emphasizing their misleading and deceptive messages. God's strong condemnation of these prophets serves to illustrate the grave danger of disregarding His true word, as their teachings lead the people away from righteousness and into error. This serves as a critical warning against spiritual deception, urging the community to be discerning and faithful to God's authentic revelation.

Sovereignty of God's word

The sovereignty of God's word is underscored in verses 28 and 29, where God's authentic message is compared to fire and a hammer, powerful and unyielding. This imagery establishes the supremacy of His word over human deception and falsehood, affirming that it will ultimately prevail despite opposition. The chapter illustrates the necessity of adhering to divine revelation, emphasizing that God's truth will endure and accomplish its intended purpose.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Jeremiah 23

Study questions

Questions for studying Jeremiah 23

  1. What actions of the shepherds led to God's condemnation in this chapter?
  2. How does God promise to restore His people according to verses 3 and 4?
  3. In what ways does the prophecy of the Righteous Branch offer hope?
  4. What specific sins do the prophets commit that provoke God's anger?
  5. How does God describe His own presence in verses 23 and 24?
  6. What are the consequences for those who misuse prophetic words as stated in the chapter?

Jeremiah 23: frequently asked questions

What is Jeremiah 23 about?+
In Jeremiah 23, the prophet delivers a stern warning against the leaders, or shepherds, of Israel who have failed their people. The chapter begins with a pronouncement of woe upon these leaders for scattering God’s flock instead of caring for them. God promises to bring back His people from exile, gather them like a shepherd, and raise up new leaders who will care for them with integrity. A significant portion of the chapter highlights the promise of a coming righteous Branch from David’s line, who will reign wisely and execute justice, bringing hope and restoration. Jeremiah also confronts false prophets who speak lies and lead the people astray, contrasting their deceptive messages with the true word of the Lord that brings life and guidance. The chapter closes with an admonition against the misuse of prophetic words and emphasizes the seriousness of speaking in God’s name. This passage underscores the themes of leadership accountability, messianic hope, the danger of false teachings, and the sovereignty of God’s true word. It assures readers that despite the failings of human leaders, God’s ultimate plan for righteous rule and justice will prevail.
What is the key verse in Jeremiah 23?+
Jeremiah 23:5: "“Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will raise to David a righteous Branch, and he will reign as king and deal wisely, and will execute justice and righteousness in the land."
What are the main themes of Jeremiah 23?+
The main themes of Jeremiah 23 are Leadership accountability, Messianic hope, False prophets, Sovereignty of God's word.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Jeremiah 23

Study Notes