ScriptureDepth's study of Joshua 15
“Caleb said, “He who strikes Kiriath Sepher, and takes it, to him I will give Achsah my daughter as wife.”
Joshua 15:16
Caleb speaks to the inhabitants of Kiriath Sepher, promising his daughter Achsah as a wife to whoever conquers the city, initiating a challenge that motivates Othniel to act.
What Joshua 15 is about
The boundaries of Judah's inheritance extend from the Salt Sea to the wilderness of Zin (vv. 1-12). The south border reaches the brook of Egypt, while the east border is the Salt Sea. Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, is given his portion in Hebron, as God commanded Joshua (vv. 13-19). Caleb drives out the Anakim and offers his daughter Achsah in marriage to anyone who captures Kiriath Sepher. Othniel, his nephew, takes it and marries Achsah, who asks for springs of water, which Caleb grants her.
The cities in Judah's southern region include Kabzeel, Eder, and Jagur, among others, totaling twenty-nine cities (vv. 20-32). In the lowlands and coastal areas, cities such as Ashdod and Gaza are listed, along with their villages (vv. 33-47). The hill country includes cities like Hebron and Gedor, making a total of six cities (vv. 48-61). The Jebusites remain in Jerusalem, which Judah could not drive out (vv. 62-63).
The chapter leaves the reader with the reality that the Jebusites still reside in Jerusalem among the people of Judah.
Joshua 15 at a glance
- Joshua 15:1–12Boundaries of Judah's Inheritance
- Joshua 15:13–19Caleb's Inheritance and Faith
- Joshua 15:20–32Cities in the Southern Region
- Joshua 15:33–47Cities in the Lowland and Coastal Areas
- Joshua 15:48–61Cities in the Hill Country
- Joshua 15:62–63Remaining Inhabitants
Key verse: Joshua 15:16
One thing to notice
The chapter concludes with a note on the Jebusites in verse 63, stating that 'the children of Judah couldn’t drive them out.' This observation contrasts the preceding sections that detail cities and territories, marking a failure to fully conquer the land as commanded, and thus the persistence of the Jebusites within Jerusalem.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Joshua 15 (WEB)
Boundaries of Judah's Inheritance Joshua 15:1–12
1Verse 1. The lot for the tribe of the children of Judah according to their families was to the border of Edom, even to the wilderness of Zin southward, at the uttermost part of the south. 2Verse 2. Their south border was from the uttermost part of the Salt Sea, from the bay that looks southward; 3Verse 3. and it went out southward of the ascent of Akrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and went up by the south of Kadesh Barnea, and passed along by Hezron, went up to Addar, and turned towards Karka; 4Verse 4. and it passed along to Azmon, went out at the brook of Egypt; and the border ended at the sea. This shall be your south border.
5Verse 5. The east border was the Salt Sea, even to the end of the Jordan. The border of the north quarter was from the bay of the sea at the end of the Jordan. 6Verse 6. The border went up to Beth Hoglah, and passed along by the north of Beth Arabah; and the border went up to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben. 7Verse 7. The border went up to Debir from the valley of Achor, and so northward, looking toward Gilgal, that faces the ascent of Adummim, which is on the south side of the river. The border passed along to the waters of En Shemesh, and ended at En Rogel.
8Verse 8. The border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom to the side of the Jebusite (also called Jerusalem) southward; and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lies before the valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the farthest part of the valley of Rephaim northward. 9Verse 9. The border extended from the top of the mountain to the spring of the waters of Nephtoah, and went out to the cities of Mount Ephron; and the border extended to Baalah (also called Kiriath Jearim); 10Verse 10. and the border turned about from Baalah westward to Mount Seir, and passed along to the side of Mount Jearim (also called Chesalon) on the north, and went down to Beth Shemesh, and passed along by Timnah;
11Verse 11. and the border went out to the side of Ekron northward; and the border extended to Shikkeron, and passed along to Mount Baalah, and went out at Jabneel; and the goings out of the border were at the sea. 12Verse 12. The west border was to the shore of the great sea. This is the border of the children of Judah according to their families.
Caleb's Inheritance and Faith Joshua 15:13–19
13Verse 13. He gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh a portion among the children of Judah, according to the commandment of Yahweh to Joshua, even Kiriath Arba, named after the father of Anak (also called Hebron). 14Verse 14. Caleb drove out the three sons of Anak: Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai, the children of Anak. 15Verse 15. He went up against the inhabitants of Debir: now the name of Debir before was Kiriath Sepher. 16Verse 16. Caleb said, “He who strikes Kiriath Sepher, and takes it, to him I will give Achsah my daughter as wife.” 17Verse 17. Othniel the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter as wife.
18Verse 18. When she came, she had him ask her father for a field. She got off her donkey, and Caleb said, “What do you want?” 19Verse 19. She said, “Give me a blessing. Because you have set me in the land of the South, give me also springs of water.” So he gave her the upper springs and the lower springs.
Cities in the Southern Region Joshua 15:20–32
20Verse 20. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Judah according to their families. 21Verse 21. The farthest cities of the tribe of the children of Judah toward the border of Edom in the South were Kabzeel, Eder, Jagur, 22Verse 22. Kinah, Dimonah, Adadah, 23Verse 23. Kedesh, Hazor, Ithnan, 24Verse 24. Ziph, Telem, Bealoth, 25Verse 25. Hazor Hadattah, Kerioth Hezron (also called Hazor),
26Verse 26. Amam, Shema, Moladah, 27Verse 27. Hazar Gaddah, Heshmon, Beth Pelet, 28Verse 28. Hazar Shual, Beersheba, Biziothiah, 29Verse 29. Baalah, Iim, Ezem, 30Verse 30. Eltolad, Chesil, Hormah, 31Verse 31. Ziklag, Madmannah, Sansannah,
32Verse 32. Lebaoth, Shilhim, Ain, and Rimmon. All the cities are twenty-nine, with their villages.
Cities in the Lowland and Coastal Areas Joshua 15:33–47
33Verse 33. In the lowland, Eshtaol, Zorah, Ashnah, 34Verse 34. Zanoah, En Gannim, Tappuah, Enam, 35Verse 35. Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah, 36Verse 36. Shaaraim, Adithaim and Gederah (or Gederothaim); fourteen cities with their villages. 37Verse 37. Zenan, Hadashah, Migdal Gad, 38Verse 38. Dilean, Mizpah, Joktheel,
39Verse 39. Lachish, Bozkath, Eglon, 40Verse 40. Cabbon, Lahmam, Chitlish, 41Verse 41. Gederoth, Beth Dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages. 42Verse 42. Libnah, Ether, Ashan, 43Verse 43. Iphtah, Ashnah, Nezib, 44Verse 44. Keilah, Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages.
45Verse 45. Ekron, with its towns and its villages; 46Verse 46. from Ekron even to the sea, all that were by the side of Ashdod, with their villages. 47Verse 47. Ashdod, its towns and its villages; Gaza, its towns and its villages; to the brook of Egypt, and the great sea with its coastline.
Cities in the Hill Country Joshua 15:48–61
48Verse 48. In the hill country, Shamir, Jattir, Socoh, 49Verse 49. Dannah, Kiriath Sannah (which is Debir), 50Verse 50. Anab, Eshtemoh, Anim, 51Verse 51. Goshen, Holon, and Giloh; eleven cities with their villages. 52Verse 52. Arab, Dumah, Eshan, 53Verse 53. Janim, Beth Tappuah, Aphekah,
54Verse 54. Humtah, Kiriath Arba (also called Hebron), and Zior; nine cities with their villages. 55Verse 55. Maon, Carmel, Ziph, Jutah, 56Verse 56. Jezreel, Jokdeam, Zanoah, 57Verse 57. Kain, Gibeah, and Timnah; ten cities with their villages. 58Verse 58. Halhul, Beth Zur, Gedor, 59Verse 59. Maarath, Beth Anoth, and Eltekon; six cities with their villages.
60Verse 60. Kiriath Baal (also called Kiriath Jearim), and Rabbah; two cities with their villages. 61Verse 61. In the wilderness, Beth Arabah, Middin, Secacah,
Remaining Inhabitants Joshua 15:62–63
62Verse 62. Nibshan, the City of Salt, and En Gedi; six cities with their villages. 63Verse 63. As for the Jebusites, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of Judah couldn’t drive them out; but the Jebusites live with the children of Judah at Jerusalem to this day.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Joshua 15
Land Inheritance
The boundaries of Judah's inheritance are described in detail in verses 1-12. The territory extends 'from the uttermost part of the Salt Sea' in the east to 'the brook of Egypt' in the south, defining the land allocated to this tribe. The precise borders are established, showing the significance of land ownership in the context of the tribes of Israel. This section serves as a foundation for understanding the geographical context of Judah's territory.
God's Faithfulness
Caleb's inheritance in verses 13-19 highlights God's faithfulness to His promises. Caleb received 'Kiriath Arba' as his portion because of his faithfulness during the spies' mission, as commanded 'according to the commandment of Yahweh to Joshua.' This narrative shows how God fulfills His promises to those who remain steadfast in faith, as Caleb drives out the Anakim and secures the land for himself and his family.
Courage and Faith
Caleb's courageous actions in verses 14-17 illustrate the theme of courage and faith. After receiving his inheritance, he confronts the 'three sons of Anak' and successfully drives them out. Furthermore, he challenges others by promising his daughter Achsah to the one who captures Kiriath Sepher, demonstrating his confidence in God's support and the strength of his own faith as he takes decisive action in securing the land.
Obedience and Blessing
Verses 18-19 recount Achsah's request to her father Caleb for additional springs of water after receiving her inheritance. Caleb grants her request by providing both 'the upper springs and the lower springs.' This interaction shows how Achsah's initiative is met with generosity, indicating a connection between their faithfulness and the blessings received, as well as the supportive relationship within their family.
Chapter outline
How Joshua 15 unfolds
Joshua 15:1–12 Boundaries of Judah's Inheritance
The boundaries of Judah's inheritance are defined, starting from the 'uttermost part of the Salt Sea' and including landmarks like 'Kadesh Barnea' and 'the stone of Bohan' (vv. 1-12).
Joshua 15:13–19 Caleb's Inheritance and Faith
Caleb receives his inheritance in Hebron, displaying bold faith by driving out the Anakim, and he promises his daughter Achsah in marriage to whoever captures Kiriath Sepher (vv. 13-19).
Joshua 15:20–32 Cities in the Southern Region
A list of twenty-nine cities in the southern region allocated to Judah is given, naming places such as 'Kabzeel', 'Beersheba', and 'Ziklag' along with their villages (vv. 20-32).
Joshua 15:33–47 Cities in the Lowland and Coastal Areas
The text enumerates cities in the lowland and coastal areas, detailing fourteen cities like 'Eshtaol' and 'Azekah', sixteen cities including 'Lachish' and 'Makkedah', and nine cities such as 'Libnah' and 'Mareshah' (vv. 33-47).
Joshua 15:48–61 Cities in the Hill Country
The next section outlines cities located in the hill country, detailing eleven cities along with their villages, emphasizing the geographic diversity of Judah's territory (vv. 48-61).
Joshua 15:62–63 Remaining Inhabitants
The verses mention 'Nibshan', 'the City of Salt', and 'En Gedi' as six cities, noting that the 'children of Judah couldn’t drive out' the Jebusites who 'live with the children of Judah at Jerusalem' (vv. 62-63).
Key verses
Joshua 15:16Caleb speaks to the inhabitants of Kiriath Sepher, promising his daughter Achsah as a wife to whoever conquers the city, initiating a challenge that motivates Othniel to act.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Joshua 15
- observeIn v13, what name is given to the portion of land given to Caleb?
- observeWhich three sons of Anak does Caleb drive out in v14?
- interpretCaleb's offer in v16: what does it indicate about the customs of land ownership and marriage?
- interpretIn v63, why do the children of Judah fail to drive out the Jebusites?
- applyWhen has asking for 'springs of water' like Achsah in v19 led you to unexpected blessings?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Joshua 15
- Joshua 10Joshua 15:39 and Joshua 10:3Both mention Lachish: Joshua 15:39 lists Lachish among cities, while Joshua 10:3 connects Lachish to a coalition of kings.
- Judges 1Joshua 15:63 and Judges 1:21Both mention the Jebusites: Joshua 15:63 states Judah could not drive them out, while Judges 1:21 notes Benjamin's failure.
- Joshua 18Joshua 15:8 and Joshua 18:16Both describe the valley of Hinnom: Joshua 15:8 outlines the border going up by this valley, while Joshua 18:16 references going down to it.
- Numbers 34Joshua 15:4 and Numbers 34:5Both describe the border ending at the sea: Joshua 15:4 states this for Judah, while Numbers 34:5 confirms the border's termination.
- 1 Samuel 23Joshua 15:44 and 1 Samuel 23:1Both mention Keilah: Joshua 15:44 lists it as a city, while 1 Samuel 23:1 records David's concern for it.
- 1 Chronicles 4Joshua 15:17 and 1 Chronicles 4:13Both mention Othniel: Joshua 15:17 connects him with Caleb's daughter, while 1 Chronicles 4:13 lists him as a son of Kenaz.
Related chapters
Chapters that connect with Joshua 15
Elsewhere on ScriptureDepth
Where to go from here
- Joshua: the whole bookJoshua narrates the moment promise becomes geography.
- Full Year Chronological Bible, day 75Day 75 of 365: Joshua 13–15.
- StrengthWhat the Bible says about strength, with verses.
- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
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