ScriptureDepth's study of Joshua 21
“So Yahweh gave to Israel all the land which he swore to give to their fathers. They possessed it, and lived in it.”
Joshua 21:43
Yahweh gives the Israelites the land he promised, confirming that they are now settled and possess it, fulfilling his covenant from their ancestors.
What Joshua 21 is about
The heads of the Levite families approached Eleazar the priest and Joshua at Shiloh, asking for cities to inhabit as commanded by Yahweh (vv. 1-2). The Israelites complied, giving the Levites cities and their suburbs (vv. 3-8). The Kohathites received cities by lot, including thirteen cities from Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin for the children of Aaron (vv. 4-19). The rest of the Kohathites were given ten cities from Ephraim, Dan, and Manasseh (vv. 20-26). The Gershonites received thirteen cities from Manasseh, Issachar, Asher, and Naphtali (vv. 27-33). The Merarites obtained twelve cities from Zebulun, Reuben, and Gad (vv. 34-40). In total, the Levites were allotted forty-eight cities with their suburbs (vv. 41-42). Yahweh fulfilled His promise to Israel, granting them the land He swore to give their ancestors and rest from their enemies (vv. 43-45).
Yahweh delivered all their enemies into their hand, and nothing failed of any good thing He promised.
Joshua 21 at a glance
- Joshua 21:1–2Levites Request Cities
- Joshua 21:3–8Cities Given to the Levites
- Joshua 21:9–19Cities for the Kohathites
- Joshua 21:20–26Cities for Other Kohathites
- Joshua 21:27–33Cities for Gershonites
- Joshua 21:34–40Cities for Merarites
- Joshua 21:41–45Total Cities and God's Faithfulness
Key verse: Joshua 21:43
One thing to notice
The Levites request cities to dwell in with their suburbs in verse 2, explicitly stating that this was commanded by Yahweh through Moses. In verse 3, the children of Israel gave them cities as directed, responding to the Levites' request.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Joshua 21 (WEB)
Levites Request Cities Joshua 21:1–2
1Verse 1. Then the heads of fathers’ houses of the Levites came near to Eleazar the priest, and to Joshua the son of Nun, and to the heads of fathers’ houses of the tribes of the children of Israel. 2Verse 2. They spoke to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, “Yahweh commanded through Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with their suburbs for our livestock.”
Cities Given to the Levites Joshua 21:3–8
3Verse 3. The children of Israel gave to the Levites out of their inheritance, according to the commandment of Yahweh, these cities with their suburbs. 4Verse 4. The lot came out for the families of the Kohathites. The children of Aaron the priest, who were of the Levites, had thirteen cities by lot out of the tribe of Judah, out of the tribe of the Simeonites, and out of the tribe of Benjamin. 5Verse 5. The rest of the children of Kohath had ten cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim, out of the tribe of Dan, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh.
6Verse 6. The children of Gershon had thirteen cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, out of the tribe of Asher, out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan. 7Verse 7. The children of Merari according to their families had twelve cities out of the tribe of Reuben, out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun. 8Verse 8. The children of Israel gave these cities with their suburbs by lot to the Levites, as Yahweh commanded by Moses.
Cities for the Kohathites Joshua 21:9–19
9Verse 9. They gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are mentioned by name: 10Verse 10. and they were for the children of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi; for theirs was the first lot. 11Verse 11. They gave them Kiriath Arba, named after the father of Anak (also called Hebron), in the hill country of Judah, with its suburbs around it. 12Verse 12. But they gave the fields of the city and its villages to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession.
13Verse 13. To the children of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Libnah with its suburbs, 14Verse 14. Jattir with its suburbs, Eshtemoa with its suburbs, 15Verse 15. Holon with its suburbs, Debir with its suburbs, 16Verse 16. Ain with its suburbs, Juttah with its suburbs, and Beth Shemesh with its suburbs: nine cities out of those two tribes. 17Verse 17. Out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with its suburbs, Geba with its suburbs, 18Verse 18. Anathoth with its suburbs, and Almon with its suburbs: four cities.
19Verse 19. All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with their suburbs.
Cities for Other Kohathites Joshua 21:20–26
20Verse 20. The families of the children of Kohath, the Levites, even the rest of the children of Kohath, had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim. 21Verse 21. They gave them Shechem with its suburbs in the hill country of Ephraim, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Gezer with its suburbs, 22Verse 22. Kibzaim with its suburbs, and Beth Horon with its suburbs: four cities. 23Verse 23. Out of the tribe of Dan, Elteke with its suburbs, Gibbethon with its suburbs, 24Verse 24. Aijalon with its suburbs, Gath Rimmon with its suburbs: four cities. 25Verse 25. Out of the half-tribe of Manasseh, Taanach with its suburbs, and Gath Rimmon with its suburbs: two cities.
26Verse 26. All the cities of the families of the rest of the children of Kohath were ten with their suburbs.
Cities for Gershonites Joshua 21:27–33
27Verse 27. They gave to the children of Gershon, of the families of the Levites, out of the half-tribe of Manasseh Golan in Bashan with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Be Eshterah with its suburbs: two cities. 28Verse 28. Out of the tribe of Issachar, Kishion with its suburbs, Daberath with its suburbs, 29Verse 29. Jarmuth with its suburbs, En Gannim with its suburbs: four cities. 30Verse 30. Out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with its suburbs, Abdon with its suburbs, 31Verse 31. Helkath with its suburbs, and Rehob with its suburbs: four cities. 32Verse 32. Out of the tribe of Naphtali, Kedesh in Galilee with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Hammothdor with its suburbs, and Kartan with its suburbs: three cities.
33Verse 33. All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their suburbs.
Cities for Merarites Joshua 21:34–40
34Verse 34. To the families of the children of Merari, the rest of the Levites, out of the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with its suburbs, Kartah with its suburbs, 35Verse 35. Dimnah with its suburbs, and Nahalal with its suburbs: four cities. 36Verse 36. Out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer with its suburbs, Jahaz with its suburbs, 37Verse 37. Kedemoth with its suburbs, and Mephaath with its suburbs: four cities. 38Verse 38. Out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Mahanaim with its suburbs, 39Verse 39. Heshbon with its suburbs, Jazer with its suburbs: four cities in all.
40Verse 40. All these were the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites. Their lot was twelve cities.
Total Cities and God's Faithfulness Joshua 21:41–45
41Verse 41. All the cities of the Levites among the possessions of the children of Israel were forty-eight cities with their suburbs. 42Verse 42. Each of these cities included their suburbs around them. It was this way with all these cities. 43Verse 43. So Yahweh gave to Israel all the land which he swore to give to their fathers. They possessed it, and lived in it. 44Verse 44. Yahweh gave them rest all around, according to all that he swore to their fathers. Not a man of all their enemies stood before them. Yahweh delivered all their enemies into their hand. 45Verse 45. Nothing failed of any good thing which Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel. All came to pass.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Joshua 21
God's faithfulness
In this chapter, the narrative shows God's faithfulness in fulfilling his promise to Israel. In verses 43-45, the text states that 'Yahweh gave to Israel all the land which he swore to give to their fathers,' affirming that they possessed the land. The chapter concludes with the assurance that 'nothing failed of any good thing which Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel,' highlighting the completeness of God's promise.
Provision for leaders
The Levites' request for cities in verses 1-2 illustrates God's provision for leaders among the Israelites. The chapter details how the Levites were given cities from the tribes of Israel, including specific allocations such as 'thirteen cities by lot out of the tribe of Judah' (v. 4). This provision ensured that the spiritual leaders had a place within the community to serve and maintain their responsibilities.
Community responsibility
The allocation of cities to the Levites demonstrates the community's responsibility to care for its leaders. In verses 3 and 8, the children of Israel provided cities 'according to the commandment of Yahweh,' highlighting the obligation of the community to support the Levites. This collective action requires each tribe to contribute to the well-being of the Levitical families, establishing an interdependent community structure.
The importance of memory in faith
This chapter recounts God's faithfulness and the necessity of remembering his promises. In verses 43-45, the text details how Yahweh fulfilled his promises to Israel, stating 'they possessed it, and lived in it.' By recounting these events, the chapter calls the community to remember God's past actions, forming a foundation for their faith and relationship with him.
Chapter outline
How Joshua 21 unfolds
Joshua 21:1–2 Levites Request Cities
The heads of fathers’ houses of the Levites approach Eleazar the priest and Joshua, requesting cities for the Levites as commanded by Yahweh through Moses (v. 2).
Joshua 21:3–8 Cities Given to the Levites
The children of Israel give cities and their suburbs to the Levites according to Yahweh's command. The lots designate specific cities for each Levitical family, ensuring their inheritance among the tribes.
Joshua 21:9–19 Cities for the Kohathites
Cities are designated for the Kohathites, including thirteen cities from the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin, with specific mention of the cities given (v. 10).
Joshua 21:20–26 Cities for Other Kohathites
Other Kohathites receive ten cities from Ephraim, Dan, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, affirming the distribution of cities by lot (vv. 21-26).
Joshua 21:27–33 Cities for Gershonites
The Gershonites are allocated thirteen cities from the half-tribe of Manasseh, Issachar, Asher, and Naphtali, including cities of refuge for those who kill accidentally (vv. 27-32).
Joshua 21:34–40 Cities for Merarites
The Merarites receive twelve cities from Zebulun, Reuben, and Gad, completing the distribution of cities set aside for the Levites (vv. 34-40).
Joshua 21:41–45 Total Cities and God's Faithfulness
A total of forty-eight cities are confirmed for the Levites, with an affirmation of Yahweh's faithfulness in granting Israel the land and rest from their enemies (vv. 43-45).
Key verses
Joshua 21:43Yahweh gives the Israelites the land he promised, confirming that they are now settled and possess it, fulfilling his covenant from their ancestors.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Joshua 21
- observeIn v3, what command does Yahweh give regarding the Levites' cities?
- observeWhat cities are mentioned in v10 that were given to the children of Aaron?
- interpretThe lot in v4: what does it indicate about the distribution of land among the Levites?
- interpretIn v43, what does the phrase 'all the land which he swore' imply about God's promises?
- applyWhen have you experienced a community providing for your needs like the Levites' cities in v3?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Joshua 21
- 1 Chronicles 6Joshua 21:11 and 1 Chronicles 6:55Both name Hebron: Joshua 21:11 says it is Kiriath Arba, while 1 Chronicles 6:55 affirms it as Hebron.
- 1 Kings 8Joshua 21:45 and 1 Kings 8:56Both affirm God's faithfulness: Joshua 21:45 declares nothing failed, while 1 Kings 8:56 states not one word failed.
- Joshua 20Joshua 21:11 and Joshua 20:7Both mention Hebron: Joshua 21:11 gives it to the Levites, while Joshua 20:7 lists it among cities of refuge.
- Numbers 35Joshua 21:3 and Numbers 35:6Both address cities for Levites: Joshua 21:3 states cities with suburbs were given, while Numbers 35:6 specifies six cities of refuge.
- Joshua 23Joshua 21:45 and Joshua 23:14Both affirm God's promises: Joshua 21:45 states nothing failed, while Joshua 23:14 claims all good things came to pass.
- Joshua 19Joshua 21:24 and Joshua 19:45Both list Gath Rimmon: Joshua 21:24 includes it among Levite cities, while Joshua 19:45 names it in the tribal allotments.
Related chapters
Chapters that connect with Joshua 21
Elsewhere on ScriptureDepth
Where to go from here
- Joshua: the whole bookJoshua narrates the moment promise becomes geography.
- Full Year Chronological Bible, day 77Day 77 of 365: Joshua 20–22.
- StrengthWhat the Bible says about strength, with verses.
- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
- Today's devotionalOne verse and a short reflection, new every morning.
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