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Job 39

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1“Do you know the time when the mountain goats give birth? Do you watch when the doe bears fawns? 2Can you count the months that they fulfill? Or do you know the time when they give birth? 3They bow themselves, they bear their young. They end their labor pains. 4Their young ones become strong. They grow up in the open field. They go out, and don’t return again. 5“Who has set the wild donkey free? Or who has loosened the bonds of the swift donkey, 6Whose home I have made the wilderness, and the salt land his dwelling place? 7He scorns the tumult of the city, neither does he hear the shouting of the driver. 8The range of the mountains is his pasture, He searches after every green thing. 9“Will the wild ox be content to serve you? Or will he stay by your feeding trough? 10Can you hold the wild ox in the furrow with his harness? Or will he till the valleys after you? 11Will you trust him, because his strength is great? Or will you leave to him your labor? 12Will you confide in him, that he will bring home your seed, and gather the grain of your threshing floor? 13“The wings of the ostrich wave proudly; but are they the feathers and plumage of love? 14For she leaves her eggs on the earth, warms them in the dust, 15and forgets that the foot may crush them, or that the wild animal may trample them. 16She deals harshly with her young ones, as if they were not hers. Though her labor is in vain, she is without fear, 17because God has deprived her of wisdom, neither has he imparted to her understanding. 18When she lifts up herself on high, she scorns the horse and his rider. 19“Have you given the horse might? Have you clothed his neck with a quivering mane? 20Have you made him to leap as a locust? The glory of his snorting is awesome. 21He paws in the valley, and rejoices in his strength. He goes out to meet the armed men. 22He mocks at fear, and is not dismayed, neither does he turn back from the sword. 23The quiver rattles against him, the flashing spear and the javelin. 24He eats up the ground with fierceness and rage, neither does he stand still at the sound of the trumpet. 25As often as the trumpet sounds he snorts, ‘Aha!’ He smells the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting. 26“Is it by your wisdom that the hawk soars, and stretches her wings toward the south? 27Is it at your command that the eagle mounts up, and makes his nest on high? 28On the cliff he dwells, and makes his home, on the point of the cliff, and the stronghold. 29From there he spies out the prey. His eyes see it afar off. 30His young ones also suck up blood. Where the slain are, there he is.”

World English Bible (public domain)

"But do you give the horse his might? Do you clothe his neck with a mane?"

Job 39:19

Summary

In Job chapter 39, God continues speaking to Job, highlighting His sovereign control and wisdom through the examples of various animals. God describes the habits and characteristics of creatures such as mountain goats, wild donkeys, and the powerful ostrich, each illustrating unique aspects of divine provision and natural order. As the chapter unfolds, God underscores His mastery in the independent life of the wild ox and the extraordinary instincts of the horse. These examples illustrate nature's diversity and God's unmatched understanding in creating and sustaining life. The chapter serves as a reminder of human limitations in understanding God's creation fully. By presenting Job with questions about the natural world, God points out the complexity and mystery imbued in even the daily existence of animals. Such depth in creation's design emphasizes God's infinite wisdom and power, intending to humble Job and reaffirm trust in the divine plan. Theological themes in this chapter include the sovereignty of God, the wonder of creation, human limitations in understanding divine wisdom, and trust in God's plan despite incomprehension. Through this dialogue, God invites Job to recognize his position in the broader context of divine creation, encouraging humility and awe.

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Chapter outline

How Job 39 unfolds

  1. Job 39:1–4 The Birth of Mountain Goats

    God asks Job if he knows when mountain goats give birth, highlighting the mystery of creation and the natural order.

  2. Job 39:5–8 The Wild Donkey's Freedom

    God describes the wild donkey's independence and habitat, illustrating His sovereignty over creation and the animals' natural instincts.

  3. Job 39:9–12 The Wild Ox's Strength

    God questions whether Job can tame the wild ox, emphasizing the animal's power and autonomy, which reflects God's wisdom in creation.

  4. Job 39:13–17 The Ostrich's Carelessness

    Through the ostrich, God shows the limitations of wisdom in creation, as it neglects its eggs despite its strength.

  5. Job 39:18–25 The Horse's Might in Battle

    God depicts the horse as a creature of strength and fearlessness, illustrating the power and instinct endowed by the Creator.

  6. Job 39:26–30 The Hawk and Eagle's Intuition

    The chapter concludes with God showcasing the hawk and eagle's hunting skills, reinforcing the theme of divine wisdom in the animal kingdom.

Key verses

  • Job 39:19Job 39:19 encapsulates the chapter's inquiry into divine creation, highlighting human limitations in understanding God's design.

Main themes in Job 39

Divine Sovereignty

The theme of divine sovereignty surfaces in verses 5-8, where God speaks of the wild donkey's freedom and independence. Through this imagery, God illustrates His authority over all of creation, highlighting that even the most untamed creatures operate within His divine plan. This reinforces the idea that every living being, regardless of its apparent autonomy, is ultimately subject to God's will and purpose in the world.

Wonder of Creation

In verses 19-25, Job 39 draws attention to the horse's strength and instinctive prowess in battle, showcasing the grandeur of God's creation. This section emphasizes the unique attributes of various animals, revealing the intricate design and majesty of nature that God has established. By highlighting these wonders, the chapter invites Job to recognize the depth and complexity of God's creative work and His role as the ultimate Creator.

Human Limitations

Verses 13-17 present the ostrich, which neglects its eggs, serving as a poignant illustration of human limitations in understanding. God uses this example to remind Job that human wisdom and perspective fall short of divine insight and knowledge. This theme encourages humility, prompting Job to recognize the vast difference between human comprehension and God's unfathomable plans.

Trust in God

Throughout Job 39, particularly in verses 19-20, God poses rhetorical questions regarding the strength and instincts of various animals. These inquiries serve as a reminder to Job to place his trust in God's wisdom, even in times of confusion or uncertainty. The deeper message encourages reliance on divine understanding rather than solely on human reasoning, underscoring the importance of faith in God's greater design.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Job 39

Study questions

Questions for studying Job 39

  1. What does God ask Job about the mountain goats in verses 1-2?
  2. How does the wild donkey's lifestyle illustrate God's sovereignty?
  3. What is significant about the wild ox's strength and independence?
  4. In what ways does the ostrich demonstrate limitations in wisdom?
  5. How does the description of the horse reflect God's creative power?

Job 39: frequently asked questions

What is Job 39 about?+
In Job chapter 39, God continues speaking to Job, highlighting His sovereign control and wisdom through the examples of various animals. God describes the habits and characteristics of creatures such as mountain goats, wild donkeys, and the powerful ostrich, each illustrating unique aspects of divine provision and natural order. As the chapter unfolds, God underscores His mastery in the independent life of the wild ox and the extraordinary instincts of the horse. These examples illustrate nature's diversity and God's unmatched understanding in creating and sustaining life. The chapter serves as a reminder of human limitations in understanding God's creation fully. By presenting Job with questions about the natural world, God points out the complexity and mystery imbued in even the daily existence of animals. Such depth in creation's design emphasizes God's infinite wisdom and power, intending to humble Job and reaffirm trust in the divine plan. Theological themes in this chapter include the sovereignty of God, the wonder of creation, human limitations in understanding divine wisdom, and trust in God's plan despite incomprehension. Through this dialogue, God invites Job to recognize his position in the broader context of divine creation, encouraging humility and awe.
What is the key verse in Job 39?+
Job 39:19: ""But do you give the horse his might? Do you clothe his neck with a mane?""
What are the main themes of Job 39?+
The main themes of Job 39 are Divine Sovereignty, Wonder of Creation, Human Limitations, Trust in God.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Job 39

Study Notes