Jeremiah 11
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1The word that came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, 2“Hear the words of this covenant, and speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem; 3and say to them, Yahweh, the God of Israel says: ‘Cursed is the man who doesn’t hear the words of this covenant, 4which I commanded your fathers in the day that I brought them out of the land of Egypt, out of the iron furnace,’ saying, ‘Obey my voice, and do them, according to all which I command you; so you shall be my people, and I will be your God; 5that I may establish the oath which I swore to your fathers, to give them a land flowing with milk and honey,’ as it is today.” Then answered I, and said, “Amen, Yahweh.” 6Yahweh said to me, “Proclaim all these words in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, saying, ‘Hear the words of this covenant, and do them. 7For I earnestly protested to your fathers in the day that I brought them up out of the land of Egypt, even to this day, rising early and protesting, saying, “Obey my voice.” 8Yet they didn’t obey, nor turn their ear, but everyone walked in the stubbornness of their evil heart. Therefore I brought on them all the words of this covenant, which I commanded them to do, but they didn’t do them.’” 9Yahweh said to me, “A conspiracy is found among the men of Judah, and among the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 10They have turned back to the iniquities of their forefathers, who refused to hear my words. They have gone after other gods to serve them. The house of Israel and the house of Judah have broken my covenant which I made with their fathers. 11Therefore Yahweh says, ‘Behold, I will bring evil on them, which they will not be able to escape; and they will cry to me, but I will not listen to them. 12Then the cities of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem will go and cry to the gods to which they offer incense, but they will not save them at all in the time of their trouble. 13For according to the number of your cities are your gods, Judah; and according to the number of the streets of Jerusalem have you set up altars to the shameful thing, even altars to burn incense to Baal.’ 14“Therefore don’t pray for this people. Don’t lift up cry or prayer for them; for I will not hear them in the time that they cry to me because of their trouble. 15What has my beloved to do in my house, since she has behaved lewdly with many, and the holy flesh has passed from you? When you do evil, then you rejoice.” 16Yahweh called your name, “A green olive tree, beautiful with goodly fruit.” With the noise of a great roar he has kindled fire on it, and its branches are broken. 17For Yahweh of Armies, who planted you, has pronounced evil against you, because of the evil of the house of Israel and of the house of Judah, which they have done to themselves in provoking me to anger by offering incense to Baal. 18Yahweh gave me knowledge of it, and I knew it. Then you showed me their doings. 19But I was like a gentle lamb that is led to the slaughter. I didn’t know that they had devised plans against me, saying, “Let us destroy the tree with its fruit, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.” 20But, Yahweh of Armies, who judges righteously, who tests the heart and the mind, I will see your vengeance on them; for to you I have revealed my cause. 21“Therefore Yahweh says concerning the men of Anathoth, who seek your life, saying, ‘You shall not prophesy in Yahweh’s name, that you not die by our hand;’ 22therefore Yahweh of Armies says, ‘Behold, I will punish them. The young men will die by the sword. Their sons and their daughters will die by famine. 23There will be no remnant to them, for I will bring evil on the men of Anathoth, even the year of their visitation.’”
World English Bible (public domain)
“"Yet they did not obey or incline their ear, but everyone walked in the stubbornness of his evil heart. Therefore I brought upon them all the words of this covenant, which I commanded them to do, but they did not."”
Jeremiah 11:8
Summary
In Jeremiah 11, God reminds the prophet Jeremiah of the covenant he established with the ancestors of Israel when he brought them out of Egypt. The Lord commands Jeremiah to call the people to obedience, warning them of the consequences of breaking the covenant. This chapter highlights the conditional nature of the covenant—blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience. Despite historical testimony of the Israelites' frequent disobedience, God offers them another chance to return to his ways. Jeremiah is burdened by the responsibility of delivering this challenging message of impending judgment due to the nation's persistent idolatry and rebellion. The chapter proceeds with God revealing a conspiracy among the people of Judah and Jerusalem, where they have turned away from the covenant to worship other gods. Jeremiah is instructed to proclaim that disaster will come upon them as a result. God's justice is evident as the people face the repercussions of their collective infidelity, and the importance of loyalty and exclusive worship is emphasized. The chapter also introduces the personal risk Jeremiah faces for his prophetic ministry, as the men of Anathoth conspire to kill him. Theologically, Jeremiah 11 underscores the significance of the covenant relationship between God and his people, highlighting both the human inclination to abandon God's commands and the call to repent and return. It presents a poignant reflection on the dichotomy of divine justice and mercy, presenting God as just in his retribution but also patient in offering opportunities for repentance. The narrative invites readers to contemplate their own faithfulness to God amidst cultural pressures to conform to secular, idolatrous practices.
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Chapter outline
How Jeremiah 11 unfolds
Jeremiah 11:1–5 Call to Obey the Covenant
God instructs Jeremiah to proclaim the covenant established with the ancestors, emphasizing obedience and the blessings associated with it.
Jeremiah 11:6–8 Warning of Consequences
Jeremiah is commanded to warn the people of their disobedience and the impending consequences for failing to uphold the covenant.
Jeremiah 11:9–11 Conspiracy and Idolatry
God reveals a conspiracy among the people who have turned to idolatry and broken the covenant, foretelling disaster.
Jeremiah 11:12–15 The Futility of False Worship
God declares that the people will cry to their false gods in trouble, but these gods will not save them.
Jeremiah 11:16–20 Jeremiah's Burden
Jeremiah expresses his anguish over the people's betrayal, comparing himself to a lamb led to slaughter, yet trusting in God's justice.
Jeremiah 11:21–23 Threats Against Jeremiah
God warns Jeremiah about the men of Anathoth who seek to harm him for his prophecies, assuring him of their coming judgment.
Key verses
Jeremiah 11:8Jeremiah 11:8 encapsulates the central conflict of the chapter, illustrating the people's stubbornness and the resulting divine judgment.
Main themes in Jeremiah 11
covenant faithfulness
The theme of covenant faithfulness appears prominently in verses 4-5, where God reminds His people of their commitment. This chapter complicates the theme by illustrating the people's repeated disobedience and rebellion against this covenant. It underscores the tension between divine expectations and human failure, highlighting the need for true loyalty to God.
divine justice
Divine justice is evident in verses 11-12, where God proclaims the consequences of the people's actions. The chapter develops this theme by showing that God's patience has limits and that judgment will come for those who refuse to repent. It reinforces the idea that God's justice is both inevitable and necessary in response to persistent sin.
idolatry
Idolatry is highlighted in verses 10-13, where the people turn to other gods and abandon their covenant with Yahweh. This chapter complicates the theme by demonstrating the depth of their infidelity and the futility of their false worship. It serves as a warning about the dangers of turning away from true worship and the consequences that follow.
prophetic ministry
The theme of prophetic ministry is woven throughout the chapter, particularly in verses 18-19, where Jeremiah expresses his anguish. The chapter illustrates the challenges prophets face in delivering difficult messages of judgment and the personal risk involved. It emphasizes the role of the prophet as a bearer of God's truth amid a resistant and disobedient people.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Jeremiah 11
- 1 Samuel 15This passage connects as both highlight the consequences of disobedience to God's commands.
- Jeremiah 7Jeremiah 7 echoes themes of false worship and calls for genuine repentance from the people.
- Jeremiah 17This chapter develops the idea of the consequences of turning away from God and the need for a faithful heart.
- Jeremiah 15Jeremiah 15 connects by showcasing the struggles of the prophet amid the people's resistance to God's word.
- Jeremiah 18This passage echoes the themes of judgment and the possibility of repentance if the people turn back to God.
- Jeremiah 12Jeremiah 12 develops the theme of the prophet questioning God amidst the injustice faced by the faithful.
Study questions
Questions for studying Jeremiah 11
- What specific covenant does God refer to in this chapter?
- How do the people respond to God's message through Jeremiah?
- What does the metaphor of a green olive tree represent?
- In what ways does the chapter illustrate the theme of idolatry?
- What consequences does God outline for disobedience in this chapter?
- How does Jeremiah's personal experience reflect the broader message of the chapter?
- What is the significance of God's command not to pray for the people?
Jeremiah 11: frequently asked questions
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