ScriptureDepth's study of Joshua 18
“It passed along to the side over against the Arabah northward, and went down to the Arabah.”
Joshua 18:18
Joshua describes the boundary for the inheritance of Benjamin, specifying its location and borders, which settles the land allocation for this tribe in the ongoing division of the Promised Land.
What Joshua 18 is about
The whole congregation of the children of Israel gathered at Shiloh, where they set up the Tent of Meeting (vv. 1-2). Joshua called out to the children of Israel, asking how long they would neglect to possess the land Yahweh had given them (v. 3). He instructed them to appoint three men from each of the seven tribes that had not received their inheritance to survey the land and bring back a description for division (vv. 4-7). The men went out to survey the land, detailing the regions into seven portions, before returning to Joshua (vv. 8-9). Joshua cast lots at Shiloh to allocate the land, beginning with the tribe of Benjamin. He described the borders of Benjamin, which included cities located between Judah and Joseph (vv. 11-20). The cities of Benjamin were then listed, totaling twenty-six cities with their villages (vv. 21-28).
The chapter leaves the reader holding the command to possess the land that Yahweh has given.
Joshua 18 at a glance
- Joshua 18:1–2Gathering at Shiloh
- Joshua 18:3–4Call to Action for Inheritance
- Joshua 18:5–7Instructions for Land Division
- Joshua 18:8–10Surveying the Land
- Joshua 18:11–20Inheritance of Benjamin
- Joshua 18:21–28Cities of Benjamin Listed
Key verse: Joshua 18:18
One thing to notice
In verses 3 and 4, Joshua questions the Israelites about their delay in taking possession of their inheritance from Yahweh. He urges them to 'go in to possess the land' that has been given to them.
Summary and study helps: AI-drafted (September 2026), checked by automated Scripture gates. Spotted an error? Report it. Fixes are listed on the corrections page.
Chapter text
Read Joshua 18 (WEB)
Gathering at Shiloh Joshua 18:1–2
1Verse 1. The whole congregation of the children of Israel assembled themselves together at Shiloh, and set up the Tent of Meeting there. The land was subdued before them. 2Verse 2. Seven tribes remained among the children of Israel, which had not yet divided their inheritance.
Call to Action for Inheritance Joshua 18:3–4
3Verse 3. Joshua said to the children of Israel, “How long will you neglect to go in to possess the land, which Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has given you? 4Verse 4. Appoint for yourselves three men from each tribe. I will send them, and they shall arise, walk through the land, and describe it according to their inheritance; and they shall come to me.
Instructions for Land Division Joshua 18:5–7
5Verse 5. They shall divide it into seven portions. Judah shall live in his borders on the south, and the house of Joseph shall live in their borders on the north. 6Verse 6. You shall survey the land into seven parts, and bring the description here to me; and I will cast lots for you here before Yahweh our God. 7Verse 7. However, the Levites have no portion among you; for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance. Gad, Reuben, and the half-tribe of Manasseh have received their inheritance east of the Jordan, which Moses the servant of Yahweh gave them.”
Surveying the Land Joshua 18:8–10
8Verse 8. The men arose and went. Joshua commanded those who went to survey the land, saying, “Go walk through the land, survey it, and come again to me. I will cast lots for you here before Yahweh in Shiloh.” 9Verse 9. The men went and passed through the land, and surveyed it by cities into seven portions in a book. They came to Joshua to the camp at Shiloh. 10Verse 10. Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh before Yahweh. There Joshua divided the land to the children of Israel according to their divisions.
Inheritance of Benjamin Joshua 18:11–20
11Verse 11. The lot of the tribe of the children of Benjamin came up according to their families. The border of their lot went out between the children of Judah and the children of Joseph. 12Verse 12. Their border on the north quarter was from the Jordan. The border went up to the side of Jericho on the north, and went up through the hill country westward. It ended at the wilderness of Beth Aven. 13Verse 13. The border passed along from there to Luz, to the side of Luz (also called Bethel), southward. The border went down to Ataroth Addar, by the mountain that lies on the south of Beth Horon the lower.
14Verse 14. The border extended, and turned around on the west quarter southward, from the mountain that lies before Beth Horon southward; and ended at Kiriath Baal (also called Kiriath Jearim), a city of the children of Judah. This was the west quarter. 15Verse 15. The south quarter was from the farthest part of Kiriath Jearim. The border went out westward, and went out to the spring of the waters of Nephtoah. 16Verse 16. The border went down to the farthest part of the mountain that lies before the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is in the valley of Rephaim northward. It went down to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of the Jebusite southward, and went down to En Rogel.
17Verse 17. It extended northward, went out at En Shemesh, and went out to Geliloth, which is over against the ascent of Adummim. It went down to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben. 18Verse 18. It passed along to the side over against the Arabah northward, and went down to the Arabah. 19Verse 19. The border passed along to the side of Beth Hoglah northward; and the border ended at the north bay of the Salt Sea, at the south end of the Jordan. This was the south border. 20Verse 20. The Jordan was its border on the east quarter. This was the inheritance of the children of Benjamin, by the borders around it, according to their families.
Cities of Benjamin Listed Joshua 18:21–28
21Verse 21. Now the cities of the tribe of the children of Benjamin according to their families were Jericho, Beth Hoglah, Emek Keziz, 22Verse 22. Beth Arabah, Zemaraim, Bethel, 23Verse 23. Avvim, Parah, Ophrah, 24Verse 24. Chephar Ammoni, Ophni, and Geba; twelve cities with their villages. 25Verse 25. Gibeon, Ramah, Beeroth, 26Verse 26. Mizpeh, Chephirah, Mozah,
27Verse 27. Rekem, Irpeel, Taralah, 28Verse 28. Zelah, Eleph, the Jebusite (also called Jerusalem), Gibeath, and Kiriath; fourteen cities with their villages. This is the inheritance of the children of Benjamin according to their families.
World English Bible (public domain)
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Main themes in Joshua 18
God's sovereignty
God's sovereignty is evident as the land is divided among the tribes of Israel, demonstrating His control over their inheritance. In verse 3, Joshua reminds the people that Yahweh has given them the land, affirming that their possession is part of divine fulfillment. The casting of lots in verse 10 shows God's role in determining the boundaries of each tribe, ensuring that their inheritance is guided by His will.
faith and action
Faith and action come together in this chapter as the tribes of Israel are called to take possession of the land. In v. 4, Joshua challenges the tribes to appoint men to survey the land actively, indicating that their faith in God's promise requires their participation. The proactive surveying and division of the land, particularly in vv. 8-9, show that faith must be acted upon for them to fully inherit what God has granted.
community and shared responsibility
Community and shared responsibility are central to the land division process among the tribes. In verse 4, Joshua instructs the children of Israel to appoint three men from each tribe, fostering collaboration for surveying the land. This collective effort in verses 8-10 involves each tribe in claiming their inheritance, highlighting their joint participation in the fulfillment of God's promise.
inheritance and promise
Inheritance and promise are central to Joshua 18, particularly as the tribes receive their designated lands. The chapter opens with a reference to the land being subdued before the Israelites in v. 1, affirming the fulfillment of God's promise. In vv. 11-20, the specific borders and cities of the tribe of Benjamin are described, detailing what this promise looks like in a tangible form as they receive their rightful inheritance.
Chapter outline
How Joshua 18 unfolds
Joshua 18:1–2 Gathering at Shiloh
The congregation of Israel gathers at Shiloh and sets up the Tent of Meeting, marking it as a central location for worship (v. 1). Seven tribes have yet to divide their inheritance.
Joshua 18:3–4 Call to Action for Inheritance
Joshua asks the seven tribes how long they will neglect to take possession of the land given by Yahweh, instructing them to appoint three men from each tribe to survey the land (vv. 3-4).
Joshua 18:5–7 Instructions for Land Division
Joshua instructs the tribes to divide the land into seven portions, noting that the Levites have no portion, as their inheritance is the priesthood, while Gad, Reuben, and half of Manasseh have already received their land (vv. 5-7).
Joshua 18:8–10 Surveying the Land
The men survey the land and return to Joshua, who commands them to walk through the land and report back so he can cast lots for the allocation in Shiloh (vv. 8-10).
Joshua 18:11–20 Inheritance of Benjamin
The lot for the tribe of Benjamin is drawn, detailing its border from the Jordan, around Jericho, and through various geographical landmarks, defining the territory allocated to Benjamin (vv. 11-20).
Joshua 18:21–28 Cities of Benjamin Listed
A list of cities belonging to the tribe of Benjamin is given, including Jericho and Jerusalem, totaling twenty-six cities with their villages, outlining the urban centers within Benjamin's territory (vv. 21-28).
Key verses
Joshua 18:18Joshua describes the boundary for the inheritance of Benjamin, specifying its location and borders, which settles the land allocation for this tribe in the ongoing division of the Promised Land.
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Study questions
Questions for studying Joshua 18
- observeIn v3, what question does Joshua ask the children of Israel?
- observeWhat do the men do in vv. 8-9 before returning to Joshua?
- interpretIn v7, why does Joshua clarify that the Levites have no portion among the tribes?
- interpretIn v10, what does the act of casting lots signify about the land division process?
- applyWhen have you hesitated to take action on a promise, as seen in Joshua's question in v3?
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Cross-references
Passages that echo Joshua 18
- Joshua 15Joshua 18:16 and Joshua 15:8Both describe borders: Joshua 18:16 notes the valley of the son of Hinnom, while Joshua 15:8 mentions the valley of the son of Hinnom.
- Joshua 16Joshua 18:12 and Joshua 16:1Both speak of borders from the Jordan: Joshua 18:12 notes the north quarter, while Joshua 16:1 mentions the lot coming out for Joseph.
- Joshua 19Joshua 18:1 and Joshua 19:51Both mention Shiloh: Joshua 18:1 recounts the assembly, while Joshua 19:51 describes the distribution of inheritances there.
- 1 Samuel 1Joshua 18:1 and 1 Samuel 1:3Both mention Shiloh: Joshua 18:1 describes the assembly, while 1 Samuel 1:3 recounts worship and sacrifice there.
- Joshua 21Joshua 18:1 and Joshua 21:2Both involve Shiloh: Joshua 18:1 mentions setting up the Tent, while Joshua 21:2 details speaking about cities to dwell in.
- 1 Samuel 13Joshua 18:23 and 1 Samuel 13:17Both mention Ophrah: Joshua 18:23 lists it among cities, while 1 Samuel 13:17 describes a route leading to Ophrah.
Related chapters
Chapters that connect with Joshua 18
Elsewhere on ScriptureDepth
Where to go from here
- Joshua: the whole bookJoshua narrates the moment promise becomes geography.
- Full Year Chronological Bible, day 76Day 76 of 365: Joshua 16–19.
- StrengthWhat the Bible says about strength, with verses.
- Common Bible questionsThe questions people bring to Bible study, each answered from the text.
- Today's devotionalOne verse and a short reflection, new every morning.
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