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Joshua 9

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1When all the kings who were beyond the Jordan, in the hill country, and in the lowland, and on all the shore of the great sea in front of Lebanon, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard of it 2they gathered themselves together to fight with Joshua and with Israel, with one accord. 3But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to Ai, 4they also resorted to a ruse, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks on their donkeys, and old, torn-up and bound up wine skins, 5and old and patched shoes on their feet, and wore old garments. All the bread of their food supply was dry and moldy. 6They went to Joshua at the camp at Gilgal, and said to him and to the men of Israel, “We have come from a far country. Now therefore make a covenant with us.” 7The men of Israel said to the Hivites, “What if you live among us? How could we make a covenant with you?” 8They said to Joshua, “We are your servants.” Joshua said to them, “Who are you? Where do you come from?” 9They said to him, “Your servants have come from a very far country because of the name of Yahweh your God; for we have heard of his fame, all that he did in Egypt, 10and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon and to Og king of Bashan, who was at Ashtaroth. 11Our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, saying, ‘Take supplies in your hand for the journey, and go to meet them. Tell them, “We are your servants. Now make a covenant with us.”’ 12This our bread we took hot for our supplies out of our houses on the day we went out to go to you; but now, behold, it is dry, and has become moldy. 13These wine skins, which we filled, were new; and behold, they are torn. These our garments and our shoes have become old because of the very long journey.” 14The men sampled their provisions, and didn’t ask counsel from Yahweh’s mouth. 15Joshua made peace with them, and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The princes of the congregation swore to them. 16At the end of three days after they had made a covenant with them, they heard that they were their neighbors, and that they lived among them. 17The children of Israel traveled and came to their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath Jearim. 18The children of Israel didn’t strike them, because the princes of the congregation had sworn to them by Yahweh, the God of Israel. All the congregation murmured against the princes. 19But all the princes said to all the congregation, “We have sworn to them by Yahweh, the God of Israel. Now therefore we may not touch them. 20We will do this to them, and let them live; lest wrath be on us, because of the oath which we swore to them.” 21The princes said to them, “Let them live, so they became wood cutters and drawers of water for all the congregation, as the princes had spoken to them.” 22Joshua called for them, and he spoke to them, saying, “Why have you deceived us, saying, ‘We are very far from you,’ when you live among us? 23Now therefore you are cursed, and some of you will never fail to be slaves, both wood cutters and drawers of water for the house of my God.” 24They answered Joshua, and said, “Because your servants were certainly told how Yahweh your God commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you. Therefore we were very afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing. 25Now, behold, we are in your hand. Do to us as it seems good and right to you to do.” 26He did so to them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, so that they didn’t kill them. 27That day Joshua made them wood cutters and drawers of water for the congregation and for Yahweh’s altar to this day, in the place which he should choose.

World English Bible (public domain)

But the leaders said to all the congregation, "We have sworn to them by the Lord, the God of Israel, and now we may not touch them."

Joshua 9:19

Summary

In Joshua chapter 9, the Gibeonites, fearful of the Israelites' conquests, resort to deception to secure their safety. They disguise themselves as envoys from a distant land, presenting worn-out provisions and tattered clothing to convince Joshua and the leaders of Israel that they come from a far country. The Israelites, without consulting God, make a covenant with them, promising to spare their lives. Once the deceit is revealed and the Gibeonites are recognized as neighbors, the Israelites are bound by their oath and choose not to harm them, albeit condemning them to servitude as water carriers and woodcutters.

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Chapter outline

How Joshua 9 unfolds

  1. Joshua 9:1–2 Coalition of Kings Against Israel

    The kings beyond the Jordan unite to oppose Joshua and Israel, indicating the mounting resistance to their conquest.

  2. Joshua 9:3–6 Gibeonites' Deceptive Strategy

    The Gibeonites, fearing Israel's advance, devise a ruse to present themselves as distant travelers seeking a covenant.

  3. Joshua 9:7–14 Israel's Inquiry and Decision

    Despite their cautious questioning, the leaders of Israel are deceived into making a covenant without seeking God's guidance.

  4. Joshua 9:15–21 Covenant Made and Consequences

    Joshua confirms the covenant with the Gibeonites, sparing their lives but creating tension among the Israelites.

  5. Joshua 9:22–24 Revelation of Deception

    Joshua confronts the Gibeonites about their deceit, revealing the complexities of their choice to deceive.

  6. Joshua 9:25–27 Gibeonites' Fate and Servitude

    The Gibeonites accept their fate, becoming servants to Israel, which fulfills their desire to survive.

Key verses

  • Joshua 9:19Joshua 9:19 captures the weight of the chapter as it underscores the commitment to the covenant despite the deception.

Main themes in Joshua 9

Deception and Truth

Deception is central in Joshua 9 as the Gibeonites disguise their identity and intentions in verses 4-6. This act complicates the narrative, as it highlights the tension between appearances and reality, leading to significant consequences for both Israel and the Gibeonites. Ultimately, it emphasizes the need for discernment and truthfulness in relationships.

Covenant and Commitment

The theme of covenant emerges prominently in verses 15-21, where the leaders of Israel make a solemn oath to the Gibeonites. This commitment complicates their situation, as it requires the Israelites to honor their promise despite realizing that the Gibeonites deceived them about their origins. The chapter demonstrates the seriousness of oaths made and the significant implications of commitments undertaken without seeking divine guidance or clarity.

Divine Guidance and Human Error

Human error is evident in Joshua 9 when Israel fails to seek God's counsel before making the covenant with the Gibeonites, as seen in verse 14. This oversight leads to a flawed decision, demonstrating the importance of divine guidance in critical choices. The narrative ultimately reflects the consequences of relying solely on human judgment.

Consequences of Decisions

The consequences of decisions made by Joshua and the leaders become evident in verses 19-27, where their oath binds them to the Gibeonites. This choice leads to unforeseen outcomes, including the Gibeonites being conscripted into servitude and resulting murmuring among the Israelite people. The chapter illustrates that choices, especially those made without careful consideration, can have lasting repercussions that affect the community as a whole.

Cross-references

Passages that echo Joshua 9

Study questions

Questions for studying Joshua 9

  1. Who were the Gibeonites and what strategy did they use to deceive Israel?
  2. What was the significance of the Israelites not consulting God before making a covenant?
  3. How did the princes of Israel respond to the murmuring of the congregation?
  4. What were the consequences of the covenant made with the Gibeonites?
  5. How does Joshua's decision to spare the Gibeonites reflect on his leadership?
  6. What does the Gibeonites' fear reveal about the reputation of the Israelites?
  7. In what ways does this chapter illustrate the theme of deception?

Joshua 9: frequently asked questions

What is Joshua 9 about?+
In Joshua chapter 9, the Gibeonites, fearful of the Israelites' conquests, resort to deception to secure their safety. They disguise themselves as envoys from a distant land, presenting worn-out provisions and tattered clothing to convince Joshua and the leaders of Israel that they come from a far country. The Israelites, without consulting God, make a covenant with them, promising to spare their lives. Once the deceit is revealed and the Gibeonites are recognized as neighbors, the Israelites are bound by their oath and choose not to harm them, albeit condemning them to servitude as water carriers and woodcutters.
What is the key verse in Joshua 9?+
Joshua 9:19: "But the leaders said to all the congregation, "We have sworn to them by the Lord, the God of Israel, and now we may not touch them.""
What are the main themes of Joshua 9?+
The main themes of Joshua 9 are Deception and Truth, Covenant and Commitment, Divine Guidance and Human Error, Consequences of Decisions.

Related chapters

Chapters that connect with Joshua 9

Study Notes