ScriptureDepth's study of John 13
“A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another. Just as I have loved you, you also love one another.”
John 13:34
Jesus gives his disciples a command to love one another, which defines their identity as his disciples through mutual love, as seen in 'love one another'.
What John 13 is about
Before the Passover feast, Jesus knows his time has come. He loves his disciples until the end. During supper, he washes their feet, surprising Peter, who initially resists. Jesus explains that unless he washes Peter, he has no part with him. Peter then asks Jesus to wash more than his feet. Jesus tells him that those who are clean need only their feet washed (vv. 1-11). After washing their feet, Jesus teaches them about servanthood, stating that if he, their Teacher, washed their feet, they should also wash one another's feet (vv. 12-17). He reveals that one will betray him, identifying Judas Iscariot while the others remain confused (vv. 18-30). Jesus then gives a new commandment to love one another as he has loved them; this love will identify them as his disciples (vv. 31-35). Finally, Jesus predicts Peter's denial, stating that the rooster will crow before Peter denies him three times (vv. 36-38).
The chapter leaves the reader holding the command to love one another as Jesus has loved them.
John 13 at a glance
- John 13:1–5Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet
- John 13:6–11Peter's Resistance and Understanding
- John 13:12–17The Example of Servanthood
- John 13:18–30The Betrayal Revealed
- John 13:31–35A New Commandment to Love
- John 13:36–38Peter's Denial Predicted
Key verse: John 13:34
One thing to notice
In vv. 21-27, Jesus, troubled in spirit, reveals that one of the disciples will betray him. Judas Iscariot is identified as the betrayer when he receives the piece of bread from Jesus. Judas then departs immediately in v. 30, moving the story forward.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read John 13 (WEB)
Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet John 13:1–5
1Verse 1. Now before the feast of the Passover, Jesus, knowing that his time had come that he would depart from this world to the Father, having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end. 2Verse 2. During supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, to betray him, 3Verse 3. Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he came from God, and was going to God, 4Verse 4. arose from supper, and laid aside his outer garments. He took a towel, and wrapped a towel around his waist.
5Verse 5. Then he poured water into the basin, and began to wash the disciples’ feet, and to wipe them with the towel that was wrapped around him.
Peter's Resistance and Understanding John 13:6–11
6Verse 6. Then he came to Simon Peter. He said to him, “Lord, do you wash my feet?”7Verse 7. Jesus answered him,“You don’t know what I am doing now, but you will understand later.”8Verse 8. Peter said to him, “You will never wash my feet!”Jesus answered him,“If I don’t wash you, you have no part with me.”9Verse 9. Simon Peter said to him, “Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head!”10Verse 10. Jesus said to him,“Someone who has bathed only needs to have his feet washed, but is completely clean. You are clean, but not all of you.”11Verse 11. For he knew him who would betray him, therefore he said,“You are not all clean.”
The Example of Servanthood John 13:12–17
12Verse 12. So when he had washed their feet, put his outer garment back on, and sat down again, he said to them, “Do you know what I have done to you? 13Verse 13. You call me, ‘Teacher’ and ‘Lord.’ You say so correctly, for so I am. 14Verse 14. If I then, the Lord and the Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet. 15Verse 15. For I have given you an example, that you also should do as I have done to you. 16Verse 16. Most certainly I tell you, a servant is not greater than his lord, neither one who is sent greater than he who sent him.
17Verse 17. If you know these things, blessed are you if you do them.
The Betrayal Revealed John 13:18–30
18Verse 18. I don’t speak concerning all of you. I know whom I have chosen. But that the Scripture may be fulfilled, ‘He who eats bread with me has lifted up his heel against me.’ 19Verse 19. From now on, I tell you before it happens, that when it happens, you may believe that I am he. 20Verse 20. Most certainly I tell you, he who receives whomever I send, receives me; and he who receives me, receives him who sent me.” 21Verse 21. When Jesus had said this, he was troubled in spirit, and testified, “Most certainly I tell you that one of you will betray me.”
22Verse 22. The disciples looked at one another, perplexed about whom he spoke. 23Verse 23. One of his disciples, whom Jesus loved, was at the table, leaning against Jesus’ breast. 24Verse 24. Simon Peter therefore beckoned to him, and said to him, “Tell us who it is of whom he speaks.” 25Verse 25. He, leaning back, as he was, on Jesus’ breast, asked him, “Lord, who is it?” 26Verse 26. Jesus therefore answered, “It is he to whom I will give this piece of bread when I have dipped it.” So when he had dipped the piece of bread, he gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot. 27Verse 27. After the piece of bread, then Satan entered into him. Then Jesus said to him, “What you do, do quickly.”
28Verse 28. Now no man at the table knew why he said this to him. 29Verse 29. For some thought, because Judas had the money box, that Jesus said to him, “Buy what things we need for the feast,” or that he should give something to the poor. 30Verse 30. Therefore having received that morsel, he went out immediately. It was night.
A New Commandment to Love John 13:31–35
31Verse 31. When he had gone out, Jesus said, “Now the Son of Man has been glorified, and God has been glorified in him. 32Verse 32. If God has been glorified in him, God will also glorify him in himself, and he will glorify him immediately. 33Verse 33. Little children, I will be with you a little while longer. You will seek me, and as I said to the Jews, ‘Where I am going, you can’t come,’ so now I tell you. 34Verse 34. A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another. Just as I have loved you, you also love one another. 35Verse 35. By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.”
Peter's Denial Predicted John 13:36–38
36Verse 36. Simon Peter said to him, “Lord, where are you going?”Jesus answered,“Where I am going, you can’t follow now, but you will follow afterwards.”37Verse 37. Peter said to him, “Lord, why can’t I follow you now? I will lay down my life for you.”38Verse 38. Jesus answered him,“Will you lay down your life for me? Most certainly I tell you, the rooster won’t crow until you have denied me three times.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in John 13
servanthood
In vv. 4-5, Jesus 'arose from supper' and began to wash the disciples’ feet, showing humility and servanthood. He instructs them in v. 14, stating that if he, 'the Lord and the Teacher,' has washed their feet, they also should wash one another’s feet. This act serves as an example of how to serve others, establishing a model for their interactions moving forward.
love
In vv. 34-35, Jesus gives a 'new commandment' to love one another just as he has loved them. This command emphasizes the relational quality of love that should define their community. Jesus asserts that their love for one another will be the distinguishing mark of his disciples, steering the focus from mere belief to active expression of love among them.
Explore love in the Bible →betrayal
Betrayal surfaces in vv. 21-30, where Jesus reveals that one of the disciples will betray him. In v. 26, he identifies Judas, stating, 'It is he to whom I will give this piece of bread.' The chapter concludes with Judas leaving in v. 30, marking the beginning of the events leading to Jesus' crucifixion and the culmination of his betrayal.
community
In vv. 12-17, Jesus speaks of community by teaching the disciples about mutual servanthood. He instructs them to wash one another’s feet, which fosters a sense of belonging and shared responsibility. This communal bond is further emphasized in v. 34, where love for one another becomes the defining characteristic of their collective identity.
Chapter outline
How John 13 unfolds
John 13:1–5 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet
Before the Passover feast, Jesus knows his time has come. He washes the disciples' feet, showing humility by laying aside his outer garments and using a towel (vv. 1-5).
John 13:6–11 Peter's Resistance and Understanding
Peter questions Jesus washing his feet, asserting, 'You will never wash my feet.' Jesus replies that without the washing, Peter has no part with him (vv. 6-8).
John 13:12–17 The Example of Servanthood
Jesus explains that he has given an example of servanthood, instructing the disciples to wash one another's feet, illustrating a principle of mutual service (vv. 12-17).
John 13:18–30 The Betrayal Revealed
Jesus reveals that one of the disciples will betray him, causing confusion and concern among them. He identifies Judas through the gesture of giving him the dipped piece of bread (vv. 18-30).
John 13:31–35 A New Commandment to Love
Jesus announces a new commandment, instructing the disciples to love one another as he has loved them, which will identify them as his disciples (vv. 31-35).
John 13:36–38 Peter's Denial Predicted
Peter asks where Jesus is going and insists he will lay down his life for him. Jesus predicts that Peter will deny him three times before the rooster crows (vv. 36-38).
Key verses
John 13:34Jesus gives his disciples a command to love one another, which defines their identity as his disciples through mutual love, as seen in 'love one another'.
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Study questions
Questions for studying John 13
- observeWhat does Peter say in v6 when Jesus approaches him?
- observeIn v34, what is the new commandment that Jesus gives to His disciples?
- interpretJesus' statement in v10 about being 'completely clean', how does this relate to the foot washing?
- interpretRegarding Judas in v27, what does it mean when it says 'Satan entered into him'?
- applyHow might the act of washing feet in v5 challenge your view of service to others?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo John 13
- John 15John 13:34 and John 15:17Both command: John 13:34 A new commandment I give to you, while John 15:17 I command these things to you.
- 1 John 3John 13:34 and 1 John 3:16Both love: John 13:34 that you love one another, while 1 John 3:16 he laid down his life for us.
- John 7John 13:1 and John 7:6The link is thematic: Jesus’ awareness of timing.
- John 17John 13:31 and John 17:1Both glorify: John 13:31 God has been glorified in him, while John 17:1 Glorify your Son, that your Son may also glorify you.
- 1 John 4John 13:35 and 1 John 4:20Both love: John 13:35 you are my disciples, if you have love for one another, while 1 John 4:20 he is a liar.
- Galatians 6John 13:34 and Galatians 6:2Both bear: John 13:34 you also love one another, while Galatians 6:2 Bear one another’s burdens.
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Where to go from here
- John: the whole bookJohn states his purpose outright: "these are written, that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son…
- 30-Day Gospel Journey, day 28Day 28 of 30: Farewell Words.
- FaithWhat the Bible says about faith, with verses.
- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
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