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Jeremiah 20

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1Now Pashhur, the son of Immer the priest, who was chief officer in Yahweh’s house, heard Jeremiah prophesying these things. 2Then Pashhur struck Jeremiah the prophet, and put him in the stocks that were in the upper gate of Benjamin, which was in Yahweh’s house. 3On the next day, Pashhur released Jeremiah out of the stocks. Then Jeremiah said to him, “Yahweh has not called your name Pashhur, but Magormissabib. 4For Yahweh says, ‘Behold, I will make you a terror to yourself and to all your friends. They will fall by the sword of their enemies, and your eyes will see it. I will give all Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will carry them captive to Babylon, and will kill them with the sword. 5Moreover I will give all the riches of this city, and all its gains, and all its precious things, yes, I will give all the treasures of the kings of Judah into the hand of their enemies. They will make them captives, take them, and carry them to Babylon. 6You, Pashhur, and all who dwell in your house will go into captivity. You will come to Babylon, and there you will die, and there you will be buried, you, and all your friends, to whom you have prophesied falsely.’” 7Yahweh, you have persuaded me, and I was persuaded. You are stronger than I, and have prevailed. I have become a laughing-stock all day. Everyone mocks me. 8For as often as I speak, I cry out; I cry, “Violence and destruction!” because Yahweh’s word has been made a reproach to me, and a derision, all day. 9If I say, I will not make mention of him, or speak any more in his name, then there is in my heart as it were a burning fire shut up in my bones, and I am weary with holding it in, and I can’t. 10For I have heard the defaming of many, “Terror on every side! Denounce, and we will denounce him!” say all my familiar friends, those who watch for my fall. “Perhaps he will be persuaded, and we will prevail against him, and we will take our revenge on him.” 11But Yahweh is with me as an awesome mighty one. Therefore my persecutors will stumble, and they won’t prevail. They will be utterly disappointed, because they have not dealt wisely, even with an everlasting dishonor which will never be forgotten. 12But, Yahweh of Armies, who tests the righteous, who sees the heart and the mind, let me see your vengeance on them; for to you I have revealed my cause. 13Sing to Yahweh! Praise Yahweh, for he has delivered the soul of the needy from the hand of evildoers. 14Cursed is the day in which I was born. Don’t let the day in which my mother bore me be blessed. 15Cursed is the man who brought news to my father, saying, “A boy is born to you,” making him very glad. 16Let that man be as the cities which Yahweh overthrew, and didn’t repent. Let him hear a cry in the morning, and shouting at noontime; 17because he didn’t kill me from the womb. So my mother would have been my grave, and her womb always great. 18Why did I come out of the womb to see labor and sorrow, that my days should be consumed with shame?

World English Bible (public domain)

"But the Lord is with me as a dread warrior; therefore my persecutors will stumble; they will not overcome me. They will be greatly shamed, for they will not succeed. Their eternal dishonor will never be forgotten."

Jeremiah 20:11

Summary

In Jeremiah 20, the prophet Jeremiah is persecuted for his prophecies. Pashhur, the priest and chief officer in the house of the Lord, hears Jeremiah's prophecies and reacts by having him beaten and put in the stocks. The following day, Jeremiah is released and pronounces a message from the Lord, renaming Pashhur as 'Terror on every side,' and foretelling that he and his friends will go into captivity. In a raw moment of transparency, Jeremiah laments his birth and the anguish that his role as a prophet has brought him. He wrestles with feelings of compulsion to speak God's words, despite the ridicule and personal cost involved. Yet, amidst his struggles, Jeremiah finds a measure of hope, expressing faith in God's deliverance and eventual justice. The chapter concludes with Jeremiah's momentary despair as he contemplates the day of his birth, highlighting the inner turmoil prophets often faced.

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Chapter outline

How Jeremiah 20 unfolds

  1. Jeremiah 20:1–2 Pashhur's Reaction to Jeremiah

    Pashhur, the chief officer in the temple, hears Jeremiah's prophecies and reacts by striking him and placing him in stocks.

  2. Jeremiah 20:3–6 Jeremiah's Prophetic Renaming

    Upon release, Jeremiah renames Pashhur to 'Terror on every side,' declaring the impending doom of captivity for him and Judah.

  3. Jeremiah 20:7–10 Jeremiah's Struggle with Prophecy

    Jeremiah expresses his inner turmoil, feeling mocked for proclaiming God's message and facing threats from those close to him.

  4. Jeremiah 20:11–13 Divine Assurance Amid Persecution

    Despite his struggles, Jeremiah affirms that God is with him, granting him confidence against his persecutors and urging praise for divine deliverance.

  5. Jeremiah 20:14–18 Jeremiah's Lament and Despair

    The chapter concludes with Jeremiah lamenting his birth, expressing a deep sorrow over his prophetic calling and the suffering it brings.

Key verses

  • Jeremiah 20:11Jeremiah 20:11 encapsulates the struggle and resilience of the prophet, emphasizing God's sustaining presence amid persecution.

Main themes in Jeremiah 20

persecution

Persecution is evident in Jeremiah 20 when Pashhur strikes Jeremiah and places him in stocks (verses 1-2). Throughout the chapter, Jeremiah endures ridicule and threats from those he once considered allies, highlighting the painful reality of his prophetic role. This theme underscores the loneliness and anguish that often accompany a true calling, revealing how prophets can be marginalized by their own communities as they deliver divine messages.

faith

Jeremiah exhibits profound faith in God despite the persecution he faces, proclaiming that God is with him like a mighty warrior (verse 11). As he grapples with ridicule and despair, Jeremiah's faith becomes a source of strength, allowing him to hold onto hope for divine justice. This theme illustrates that genuine faith can persist even amidst overwhelming personal challenges, affirming the conviction that God supports His faithful servants.

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lament

The theme of lament is powerfully expressed in Jeremiah 20, particularly in verses 14-18, where he curses the day of his birth. His heartfelt sorrow and questioning reveal the immense burden that comes with being a prophet, struggling to convey hard truths. This lament deepens our understanding of Jeremiah's character, showcasing the emotional and psychological toll of his prophetic mission and the weight of his divine calling.

divine justice

Divine justice is a central theme in Jeremiah 20, as God reveals promises concerning Pashhur and the fate of Judah (verses 4-6). Jeremiah's declaration that his persecutors will ultimately face disappointment (verse 11) emphasizes God's active role in ensuring justice prevails. This theme serves as a reminder of God's unwavering commitment to uphold righteousness and protect those who faithfully serve Him, reinforcing the ultimate accountability of both leaders and nations.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Jeremiah 20

Study questions

Questions for studying Jeremiah 20

  1. Who is Pashhur, and how does he respond to Jeremiah's prophecies?
  2. What does Jeremiah mean by renaming Pashhur 'Terror on every side'?
  3. How does Jeremiah express his inner conflict about being a prophet?
  4. What assurance does Jeremiah find in verse 11 regarding his persecutors?
  5. In what way does Jeremiah's lament reflect his feelings about his prophetic role?
  6. How does the chapter illustrate the theme of God's justice?
  7. What role do friends and familiar relationships play in Jeremiah's struggles?

Jeremiah 20: frequently asked questions

What is Jeremiah 20 about?+
In Jeremiah 20, the prophet Jeremiah is persecuted for his prophecies. Pashhur, the priest and chief officer in the house of the Lord, hears Jeremiah's prophecies and reacts by having him beaten and put in the stocks. The following day, Jeremiah is released and pronounces a message from the Lord, renaming Pashhur as 'Terror on every side,' and foretelling that he and his friends will go into captivity. In a raw moment of transparency, Jeremiah laments his birth and the anguish that his role as a prophet has brought him. He wrestles with feelings of compulsion to speak God's words, despite the ridicule and personal cost involved. Yet, amidst his struggles, Jeremiah finds a measure of hope, expressing faith in God's deliverance and eventual justice. The chapter concludes with Jeremiah's momentary despair as he contemplates the day of his birth, highlighting the inner turmoil prophets often faced.
What is the key verse in Jeremiah 20?+
Jeremiah 20:11: "But Yahweh is with me as an awesome mighty one. Therefore my persecutors will stumble, and they won’t prevail. They will be utterly disappointed, because they have not dealt wisely, even with an everlasting dishonor which will never be forgotten."
What are the main themes of Jeremiah 20?+
The main themes of Jeremiah 20 are persecution, faith, lament, divine justice.

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Study Notes