ScriptureDepth's study of Jeremiah 38
“So Zedekiah the king swore secretly to Jeremiah, saying, “As Yahweh lives, who made us this soul, I will not put you to death, neither will I give you into the hand of these men who seek your life.”
Jeremiah 38:16
Zedekiah swears secretly to Jeremiah that he will not put him to death, which protects Jeremiah from the death threat posed by the princes.
What Jeremiah 38 is about
Leaders hear Jeremiah's prophecy that those who stay in the city will die, while those who surrender to the Chaldeans will live (vv. 1-3). They tell King Zedekiah that Jeremiah weakens the resolve of the people, asking for his death (vv. 4-5). The king permits Jeremiah's imprisonment in a muddy dungeon (vv. 5-6). Ebed-melech, an Ethiopian eunuch, learns of Jeremiah's plight and advocates for him, convincing the king to rescue him (vv. 7-10). Ebed-melech uses rags to help lift Jeremiah from the mire (vv. 11-13). Zedekiah then privately consults Jeremiah, who warns that if the king does not surrender, the city will be destroyed and he will not escape (vv. 14-18). Zedekiah expresses fear of defectors, but Jeremiah reassures him (vv. 19-20). The king instructs Jeremiah to mislead the princes if they inquire about their conversation (vv. 24-26). Jeremiah remains imprisoned until Jerusalem's fall (v. 28).
Jeremiah's imprisonment continues while the fate of Jerusalem and its king remains uncertain.
Jeremiah 38 at a glance
- Jeremiah 38:1–4Jeremiah's Prophecy and Opposition
- Jeremiah 38:5–6Jeremiah Imprisoned
- Jeremiah 38:7–13Ebed-melech Advocates for Jeremiah
- Jeremiah 38:14–20Jeremiah's Warning to Zedekiah
- Jeremiah 38:21–23Consequences of Refusal
- Jeremiah 38:24–27Zedekiah's Caution
- Jeremiah 38:28Jeremiah's Continued Imprisonment
Key verse: Jeremiah 38:16
One thing to notice
The chapter features a shift in power dynamics as Ebedmelech the Ethiopian intervenes on Jeremiah's behalf in vv. 7-13. Unlike the princes, who advocate for Jeremiah's death, Ebedmelech appeals to the king's sense of justice and mercy. His actions stand in contrast to the hostility shown by the leaders toward Jeremiah.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Jeremiah 38 (WEB)
Jeremiah's Prophecy and Opposition Jeremiah 38:1–4
1Verse 1. Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashhur, and Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashhur the son of Malchijah, heard the words that Jeremiah spoke to all the people, saying, 2Verse 2. “Yahweh says, ‘He who remains in this city will die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence; but he who goes out to the Chaldeans will live, and he will escape with his life, and he will live.’ 3Verse 3. Yahweh says, ‘This city will surely be given into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon, and he will take it.’” 4Verse 4. Then the princes said to the king, “Please let this man be put to death; because he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words to them: for this man doesn’t seek the welfare of this people, but harm.”
Jeremiah Imprisoned Jeremiah 38:5–6
5Verse 5. Zedekiah the king said, “Behold, he is in your hand; for the king can’t do anything to oppose you.” 6Verse 6. Then took they Jeremiah and threw him into the dungeon of Malchijah the king’s son, that was in the court of the guard. They let down Jeremiah with cords. In the dungeon there was no water, but mire; and Jeremiah sank in the mire.
Ebed-melech Advocates for Jeremiah Jeremiah 38:7–13
7Verse 7. Now when Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, a eunuch, who was in the king’s house, heard that they had put Jeremiah in the dungeon (the king was then sitting in Benjamin’s gate), 8Verse 8. Ebedmelech went out of the king’s house, and spoke to the king, saying, 9Verse 9. “My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet, whom they have cast into the dungeon. He is likely to die in the place where he is, because of the famine; for there is no more bread in the city.” 10Verse 10. Then the king commanded Ebedmelech the Ethiopian, saying, “Take from here thirty men with you, and take up Jeremiah the prophet out of the dungeon, before he dies.”
11Verse 11. So Ebedmelech took the men with him, and went into the house of the king under the treasury, and took from there rags and worn-out garments, and let them down by cords into the dungeon to Jeremiah. 12Verse 12. Ebedmelech the Ethiopian said to Jeremiah, “Now put these rags and worn-out garments under your armpits under the cords.” Jeremiah did so. 13Verse 13. So they drew up Jeremiah with the cords, and took him up out of the dungeon; and Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard.
Jeremiah's Warning to Zedekiah Jeremiah 38:14–20
14Verse 14. Then Zedekiah the king sent and took Jeremiah the prophet to himself into the third entry that is in Yahweh’s house. Then the king said to Jeremiah, “I will ask you something. Hide nothing from me.” 15Verse 15. Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “If I declare it to you, will you not surely put me to death? If I give you counsel, you will not listen to me.” 16Verse 16. So Zedekiah the king swore secretly to Jeremiah, saying, “As Yahweh lives, who made us this soul, I will not put you to death, neither will I give you into the hand of these men who seek your life.”
17Verse 17. Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “Yahweh, the God of Armies, the God of Israel, says: ‘If you will go out to the king of Babylon’s princes, then your soul will live, and this city will not be burned with fire. You will live, along with your house. 18Verse 18. But if you will not go out to the king of Babylon’s princes, then this city will be given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and they will burn it with fire, and you won’t escape out of their hand.’” 19Verse 19. Zedekiah the king said to Jeremiah, “I am afraid of the Jews who have defected to the Chaldeans, lest they deliver me into their hand, and they mock me.”
20Verse 20. But Jeremiah said, “They won’t deliver you. Obey, I beg you, Yahweh’s voice, in that which I speak to you; so it will be well with you, and your soul will live.
Consequences of Refusal Jeremiah 38:21–23
21Verse 21. But if you refuse to go out, this is the word that Yahweh has shown me: 22Verse 22. ‘Behold, all the women who are left in the king of Judah’s house will be brought out to the king of Babylon’s princes, and those women will say, “Your familiar friends have turned on you, and have prevailed over you. Your feet are sunk in the mire, they have turned away from you.” 23Verse 23. They will bring out all your wives and your children to the Chaldeans. You won’t escape out of their hand, but will be taken by the hand of the king of Babylon. You will cause this city to be burned with fire.’”
Zedekiah's Caution Jeremiah 38:24–27
24Verse 24. Then Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, “Let no man know of these words, and you won’t die. 25Verse 25. But if the princes hear that I have talked with you, and they come to you, and tell you, ‘Declare to us now what you have said to the king; don’t hide it from us, and we will not put you to death; also tell us what the king said to you;’ 26Verse 26. then you shall tell them, ‘I presented my supplication before the king, that he would not cause me to return to Jonathan’s house, to die there.’” 27Verse 27. Then all the princes came to Jeremiah, and asked him; and he told them according to all these words that the king had commanded. So they stopped speaking with him; for the matter was not perceived.
Jeremiah's Continued Imprisonment Jeremiah 38:28
28Verse 28. So Jeremiah stayed in the court of the guard until the day that Jerusalem was taken.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Jeremiah 38
Persecution for faithfulness
In vv. 1-6, Jeremiah faces opposition from the princes who want him dead for discouraging the people with his prophecy. They argue that he 'weakens the hands of the men of war' and does not seek their welfare. This leads to Jeremiah being thrown into a dungeon, showing the harsh consequences of speaking truth in a time of crisis.
Courage and advocacy
Ebed-melech the Ethiopian exhibits courage in v. 7 by advocating for Jeremiah's release from the dungeon. He approaches the king, stating that 'these men have done evil' to Jeremiah and emphasizes the urgency of saving him from dying in the mire. His actions demonstrate a commitment to justice and compassion amidst prevailing fear.
Divine sovereignty versus human fear
Zedekiah's fear is evident in vv. 19-20 when he expresses concern about the Jews who defected to the Chaldeans, fearing their mockery. Jeremiah reassures him in v. 20 that they will not deliver him if he obeys Yahweh's voice. This interaction highlights the struggle between trusting divine sovereignty and succumbing to human fears.
Consequences of obedience and disobedience
In vv. 21-23, Jeremiah warns Zedekiah that refusing to obey Yahweh will lead to dire consequences, including the burning of the city and his capture. The prophecy outlines the repercussions of disobedience, contrasting with the promise of life if Zedekiah chooses to surrender. This sets the stage for understanding the gravity of decisions made under pressure.
Chapter outline
How Jeremiah 38 unfolds
Jeremiah 38:1–4 Jeremiah's Prophecy and Opposition
Jeremiah speaks God’s message to the people, warning that those who stay will die, while those who surrender will live (vv. 1-3). The princes argue for Jeremiah’s death, claiming he harms morale (v. 4).
Jeremiah 38:5–6 Jeremiah Imprisoned
King Zedekiah allows the princes to act against Jeremiah, resulting in Jeremiah's imprisonment in a dungeon where he sinks into mire (vv. 5-6).
Jeremiah 38:7–13 Ebed-melech Advocates for Jeremiah
Ebed-melech, an Ethiopian eunuch, hears of Jeremiah's situation and pleads with King Zedekiah to rescue him, arguing that Jeremiah's life is in danger due to the famine (vv. 7-9).
Jeremiah 38:14–20 Jeremiah's Warning to Zedekiah
Zedekiah secretly seeks wisdom from Jeremiah, who warns him that surrendering to Babylon is the only way to save his life and the city (vv. 14-17).
Jeremiah 38:21–23 Consequences of Refusal
Jeremiah warns Zedekiah that refusal to surrender will lead to devastating loss, including the capture of his family by Babylon (vv. 21-23).
Jeremiah 38:24–27 Zedekiah's Caution
Zedekiah instructs Jeremiah to keep their conversation secret to avoid trouble, fearing the reaction of the princes who oppose him (vv. 24-26).
Jeremiah 38:28 Jeremiah's Continued Imprisonment
Jeremiah remains in the court of the guard, continuing his imprisonment until Jerusalem is ultimately captured (v. 28).
Key verses
Jeremiah 38:16Zedekiah swears secretly to Jeremiah that he will not put him to death, which protects Jeremiah from the death threat posed by the princes.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Jeremiah 38
- observeIn v6, what happens to Jeremiah when he is thrown into the dungeon?
- observeWhat does Zedekiah promise Jeremiah in v16 regarding his fate?
- interpretIn vv. 17-18, how does Jeremiah’s message about surrender contrast with Zedekiah’s fears?
- interpretZedekiah's fear of the Jews in v19: how does this affect his response to Jeremiah?
- applyWhen have you felt pressure to remain silent like Jeremiah did in v24?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Jeremiah 38
- Jeremiah 37Jeremiah 38:16 and Jeremiah 37:17Both confirm survival: Jeremiah 38:16 says Zedekiah will not put you to death, while Jeremiah 37:17 says you will be delivered.
- Jeremiah 39Jeremiah 38:2 and Jeremiah 39:18Both promise escape: Jeremiah 38:2 states he who goes out to the Chaldeans will live, while Jeremiah 39:18 confirms you will escape with your life.
- Jeremiah 21Jeremiah 38:2 and Jeremiah 21:9Both warn of death: Jeremiah 38:2 states he who remains will die by the sword, while Jeremiah 21:9 reiterates the same message.
- Jeremiah 27Jeremiah 38:17 and Jeremiah 27:12Both urge submission: Jeremiah 38:17 advises going out to live, while Jeremiah 27:12 emphasizes bringing your necks under the yoke.
- Jeremiah 26Jeremiah 38:4 and Jeremiah 26:11Both call for Jeremiah's death: Jeremiah 38:4 states he weakens the hands, while Jeremiah 26:11 declares he is worthy of death.
- Jeremiah 34Jeremiah 38:2 and Jeremiah 34:17Both announce famine consequences: Jeremiah 38:2 states he who remains will die by the famine, while Jeremiah 34:17 proclaims a similar fate.
Related chapters
Chapters that connect with Jeremiah 38
Elsewhere on ScriptureDepth
Where to go from here
- Jeremiah: the whole bookJeremiah ministered longer through darker days than any other prophet: called as a young man around 627 BC in…
- Full Year Chronological Bible, day 245Day 245 of 365: Jeremiah 38–40.
- RepentanceWhat the Bible says about repentance, with verses.
- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
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