Joshua 21
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1Then the heads of fathers’ houses of the Levites came near to Eleazar the priest, and to Joshua the son of Nun, and to the heads of fathers’ houses of the tribes of the children of Israel. 2They spoke to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, “Yahweh commanded through Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with their suburbs for our livestock.” 3The children of Israel gave to the Levites out of their inheritance, according to the commandment of Yahweh, these cities with their suburbs. 4The lot came out for the families of the Kohathites. The children of Aaron the priest, who were of the Levites, had thirteen cities by lot out of the tribe of Judah, out of the tribe of the Simeonites, and out of the tribe of Benjamin. 5The rest of the children of Kohath had ten cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim, out of the tribe of Dan, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh. 6The children of Gershon had thirteen cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, out of the tribe of Asher, out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan. 7The children of Merari according to their families had twelve cities out of the tribe of Reuben, out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun. 8The children of Israel gave these cities with their suburbs by lot to the Levites, as Yahweh commanded by Moses. 9They gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are mentioned by name: 10and they were for the children of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi; for theirs was the first lot. 11They gave them Kiriath Arba, named after the father of Anak (also called Hebron), in the hill country of Judah, with its suburbs around it. 12But they gave the fields of the city and its villages to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession. 13To the children of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Libnah with its suburbs, 14Jattir with its suburbs, Eshtemoa with its suburbs, 15Holon with its suburbs, Debir with its suburbs, 16Ain with its suburbs, Juttah with its suburbs, and Beth Shemesh with its suburbs: nine cities out of those two tribes. 17Out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with its suburbs, Geba with its suburbs, 18Anathoth with its suburbs, and Almon with its suburbs: four cities. 19All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with their suburbs. 20The families of the children of Kohath, the Levites, even the rest of the children of Kohath, had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim. 21They gave them Shechem with its suburbs in the hill country of Ephraim, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Gezer with its suburbs, 22Kibzaim with its suburbs, and Beth Horon with its suburbs: four cities. 23Out of the tribe of Dan, Elteke with its suburbs, Gibbethon with its suburbs, 24Aijalon with its suburbs, Gath Rimmon with its suburbs: four cities. 25Out of the half-tribe of Manasseh, Taanach with its suburbs, and Gath Rimmon with its suburbs: two cities. 26All the cities of the families of the rest of the children of Kohath were ten with their suburbs. 27They gave to the children of Gershon, of the families of the Levites, out of the half-tribe of Manasseh Golan in Bashan with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Be Eshterah with its suburbs: two cities. 28Out of the tribe of Issachar, Kishion with its suburbs, Daberath with its suburbs, 29Jarmuth with its suburbs, En Gannim with its suburbs: four cities. 30Out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with its suburbs, Abdon with its suburbs, 31Helkath with its suburbs, and Rehob with its suburbs: four cities. 32Out of the tribe of Naphtali, Kedesh in Galilee with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Hammothdor with its suburbs, and Kartan with its suburbs: three cities. 33All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their suburbs. 34To the families of the children of Merari, the rest of the Levites, out of the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with its suburbs, Kartah with its suburbs, 35Dimnah with its suburbs, and Nahalal with its suburbs: four cities. 36Out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer with its suburbs, Jahaz with its suburbs, 37Kedemoth with its suburbs, and Mephaath with its suburbs: four cities. 38Out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Mahanaim with its suburbs, 39Heshbon with its suburbs, Jazer with its suburbs: four cities in all. 40All these were the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites. Their lot was twelve cities. 41All the cities of the Levites among the possessions of the children of Israel were forty-eight cities with their suburbs. 42Each of these cities included their suburbs around them. It was this way with all these cities. 43So Yahweh gave to Israel all the land which he swore to give to their fathers. They possessed it, and lived in it. 44Yahweh gave them rest all around, according to all that he swore to their fathers. Not a man of all their enemies stood before them. Yahweh delivered all their enemies into their hand. 45Nothing failed of any good thing which Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel. All came to pass.
World English Bible (public domain)
“So the Lord gave to Israel all the land that he swore to give to their fathers, and they took possession of it and settled there.”
Joshua 21:43
Summary
In Joshua chapter 21, the Israelites fulfill God's promise to the Levites by designating cities for them from the lands conquered in Canaan. The Levites, who were set apart for the service of the Lord, did not receive a contiguous inheritance like the other tribes; instead, they were granted 48 cities across various tribal lands. The allocation of these cities reflects God's faithfulness in providing for His servants and underscores the importance of the priestly role within Israelite society. Additionally, the chapter emphasizes the theological significance of memory and heritage, showcasing how God ensures that His promises and commands are remembered through generations. Integral to this chapter is the understanding of how the community of faith supports its leaders in their spiritual responsibilities and sustains them through tangible means of care and provision.
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Chapter outline
How Joshua 21 unfolds
Joshua 21:1–2 Levites Request Cities
The heads of Levite families approach Eleazar and Joshua at Shiloh, asking for cities to inhabit as commanded by God.
Joshua 21:3–8 Cities Given to the Levites
The Israelites allocate cities to the Levites by lot, fulfilling God's command through Moses, ensuring the Levites’ needs are met.
Joshua 21:9–19 Cities for the Kohathites
The chapter details the cities granted to the Kohathite families, including cities of refuge and specific allotments from Judah and Benjamin.
Joshua 21:20–26 Cities for Other Kohathites
The distribution continues with cities assigned to the remaining Kohathites from Ephraim, Dan, and Manasseh, maintaining the structure of their inheritance.
Joshua 21:27–33 Cities for Gershonites
Gershonite families receive their designated cities, emphasizing the importance of their role with specific cities of refuge included.
Joshua 21:34–40 Cities for Merarites
Merarite families are assigned cities from Zebulun, Reuben, and Gad, culminating in their total allocation for the Levite clans.
Joshua 21:41–45 Total Cities and God's Faithfulness
The chapter concludes with a summary of the Levites' cities, affirming God's promises fulfilled to Israel and His provision for them.
Key verses
Joshua 21:43Joshua 21:43 encapsulates the chapter's essence by affirming God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Israel.
Main themes in Joshua 21
God's faithfulness
God's faithfulness is evident when the Levites receive their cities as promised in verses 3-8. The allocation of these cities fulfills God's covenant with Israel, demonstrating His unwavering commitment to His people. This theme advances the narrative by showing that God's promises are not just words but are actively realized in the lives of His people.
Provision for leaders
The chapter underscores God's provision for leaders, particularly the Levites, who receive cities from the Israelite inheritance in verses 3-8. By establishing cities for the Levites, the chapter reflects the community's responsibility to support its spiritual leaders. This reveals the essential role of leaders within the community and God's intent to sustain them.
Community responsibility
Community responsibility emerges as the Israelites allocate cities to the Levites, ensuring their needs are met in verses 3-8. The collective action of the tribes to distribute land among the Levites highlights their obligation to care for spiritual leaders. This theme is crucial to understanding how the community functions in partnership with God.
The importance of memory in faith
The importance of memory surfaces as the Israelites commemorate God's promises through the allocation of cities in verses 43-45. By remembering God's faithfulness in the distribution of land, the chapter reinforces the significance of heritage and tradition in the faith community. This act of remembrance helps anchor the community's identity in God's past faithfulness.
Cross-references
Passages that echo Joshua 21
- 1 Chronicles 6This passage echoes the distribution of Levitical cities, emphasizing the Levites' role throughout Israel's history.
- 1 Kings 8This connects through the acknowledgment of the Levites' service and city allocations as essential to Israel's worship.
- Joshua 20This develops the theme of cities of refuge, highlighting their significance in providing safety for those accused.
- Numbers 35This passage connects by outlining the cities of refuge and their importance for the Levites and the community.
- Joshua 23This echoes God's promises to Israel, reinforcing the covenantal theme present in the allotment of cities.
- Joshua 19This develops the context of land distribution, highlighting the careful consideration given to the Levites' needs.
Study questions
Questions for studying Joshua 21
- What cities were designated for the Levites, and why were they significant?
- How does the lot distribution reflect God's command through Moses?
- What role did the cities of refuge play for the Levites?
- How does this chapter illustrate the Levites' unique status among the tribes?
- What does the final verse say about God's faithfulness to Israel?
- How do the allocations of cities demonstrate community responsibility?
- What connections can you make between this chapter and previous instructions given to the Israelites?
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