Joshua 22
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1Then Joshua called the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, 2and said to them, “You have kept all that Moses the servant of Yahweh commanded you, and have listened to my voice in all that I commanded you. 3You have not left your brothers these many days to this day, but have performed the duty of the commandment of Yahweh your God. 4Now Yahweh your God has given rest to your brothers, as he spoke to them. Therefore now return and go to your tents, to the land of your possession, which Moses the servant of Yahweh gave you beyond the Jordan. 5Only take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law which Moses the servant of Yahweh commanded you, to love Yahweh your God, to walk in all his ways, to keep his commandments, to hold fast to him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.” 6So Joshua blessed them, and sent them away; and they went to their tents. 7Now to the one half-tribe of Manasseh Moses had given inheritance in Bashan; but to the other half gave Joshua among their brothers beyond the Jordan westward. Moreover when Joshua sent them away to their tents, he blessed them, 8and spoke to them, saying, “Return with much wealth to your tents, with very much livestock, with silver, with gold, with brass, with iron, and with very much clothing. Divide the plunder of your enemies with your brothers.” 9The children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh returned, and departed from the children of Israel out of Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan, to go to the land of Gilead, to the land of their possession, which they owned, according to the commandment of Yahweh by Moses. 10When they came to the region about the Jordan, that is in the land of Canaan, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh built there an altar by the Jordan, a great altar to look at. 11The children of Israel heard this, “Behold, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh have built an altar in the border of the land of Canaan, in the region around the Jordan, on the side that belongs to the children of Israel.” 12When the children of Israel heard of it, the whole congregation of the children of Israel gathered themselves together at Shiloh, to go up against them to war. 13The children of Israel sent to the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh, into the land of Gilead, Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest. 14With him were ten princes, one prince of a fathers’ house for each of the tribes of Israel; and they were each head of their fathers’ houses among the thousands of Israel. 15They came to the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh, to the land of Gilead, and they spoke with them, saying, 16“Thus says the whole congregation of Yahweh, ‘What trespass is this that you have committed against the God of Israel, to turn away today from following Yahweh, in that you have built yourselves an altar, to rebel today against Yahweh? 17Is the iniquity of Peor too little for us, from which we have not cleansed ourselves to this day, although there came a plague on the congregation of Yahweh, 18that you must turn away today from following Yahweh? It will be, since you rebel today against Yahweh, that tomorrow he will be angry with the whole congregation of Israel. 19However, if the land of your possession is unclean, then pass over to the land of the possession of Yahweh, in which Yahweh’s tabernacle dwells, and take possession among us; but don’t rebel against Yahweh, nor rebel against us, in building an altar other than Yahweh our God’s altar. 20Didn’t Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the devoted thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel? That man didn’t perish alone in his iniquity.’” 21Then the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh answered, and spoke to the heads of the thousands of Israel, 22“The Mighty One, God, Yahweh, the Mighty One, God, Yahweh, he knows; and Israel shall know: if it was in rebellion, or if in trespass against Yahweh (don’t save us today), 23that we have built us an altar to turn away from following Yahweh; or if to offer burnt offering or meal offering, or if to offer sacrifices of peace offerings, let Yahweh himself require it. 24“If we have not out of concern done this, and for a reason, saying, ‘In time to come your children might speak to our children, saying, “What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel? 25For Yahweh has made the Jordan a border between us and you, you children of Reuben and children of Gad. You have no portion in Yahweh.”’ So your children might make our children cease from fearing Yahweh. 26“Therefore we said, ‘Let’s now prepare to build ourselves an altar, not for burnt offering, nor for sacrifice; 27but it will be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we may perform the service of Yahweh before him with our burnt offerings, with our sacrifices, and with our peace offerings;’ that your children may not tell our children in time to come, ‘You have no portion in Yahweh.’ 28“Therefore we said, ‘It shall be, when they tell us or our generations this in time to come, that we shall say, “Behold the pattern of Yahweh’s altar, which our fathers made, not for burnt offering, nor for sacrifice; but it is a witness between us and you.”’ 29“Far be it from us that we should rebel against Yahweh, and turn away today from following Yahweh, to build an altar for burnt offering, for meal offering, or for sacrifice, besides Yahweh our God’s altar that is before his tabernacle!” 30When Phinehas the priest, and the princes of the congregation, even the heads of the thousands of Israel that were with him, heard the words that the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the children of Manasseh spoke, it pleased them well. 31Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said to the children of Reuben, to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh, “Today we know that Yahweh is among us, because you have not committed this trespass against Yahweh. Now you have delivered the children of Israel out of Yahweh’s hand.” 32Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, and the princes, returned from the children of Reuben, and from the children of Gad, out of the land of Gilead, to the land of Canaan, to the children of Israel, and brought them word again. 33The thing pleased the children of Israel; and the children of Israel blessed God, and spoke no more of going up against them to war, to destroy the land in which the children of Reuben and the children of Gad lived. 34The children of Reuben and the children of Gad named the altar “A Witness Between Us that Yahweh is God.”
World English Bible (public domain)
“And the people of Reuben and the people of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh said, “The Lord, the Mighty One, the Lord, the Mighty One! He knows, and let Israel itself know! If it was in rebellion or in breach of faith against the Lord, do not spare us today.””
Joshua 22:22
Summary
In Joshua chapter 22, after the Israelites have successfully conquered the land of Canaan, the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh are commended by Joshua for their faithful service during the battles. These tribes had settled in the eastern lands, and Joshua reminds them of their commitment to help their fellow Israelites conquer the remaining territories. Upon receiving Joshua's blessing, the eastern tribes return to their homes, but before they depart, they build an impressive altar near the Jordan River. This act causes concern among the remaining tribes, who perceive the altar as a potential sign of rebellion against the Lord and a means of leading the Israelites away from true worship. The situation escalates, leading to a meeting of the leaders to address the perceived offense and to prevent further conflict. The eastern tribes clarify their intentions, explaining that the altar is a witness to their shared faith with the western tribes, affirming their commitment to worship Yahweh together, despite the geographical divide. They manage to resolve the misunderstanding and maintain unity among the Israelites, illustrating the importance of communication and understanding in community relations.
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Chapter outline
How Joshua 22 unfolds
Joshua 22:1–6 Joshua commends the eastern tribes
Joshua calls the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh, praising their faithfulness in following Moses and his commands.
Joshua 22:7–9 Return to their land
Joshua blesses the tribes as they prepare to return to their land east of the Jordan, reminding them of their inheritance.
Joshua 22:10–12 Building the altar
Upon reaching the Jordan, the eastern tribes build a large altar, which raises alarm among the other Israelite tribes.
Joshua 22:13–21 Confrontation over the altar
Leaders from the western tribes, led by Phinehas, confront the eastern tribes about the perceived rebellion against Yahweh.
Joshua 22:22–29 Defense of their actions
The eastern tribes respond, asserting their loyalty to Yahweh and explaining the altar's purpose as a witness to their faith.
Joshua 22:30–33 Resolution and understanding
Phinehas and the leaders are appeased by the explanation, leading to a peaceful resolution and unity among the tribes.
Joshua 22:34 Naming the altar
The eastern tribes name the altar as a witness, emphasizing its intended role in fostering unity and shared worship.
Key verses
Joshua 22:22The key verse encapsulates the eastern tribes' insistence on their loyalty to Yahweh, highlighting the chapter's focus on shared faith.
Main themes in Joshua 22
Unity in diversity
The theme of unity in diversity is evident when the eastern tribes construct an altar as a symbol of their shared faith, as noted in verse 34. This altar serves not only as a religious marker but also as a means to communicate their connection with the western tribes, transcending physical distances. The resolution of the potential conflict that arises from this act underscores the significance of collective identity among the Israelites, reminding them of their common heritage.
Faithfulness to commitments
Faithfulness to commitments is illustrated when Joshua recognizes the eastern tribes' unwavering loyalty to the commands handed down by Moses, particularly in verses 1 through 5. Their return to their homes signifies their commitment to both familial responsibilities and their covenant with Yahweh. This steadfastness is essential for fostering harmony within the larger Israelite community, as it reinforces the mutual obligations that bind them together as a people.
Communication as conflict resolution
Communication as conflict resolution is clearly demonstrated when Phinehas and the leaders engage with the eastern tribes to clarify their motives regarding the altar, especially in verses 12 through 20. This proactive dialogue helps to avoid misunderstandings that could lead to conflict, emphasizing the role of open discussion in fostering peaceful relations. The chapter highlights the importance of transparent communication as a vital tool for maintaining unity within the community.
The significance of worship
The significance of worship is underscored by the eastern tribes’ explanation of the altar's purpose as a witness to their faith. They seek to ensure future generations understand their connection to Yahweh, highlighting the importance of communal worship. This concern for worship continuity reflects the central role of Yahweh in Israelite identity.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Joshua 22
- Numbers 32This passage connects as it outlines the initial settlement of the eastern tribes and their commitments to Israel.
- Matthew 22This passage echoes themes of loyalty to God and the importance of true worship over mere ritual.
- Joshua 7This develops the theme of collective responsibility, as seen in the consequences of Achan's sin affecting the entire community.
- Exodus 20This connects through the emphasis on faithfulness to God's commands and the consequences of turning away from Him.
- Exodus 23This passage echoes the call to unity and following God's laws, relevant to the eastern tribes' concerns.
- Romans 8This develops themes of belonging and assurance in one’s relationship with God, similar to the eastern tribes' commitment.
Study questions
Questions for studying Joshua 22
- What reason did Joshua give the eastern tribes for their commendation?
- How did the western tribes initially react to the altar built by the eastern tribes?
- What was the purpose of the altar according to the eastern tribes?
- What role did Phinehas play in addressing the conflict?
- How did the eastern tribes’ actions highlight the theme of unity?
- What implications did the altar's naming have for future generations?
Joshua 22: frequently asked questions
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