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Jeremiah 38

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1Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashhur, and Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashhur the son of Malchijah, heard the words that Jeremiah spoke to all the people, saying, 2“Yahweh says, ‘He who remains in this city will die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence; but he who goes out to the Chaldeans will live, and he will escape with his life, and he will live.’ 3Yahweh says, ‘This city will surely be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon, and he will take it.’” 4Then the princes said to the king, “Please let this man be put to death; because he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words to them: for this man doesn’t seek the welfare of this people, but harm.” 5Zedekiah the king said, “Behold, he is in your hand; for the king can’t do anything to oppose you.” 6Then took they Jeremiah and threw him into the dungeon of Malchijah the king’s son, that was in the court of the guard. They let down Jeremiah with cords. In the dungeon there was no water, but mire; and Jeremiah sank in the mire. 7Now when Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, a eunuch, who was in the king’s house, heard that they had put Jeremiah in the dungeon (the king was then sitting in Benjamin’s gate), 8Ebedmelech went out of the king’s house, and spoke to the king, saying, 9“My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet, whom they have cast into the dungeon. He is likely to die in the place where he is, because of the famine; for there is no more bread in the city.” 10Then the king commanded Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, saying, “Take from here thirty men with you, and take up Jeremiah the prophet out of the dungeon, before he dies.” 11So Ebedmelech took the men with him, and went into the house of the king under the treasury, and took from there rags and worn-out garments, and let them down by cords into the dungeon to Jeremiah. 12Ebedmelech the Ethiopian said to Jeremiah, “Now put these rags and worn-out garments under your armpits under the cords.” Jeremiah did so. 13So they drew up Jeremiah with the cords, and took him up out of the dungeon; and Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard. 14Then Zedekiah the king sent and took Jeremiah the prophet to himself into the third entry that is in Yahweh’s house. Then the king said to Jeremiah, “I will ask you something. Hide nothing from me.” 15Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “If I declare it to you, will you not surely put me to death? If I give you counsel, you will not listen to me.” 16So Zedekiah the king swore secretly to Jeremiah, saying, “As Yahweh lives, who made us this soul, I will not put you to death, neither will I give you into the hand of these men who seek your life.” 17Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “Yahweh, the God of Armies, the God of Israel, says: ‘If you will go out to the king of Babylon’s princes, then your soul will live, and this city will not be burned with fire. You will live, along with your house. 18But if you will not go out to the king of Babylon’s princes, then this city will be given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and they will burn it with fire, and you won’t escape out of their hand.’” 19Zedekiah the king said to Jeremiah, “I am afraid of the Jews who have defected to the Chaldeans, lest they deliver me into their hand, and they mock me.” 20But Jeremiah said, “They won’t deliver you. Obey, I beg you, Yahweh’s voice, in that which I speak to you; so it will be well with you, and your soul will live. 21But if you refuse to go out, this is the word that Yahweh has shown me: 22‘Behold, all the women who are left in the king of Judah’s house will be brought out to the king of Babylon’s princes, and those women will say, “Your familiar friends have turned on you, and have prevailed over you. Your feet are sunk in the mire, they have turned away from you.” 23They will bring out all your wives and your children to the Chaldeans. You won’t escape out of their hand, but will be taken by the hand of the king of Babylon. You will cause this city to be burned with fire.’” 24Then Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, “Let no man know of these words, and you won’t die. 25But if the princes hear that I have talked with you, and they come to you, and tell you, ‘Declare to us now what you have said to the king; don’t hide it from us, and we will not put you to death; also tell us what the king said to you;’ 26then you shall tell them, ‘I presented my supplication before the king, that he would not cause me to return to Jonathan’s house, to die there.’” 27Then all the princes came to Jeremiah, and asked him; and he told them according to all these words that the king had commanded. So they stopped speaking with him; for the matter was not perceived. 28So Jeremiah stayed in the court of the guard until the day that Jerusalem was taken.

World English Bible (public domain)

"Then King Zedekiah swore secretly to Jeremiah, 'As the Lord lives, who made our souls, I will not put you to death or deliver you into the hand of these men who seek your life.'"

Jeremiah 38:16

Summary

In Jeremiah 38, Jeremiah's prophetic ministry comes under severe threat as he faces persecution from the officials of Jerusalem. They seize him and throw him into a cistern because he continues to proclaim God's message that the city will fall to the Babylonians. Left to die in the mud, Jeremiah's plight is highlighted by Ebed-melech, the Ethiopian, who petitions King Zedekiah for his release. Acting mercifully, Zedekiah orders his rescue, and Jeremiah is pulled out of the cistern. The chapter concludes with a private conversation between Zedekiah and Jeremiah, where Jeremiah conveys God's command that surrender will lead to life and safety, but resistance will ensure ruin. Key themes include the cost of faithfully delivering God's message, the role of courage in advocacy, the interplay between fear and faith, and the considerations of divine sovereignty in political turmoil.

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Chapter outline

How Jeremiah 38 unfolds

  1. Jeremiah 38:1–4 Jeremiah's Prophecy and Opposition

    Jeremiah proclaims that staying in Jerusalem will lead to death, while surrender to Babylon means life. This prophecy angers the princes who accuse Jeremiah of demoralizing the people.

  2. Jeremiah 38:5–6 Jeremiah Imprisoned

    King Zedekiah permits the princes to do as they wish, leading to Jeremiah's imprisonment in a muddy cistern, isolating him further from the city.

  3. Jeremiah 38:7–13 Ebed-melech Advocates for Jeremiah

    Ebed-melech, an Ethiopian eunuch, learns of Jeremiah's plight and bravely appeals to the king for his life, resulting in Jeremiah's rescue.

  4. Jeremiah 38:14–20 Jeremiah's Warning to Zedekiah

    Zedekiah secretly consults Jeremiah, who warns him that surrendering to Babylon is the only path to survival and the city's preservation.

  5. Jeremiah 38:21–23 Consequences of Refusal

    Jeremiah outlines the dire consequences if Zedekiah refuses to surrender, including the humiliation of his family and the city's destruction.

  6. Jeremiah 38:24–27 Zedekiah's Caution

    Zedekiah instructs Jeremiah to keep their conversation secret to avoid backlash from the princes. Jeremiah is discreet in his responses.

  7. Jeremiah 38:28 Jeremiah's Continued Imprisonment

    Jeremiah remains in the court of the guard until the fall of Jerusalem, emphasizing his ongoing role as a prophet amid impending disaster.

Key verses

  • Jeremiah 38:16This verse highlights Zedekiah's commitment to spare Jeremiah, illustrating the tension between prophetic truth and political power.

Main themes in Jeremiah 38

Persecution for faithfulness

In Jeremiah 38, the theme of persecution for faithfulness is evident as Jeremiah faces opposition from the officials who believe his prophecies are undermining morale, particularly in verses 1-4. His subsequent imprisonment serves as a poignant illustration of the sacrifices that come with remaining true to God's message in a hostile political environment. This theme reflects the ongoing struggle between God's truth and the human desire for security, highlighting the challenges that faithful individuals encounter.

Courage and advocacy

The theme of courage and advocacy is powerfully demonstrated through Ebed-melech's intervention in verses 7-13, where he boldly steps forward to rescue Jeremiah from his dire situation. By risking his own position and safety, Ebed-melech exemplifies the vital role of individuals who advocate for those who are marginalized or oppressed. This theme underscores the necessity of standing up for truth and justice, particularly when it is inconvenient or unpopular, and illustrates the impact one person's courage can have in the face of adversity.

Divine sovereignty versus human fear

Zedekiah's fear of the defectors in verse 19 reveals the human tendency to succumb to fear over trust in God's sovereignty. Despite Jeremiah's reassurance, Zedekiah's reluctance showcases the struggle between faith and fear in crisis. This tension permeates the chapter as it examines the consequences of human decisions in light of divine will.

Consequences of obedience and disobedience

Jeremiah outlines the severe consequences of disobedience to God in verses 21-23, warning Zedekiah of destruction if he resists surrendering. The chapter illustrates that obedience brings life, while disobedience leads to ruin, urging readers to consider their responses to divine guidance. The stark outcomes reinforce the seriousness of heeding God's word.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Jeremiah 38

Study questions

Questions for studying Jeremiah 38

  1. What do the princes accuse Jeremiah of in verse 4?
  2. How does Ebed-melech demonstrate courage in this chapter?
  3. What specific warning does Jeremiah give to Zedekiah in verse 17?
  4. What reasons does Zedekiah give for his fear of defectors in verse 19?
  5. How does Jeremiah's situation in the cistern symbolize his prophetic mission?
  6. What does Zedekiah's secretive behavior reveal about his leadership?
  7. What are the consequences Jeremiah predicts for Zedekiah's disobedience?

Jeremiah 38: frequently asked questions

What is Jeremiah 38 about?+
In Jeremiah 38, Jeremiah's prophetic ministry comes under severe threat as he faces persecution from the officials of Jerusalem. They seize him and throw him into a cistern because he continues to proclaim God's message that the city will fall to the Babylonians. Left to die in the mud, Jeremiah's plight is highlighted by Ebed-melech, the Ethiopian, who petitions King Zedekiah for his release. Acting mercifully, Zedekiah orders his rescue, and Jeremiah is pulled out of the cistern. The chapter concludes with a private conversation between Zedekiah and Jeremiah, where Jeremiah conveys God's command that surrender will lead to life and safety, but resistance will ensure ruin. Key themes include the cost of faithfully delivering God's message, the role of courage in advocacy, the interplay between fear and faith, and the considerations of divine sovereignty in political turmoil.
What is the key verse in Jeremiah 38?+
Jeremiah 38:16: "So Zedekiah the king swore secretly to Jeremiah, saying, “As Yahweh lives, who made us this soul, I will not put you to death, neither will I give you into the hand of these men who seek your life.”"
What are the main themes of Jeremiah 38?+
The main themes of Jeremiah 38 are Persecution for faithfulness, Courage and advocacy, Divine sovereignty versus human fear, Consequences of obedience and disobedience.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Jeremiah 38

Study Notes