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Jeremiah 21

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1The word which came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, when king Zedekiah sent to him Pashhur the son of Malchijah, and Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah, the priest, saying, 2“Please inquire of Yahweh for us; for Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon makes war against us. Perhaps Yahweh will deal with us according to all his wondrous works, that he may withdraw from us.” 3Then Jeremiah said to them, “Tell Zedekiah: 4‘Yahweh, the God of Israel says, “Behold, I will turn back the weapons of war that are in your hands, with which you fight against the king of Babylon, and against the Chaldeans who besiege you outside the walls; and I will gather them into the middle of this city. 5I myself will fight against you with an outstretched hand and with a strong arm, even in anger, in wrath, and in great indignation. 6I will strike the inhabitants of this city, both man and animal. They will die of a great pestilence. 7Afterward,” says Yahweh, “I will deliver Zedekiah king of Judah, his servants, and the people, even those who are left in this city from the pestilence, from the sword, and from the famine, into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of those who seek their life. He will strike them with the edge of the sword. He will not spare them, have pity, or have mercy.”’ 8“You shall say to this people, ‘Yahweh says: “Behold, I set before you the way of life and the way of death. 9He who remains in this city will die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence; but he who goes out, and passes over to the Chaldeans who besiege you, he will live, and he will escape with his life. 10For I have set my face on this city for evil, and not for good,” says Yahweh. “It will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will burn it with fire.”’ 11“Concerning the house of the king of Judah, hear Yahweh’s word: 12House of David, Yahweh says, ‘Execute justice in the morning, and deliver him who is robbed out of the hand of the oppressor, lest my wrath go out like fire, and burn so that no one can quench it, because of the evil of your doings. 13Behold, I am against you, O inhabitant of the valley, and of the rock of the plain,’ says Yahweh. ‘You that say, “Who would come down against us?” or “Who would enter into our homes?” 14I will punish you according to the fruit of your doings, says Yahweh; and I will kindle a fire in her forest, and it will devour all that is around her.’”

World English Bible (public domain)

And to this people you shall say: ‘Thus says the Lord: Behold, I set before you the way of life and the way of death.’

Jeremiah 21:8

Summary

In Jeremiah chapter 21, King Zedekiah sends Pashhur and Zephaniah to inquire of the prophet Jeremiah in hopes of receiving a favorable word from the Lord concerning the threat posed by the Babylonian king, Nebuchadnezzar. Instead, Jeremiah conveys a message of impending judgment: God Himself will fight against Jerusalem with outstretched hand and mighty power, using the Babylonians as His instrument of wrath. As a result, the city will fall to the enemy. Jeremiah proclaims that those staying in the city will face sword, famine, and pestilence; only those who surrender to the Babylonians will live. This chapter underscores God's sovereignty and the inevitability of His judgment due to the people's persistent disobedience, reflecting the futility of defying His will.

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Chapter outline

How Jeremiah 21 unfolds

  1. Jeremiah 21:1–2 Zedekiah Seeks Jeremiah's Counsel

    King Zedekiah sends Pashhur and Zephaniah to inquire of Jeremiah about the Babylonian threat, hoping for a divine intervention.

  2. Jeremiah 21:3–7 God's Judgment Declared

    Jeremiah delivers God's message of judgment, stating that God Himself will fight against Jerusalem, leading to destruction.

  3. Jeremiah 21:8–10 Life or Death Presented

    Jeremiah contrasts the fate of those who stay in the city with those who surrender to Babylon, emphasizing the dire consequences.

  4. Jeremiah 21:11–14 Call for Justice and Warning

    Jeremiah addresses the house of David, urging justice and warning of impending punishment for disobedience.

Key verses

  • Jeremiah 21:8Jeremiah 21:8 encapsulates the pivotal decision facing the people, highlighting the stark choice between life and death.

Main themes in Jeremiah 21

Judgment

Judgment is a central theme in Jeremiah 21, particularly in verses 4-6 where God announces His intention to punish Jerusalem. The chapter develops this theme by detailing the destruction that will come upon the city and its inhabitants due to their disobedience. Within the larger movement, this judgment underscores the seriousness of ignoring God's warnings and the reality of divine retribution.

Divine Sovereignty

Divine sovereignty is highlighted in verses 4-5, where God asserts His control over the outcome of the conflict with Babylon. The chapter complicates this theme by showing that God's sovereignty encompasses both mercy and judgment, as He determines the fate of Jerusalem and its people. This emphasizes that God remains actively involved in human affairs, directing history according to His purposes.

Repentance

Repentance is implied in the call to surrender to Babylon in verse 9, as it presents a way for the people to escape judgment. The chapter challenges the notion of true repentance, as the people's refusal to heed God's warnings leads to their demise. It suggests that genuine repentance requires accepting God's authority and acting on His directives.

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Consequences of Disobedience

The consequences of disobedience are starkly depicted in verses 8-10, where God lays out the fate of those who remain in the city versus those who surrender. The chapter illustrates how disobedience leads to severe repercussions, including death and destruction, reinforcing the idea that turning away from God has dire outcomes. This serves as a sobering reminder of the importance of obedience to God's commands.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Jeremiah 21

Study questions

Questions for studying Jeremiah 21

  1. What message does Jeremiah convey to Zedekiah about the Babylonians?
  2. How does God describe His actions against Jerusalem in this chapter?
  3. What choices does God present to the people regarding their survival?
  4. In what way does Jeremiah address the house of David?
  5. What consequences does God announce for the inhabitants of Jerusalem?
  6. How do the themes of judgment and sovereignty appear in this prophecy?
  7. What does the chapter suggest about the futility of resisting God's will?

Jeremiah 21: frequently asked questions

What is Jeremiah 21 about?+
In Jeremiah chapter 21, King Zedekiah sends Pashhur and Zephaniah to inquire of the prophet Jeremiah in hopes of receiving a favorable word from the Lord concerning the threat posed by the Babylonian king, Nebuchadnezzar. Instead, Jeremiah conveys a message of impending judgment: God Himself will fight against Jerusalem with outstretched hand and mighty power, using the Babylonians as His instrument of wrath. As a result, the city will fall to the enemy. Jeremiah proclaims that those staying in the city will face sword, famine, and pestilence; only those who surrender to the Babylonians will live. This chapter underscores God's sovereignty and the inevitability of His judgment due to the people's persistent disobedience, reflecting the futility of defying His will.
What is the key verse in Jeremiah 21?+
Jeremiah 21:8: "“You shall say to this people, ‘Yahweh says: “Behold, I set before you the way of life and the way of death."
What are the main themes of Jeremiah 21?+
The main themes of Jeremiah 21 are Judgment, Divine Sovereignty, Repentance, Consequences of Disobedience.

Related chapters

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Study Notes